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A presentation on the process of developing tourism concession guidelines for southern African transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs). The paper includes a situational analysis from SADC, and an outline of the process of developing the guidelines.
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Guidelines on Concessioning & Sustainable Tourism Investment in TFCAs in SADC
Dr Anna Spenceley [email protected]; www.anna.spenceley.co.uk Garden Court OR Tambo, Johannesburg, 2-‐3 September 2014
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1INSERT PROJECT NAME 1Insert client logo
TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON CONCESSIONING AND INVESTMENT IN TFCAs IN SADC
THE PROCESS OF PACKAGING PROJECTS
Presented by: Michael WrightConsulting Engineers y Project Managers y Environmental Consultants y Town and Regional Planners
A PROFESSIONAL TEAM DELIVERING CREATIVE PROJECT SOLUTIONS
1TFCAs: The Process of Packaging Projects
E: [email protected] T: +27 31 581 1573 C: +27 83 670 1436 W: www.sivest.co.za
1
Insert client logo
1INSERT PROJECT NAME 1Insert client logo
TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON CONCESSIONING AND INVESTMENT IN TFCAs IN SADC
THE PROCESS OF PACKAGING PROJECTS
Presented by: Michael WrightConsulting Engineers y Project Managers y Environmental Consultants y Town and Regional Planners
A PROFESSIONAL TEAM DELIVERING CREATIVE PROJECT SOLUTIONS
1TFCAs: The Process of Packaging Projects
E: [email protected] T: +27 31 581 1573 C: +27 83 670 1436 W: www.sivest.co.za
Tourism concessions in SADC TFCAs
Guidelines
Scoping
Situational analysis
Conference
Process
Guidelines
Scoping
Situational analysis
Conference
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
PracKcal process guidance to support decision making
Namibia
TorraTorra Conservancy & Conservancy &DamaralandDamaraland Camp Camp
Author: Anna Spenceley.
Photographs: Dana Alan, Wilderness Safaris
Align conservaKon & investment goals
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of which almost 39,000 were non-residents. We estimate that approximately 35,000 tourists attempt to climb
others have estimated 40,000 climbers per year in 2007/08.
Tracing the tourist dollar on Mount Kilimanjaro
To climb the Mountain, tourists must use a TANAPA registered guide. Almost all climbers book their climb as a package, which means that a local tour operator organises the climbing staff (guides, porters and cooks), park fees, food and equipment. Some tourists buy their package directly from a Tanzania in-bound tour operator, but most book their climb with a tour operator in their home country and the international tour operator then sub-contracts a local operator.
A typical climb package is sold by local tour operators for an average of US$1,205 for a seven day tour itinerary. This is an all-inclusive arrangement and includes five days on the mountain with a night in a hotel before and after the climb (normally in the neighbouring towns of Moshi or Arusha). In addition to this package cost, interviews with tourists revealed an average of US$171 of out-of-pocket or discretionary spending is made during the climb – a total in-country spend of US$1,376 per tourist.
Figure 2 illustrates the breakdown of total (package and discretionary) climber expenditure, based on information obtained from tour operators, accommodation provider and tourist surveys.
The largest single item of tourist expenditure is National Park fees at 47% of the total cost. Each climber pays an average of US$649 in National Park fees as part of their tour operator package.
The second largest item of expenditure is payments for climbing staff, which amounts 18% of total spending when wages from tour operators and tips from tourists are combined.
average annual income (including both wages and tips) of US$1,830 for guides, US$842 for porters, and US$771 for cooks.
Porters wages vary significantly between different tour operators and routes. Using
widespread abuses of porters working conditions and day rates that vary from US$3.50 to $10.60 per day.
Figure 2: Cost components of a typical Mountain-climbing holiday (US$1,376 in-country)
4%3%6%
6%
18%
16%
47%Park fees
Tour operator margins
Wages & Tips
Accommodation
Food & Beverages
Transport
Cultural goods & services
Mount Kilimanjaro tour operators marketThere are many tour operators in
climbing packages. There are half a dozen long-established operators that each sell about 3,000 packages per year, and the other half of the market comprises of packages that are sold by smaller, niche and less-established operators. There is a steady increase in the number of packages sold by emerging tour operators – often established by former tourist guides. Emerging operators typically sell about 300 climbing packages a year.
Examples of good pracKce & Kps
Planning & development issues:Planning & development issues:DamaralandDamaraland Institutional ArrangementsInstitutional Arrangements
Torra ConservancyLessor / partner
10% revenue.
