HPRINTOUR - Motivation in tourism

MOTIVATION IN TOURISMHPRINTOUR

COMPILED WORKS OF DR. R. LIM, MR. R. MANZANO, & MR. B. SANTOS

PRESENTED BY MERVYN MAICO D. ALDANA, FACULTY CHTM

TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS

1. EACH COMPONENT IS TOTALLY DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER AS WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF THE

OTHER COMPONENT IT WILL NOT SURVIVE.

EXAMPLE – WITHOUT THE ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION, THE DESTINATION IS LIKELY NOT TO

PROPEL INTO A POPULAR DESTINATION.


2. THE ENTIRE TOURISM INDUSTRY IS PEOPLE ORIENTED AS IT REQUIRES MORE PEOPLE TO BE ABLE

TO SERVICE ONE TOURIST.


3. THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL.

WHATEVER IS THE EXPERIENCE OF THE TOURIST, BE IT UGLY OR GOOD, IT WILL REMAIN IN HIS/HER

MEMORY, AND FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IS PHYSICALLY REWARDING IN TERMS OF RELAXATION.


4. THE PRODUCT OF TOURISM IS SOMETHING THAT YOU CANNOT JUST TRY AND IF YOU DON’T LIKE

IT, YOU WILL NOT BUY IT. TOURISM PRODUCTS REQUIRE THE BUYER TO BUY THE PRODUCTS

FIRST, AND THEN CONSUME IT BEFORE HE CAN MAKE HIS FINAL JUDGMENT, EITHER TO

CONTINUE PATRONIZING IT OR REJECT IT.


5. A TOURISM PRODUCT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU CANNOT BRING TO THE CUSTOMER FOR

VIEWING, TASTING, OR JUDGMENT. THE CLIENT HAS TO EXERT MONEY AND EFFORT TO TRAVEL

TO WHERE THE PRODUCT IS.


6. THE PRODUCTS ARE HIGHLY SEASONAL AND EACH DESTINATION HAS ITS OWN SEASON.

TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE TEMPORARY SEASONAL DEPENDING ON GEOGRAPHICAL DESTINATION.


7. THE PRICE OF TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE HIGHLY ELASTIC AND KEEPS ON FLUCTUATING. ITS PRICE

FLUCTUATIONS ARE INFLUENCED BY SEASON, DEMAND, CLASSIFICATIONS, TARGET CLIENT, TYPES

OF PATRONS, AND LOCATION, TIME AND DATE OF PURCHASE (ADVANCE OF LATE PURCHASE).


8. TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE VERY DYNAMIC AS IT KEEPS ON CHANGING ACCORDING TO THE

BEHAVIOR OF THE CLIENTS.

YOU CANNOT KEEP ON OFFERING THE SAME PRODUCTS TO THE CLIENTS WHO KEEPS ON LOOKING FOR NEW

EXPERIENCE.


9. TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE HIGHLY PERISHABLE.

EXAMPLE, A ROOM IN A HOTEL OR A SEAT IN A PLANE IS NOT SOLD IN A DAY, THE SALE IS LOST FOREVER. THIS IS WHY A MANAGER MUST EXERT ALL EFFORT AND MEANS TO SELL THE PRODUCTS THEY MANAGED.


10. TOURISM IS MULTI-CULTURAL, REGIONAL, AND TRANSNATIONAL.

THE KINDS OF PRODUCTS, HOSPITALITY OF SERVICE ARE OFTENTIMES AFFECTED BY THE CULTURE AND

PRACTICES WHERE IT IS LOCATED. THIS MAKES TOURISM PRODUCTS VERY UNIQUE AS THEY ALSO ALLOW THE

PEOPLE WORKING IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TO LEARN AND ADOPT MULTI-BEHAVIORAL

DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO MEET THE NEEDS AND WHINE OF GUESTS FROM VARIOUS LOCATIONS AND

ORIGINS.

TOURISTS

• ACCORDING TO WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION; TOURISTS ARE PEOPLE WHO TRAVEL AND STAY IN A

PLACE OUTSIDE THEIR USUAL ENVIRONMENT FOR NOT

MORE THAN ONE CONSECUTIVE YEAR FOR LEISURE, BUSINESSES AND OTHER PURPOSE.

TOURISTS

• IN ORDER FOR A DESTINATION TO PROVIDE STIMULATING, HIGH QUALITY EXPERIENCES, IT IS

CRITICAL THAT BOTH POLICY MAKERS AND MANAGERS ARE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND TOURIST’SMOTIVATION FOR PLEASURE TRAVEL, AS WELL AS MULTIPLE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEIR

SELECTION OF A DESTINATION.

