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CHAPTER 21The World Economy
World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power II. Toward a World EconomyIII. Colonial Expansion
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
Increasing contact from 12th century
From Crusades, ReconquistaFamiliarity with imports
ChangesMongol fallOttomans intervene
European efforts to expand
A. New Technology: A Key to Power
Deep-draught shipsBetter on ocean voyages
Armaments betterCompasses, mapmaking help
navigation
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack
Prince Henry the NavigatorExpeditions along African coast1488, pass Cape of Good Hope1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India1514, Portuguese to Indonesia,
China
ColumbusTo Americas, 1492
Ferdinand Magellan1519, begins circumnavigation of
the world
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
C. Northern European ExpeditionsEngland, Holland, France take the
initiative
1588, British defeat Spanish Armada
1534, French cross the AtlanticSettle Canada
1497, British sail to North America1600s, begin colonization
DutchNorth American territoryIndonesia
Chartered companiesLittle government supervision
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Toward a World Economy
A. The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities
Slaves imported
New World plants:
Corn, sweet potato, potatoOld World animals:
Horse, cattle
B. West's Commercial OutreachContinuity
Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters
Muslim traders along east African coast
Turks in eastern Mediterranean
EuropeansRemain on coast in Africa, Asia
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Toward a World Economy
C. Balances in World TradeSpain and Portugal lack financial
systemsEngland, France, Holland
More lasting economic presenceMercantilism
Exports, home production protectedDependent areas supply raw
materials
D. A System of International InequalityPermanent state of dependence
But peasants mostly unaffectedForced labor becomes widespread to
meet demand
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Toward a World Economy
E. How Much World in the World Economy?Not all areas affected
East Asia self-sufficient
China uninterested in world economyKeeps Europeans out
JapanMore open initiallyCloses doors, 17th to 19th
centuries
F. The Expansionist TrendMughal Empire in decline
British, French move in
Eastern EuropeExports grain to the West
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
A. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies
Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
A. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies
SpainWest Indies1509, PanamaAztec, Incas conquered
Loosely supervised conquistadors
Search for goldTake tribute rather than
conquerAdministration develops
along with missionary activity
North AmericaFrom 17th centuryFrench: Canada, MississippiDutch, English, Atlantic
seaboardWest Indies, colonized by all
three
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
B. British and French North America: Backwater Colonies
French, British and Dutch Holdings
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
B. British and French North America: Backwater Colonies
Different pattern from Latin America
Religious refugees
Land grants
Canada
French establish estates
Controlled by state
Catholic church influential
1763, French relinquish Canada, Mississippi
Little merging of natives and immigrants
Enlightenment ideas popular
C. North America and Western Civilization
European-style family
European economic, political ideas
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
D. Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations
Barriers: climate, disease, geography
Angola
Portuguese slaving expeditions
South Africa
1652, Dutch found Cape Town
way station
Settlers move into interior
Conflicts with natives
Asia
Spain into Philippines
Conversion
Indonesia
Dutch East India Company
Also Taiwan briefly
French and British fight for control of India
1744, war begins
British win out
Chapter 21: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
E. Impact on western EuropeHostilities between countries
exacerbatedSeven Years War
First global war
F. The Impact of a New World OrderSlave trade affects AfricaLatin America, eastern Europe
affected by slavery, serfdom