£300 p/a rent
15-yr BOT
arrangement
Damaraland CampWilderness Safaris
Lessee, Developer and Operator
• Damaraland is a Build Operate Transferpartnership with the community (withWilderness Safaris) (a hybrid rental agreement)
• WS and INDRC organised community into Trustand organised rental/transfer agreement
• 15 year agreement between WS and the Torraconservancy for ~10 hectares (separate fromhunting concession area)
• 10% of the net accommodation fees from eachguest's stay are allocated directly to thecommunity
• For the last 5 years of the agreement wouldhave transferred 20% ownership of assets tothe conservancy and decrease payments of %turnover by 20% each year.
• By year 15 conservancy would have owned andmanage the lodge, and WS would continue tomarket it.
• Books presented to Trust 4x p/a• Joint management committee of WS and
community to discuss lodge development andwider area
StateLand owner
Permission to Occupy
Brian Jones, Jones and Ashley (2001), Bruce Simpson, Chris Roche
Clear Simple Short
Guidelines
Scoping
Situational analysis
Conference
Policies, strategies, legislaKon
Namibia: -‐‑ Concession
policy -‐‑ Draft Parks and
Wildlife management Bill
-‐‑ Tourism policy
South Africa: -‐‑ Public Finance
Management Act – Treasury regulation 16
-‐‑ Municipal Finance Management Act
Malawi: -‐‑ PPP Policy
framework -‐‑ National
Tourism Policy
SADC: Protocol on the Development of Tourism; Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement
Policies, strategies, legislaKon
Botswana: -‐‑ Tourism policy -‐‑ National Ecotourism
Strategy -‐‑ Draft Tourism Policy -‐‑ National Licensing
Act
Tanzania: -‐‑ National Tourism
Policy -‐‑ Wildlife Policy of
Tanzania -‐‑ National Policies
for National Parks in Tanzania
Plans: Tourism Masterplans (country); Integrated Development Plans (TFCA; outside Protected Areas); Protected Area Management Plans
Concession models
• Awelani, South Africa Management
• Witsieshoek, Maloti-‐‑Drakensberg TFCA Lease
• Singita Lebombo, GLTFCA • Chemucane, Lubombo TFCA
Concession / PPP
(BOT, ROT)
Best Practice: Use of the model and duration that is most appropriate to the level of investment and product type
Concession processes
• Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Competitive bid (Tender)
• Angola, Mozambique Unsolicited
• Mozambique, Namibia Direct award (communities)
Best Practice: Competitive bidding -‐‑Most competitive and transparent.
Transboundary products -‐ AccommodaKon & tours
TransfronKer Park DesKnaKons: Kgalagadi TFCA, GLTFCA, MaloK-‐
Drakensberg TFCA
Wilderness Safaris: GLTFCA, KAZA, Ponta do Oura-‐Kosi
Bay Marine TFCA
Transboundary products -‐ Events
Tourism investment guidelines SOUTHERN AFRICATOUR ISM INVESTMENTHANDBOOK
First Edition
SOUTHERN AFRICAN TOURISM INVESTMENT HANDBOOK DEVELOPED BY RETOSA
The Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa (RETOSA) is a
Southern African Development Community (SADC) institution responsible
for tourism growth and development. In part, the aims of RETOSA are to
increase tourist arrivals to the region through sustainable development
initiatives, improved regional competitiveness and effective destination
marketing.
RETOSA Member states are Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South
Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The organisation
works together with Member States’ Tourism Ministries, Tourism Boards
and private sector partners.
Designed by Indigo Marketing www.indigo.co.za
Tel: +27 11 315 2420/1
Fax: +27 11 315 2422
Website: www.retosa.co.za
E-mail: marketing @retosa.co.za
• Lesotho: Tourism Investment Guide Toolkit • Mozambique: Mozambique Investment Climate Library; Tourism concession
manuals (public & private sector) • South Africa: PPP Manual – National Treasury • Tanzania: Investment Guide To Tanzania (UNCTAD); Guidelines for Coastal Tourism
Development in Tanzania; Tanzania Investors Guide; TANAPA Development Action Lease Procedures
• Zambia: Zambia Investor Guide Handbook
Guidelines
Scoping
Situational analysis
Conference
• Review and revise draft guidelines • Add content, examples, tools, cases
Next steps: • Proceedings of meeting
• Revise guidelines (vs 2) • Review period (email; SADC portal)
• Final revision of guidelines (Nov)
• Dissemination
Thank you!
Dr Anna Spenceley Email: [email protected]
PresentaKons: www.slideshare.net/AnnaSpenceley Website: www.anna.spenceley.co.uk