TYPES OF TOURISTS

1. SAME-DAY VISITORS – VISITORS WHO DO NOT SPEND THE NIGHT IN A COLLECTIVE OR PRIVATE

ACCOMMODATION IN THE COUNTRY VISITED – EXAMPLES: CRUISE SHIP PASSENGERS, OR DAY-TRIPPERS VISITING AN ATTRACTION.

2. TOURISTS – VISITORS WHO STAY IN THE COUNTRY THEY VISIT FOR AT LEAST ONE NIGHT –EXAMPLES: VISITORS ON A TWO WEEK VACATION. THEIR PURPOSE CAN BE FOR PLEASURE, BUSINESS, AND OTHER PURPOSES, SUCH AS FAMILY REASONS, HEALTH OR TRANSIT.

MOTIVATION IN TOURISM

TRAVEL MOTIVATION

• TRAVEL MOTIVATION STUDIES INCLUDE CONSUMER MOTIVATION, DECISION MAKING, PRODUCT

SATISFACTION, OVERALL ACCEPTABILITY OF HOLIDAY EXPERIENCES, PLEASURE IN THE VACATION

ENVIRONMENT, AND INTERACTION WITH LOCAL INHABITANTS.

PURPOSE OF TRAVEL

• PERSONS WHO TRAVEL UNDER TOURISM HAVE DIFFERENT PURPOSES IN THEIR TRAVEL.

• PLEASURE/VACATION

• BUSINESS/PROFESSIONAL (CONSULTATIONS, CONVENTIONS, INSPECTIONS, MICE)

• VISITING FRIENDS OR RELATIVES (SOCIALIZING, DINING IN, HOME ENTERTAINMENT)

• OTHER REASONS (PILGRIMAGE/RELIGION/HEALTH)

OTHER FORMS OF TRAVEL

• BORDER WORKERS

• DIPLOMATS/REPRESENTATIVE OF CONSULATES

• IMMIGRANTS

• MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES

• NOMADS

• REFUGEES

• TRANSIT PASSENGERS

TYPES OF TOURISTS – PLOG’S

1. ALLOCENTRIC – PREFERS TRAVELING FOR ADVENTURE, UNUSUAL DESTINATIONS, DOESN’TREQUIRE PAMPERING, WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISK FOR FUN AND EXPERIENCE, IMMERSE WITH

LOCAL PEOPLE AND THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE TO TRY THEIR WAY OF LIFE, CAN LIVE WITHOUT

WORRYING OF THE ENVIRONMENT CONDITION, WILLINGNESS TO TAKE WHATEVER MODE OF

TRANSPORTATION JUST TO GET TO THE DESIRED DESTINATIONS, AND TO TRY FOODS AT THE

DESTINATION.

• TRY NEW PRODUCTS, ADVENTUROUS, PREFER OFF BEATEN TRACKS, SELF-CONFIDENT


2. PSYCHOCENTRIC – TYPE OF TOURIST THAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF THE ALLOCENTRIC. PSYCHOCENTRIC IS MORE INTERESTED TO SEE FAMILIAR AND POPULAR PLACES, SAFETY

CONSCIOUS, WORRY TOO MUCH, MORE INTERESTED ON PAMPERED TRAVEL AND TOUR, NOT

WILLING TO TAKE THE RISK EVEN FOR FUN, PARTICULAR ON THE LIVING

ENVIRONMENT/SURROUNDING, REQUIRES ACCESSIBILITY TO ALL, SOMETIMES NEED A GUIDE.

• NON- ADVENTUROUS, PREFER THE FAMILIAR TRAVEL, NON-RISKS TAKERS, PASSIVE TYPE


3. MIDCENTRICS - DWELL BETWEEN ALLOCENTRIC AND

PSYCHOCENTRIC

TYPES OF TOURISTS

4. SHOESTRING TRAVELER – TYPE OF TOURIST THAT ARE VERY PARTICULAR ON SAVING AND

SPENDING THE MONEY ACCORDING TO BUDGET OR EVEN BELOW THE BUDGET. THESE PERSONS

ARE MUCH LIKE THE ALLOCENTRIC OR FALLS UNDER THE ALLOCENTRIC TRAVELER BECAUSE OF HIS

STYLE AND WILLINGNESS TO STAY ON CHEAP ACCOMMODATION AND USES ORDINARY MODE OF

TRANSPORTATION JUST TO FULFILL THE DESIRE THE TRAVEL.

TYPES OF TOURISTS- COHEN’S MODEL

• ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST

• PACKAGED TOURS

• PREFERS FAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT


• INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST

• MAJOR ARRANGEMENTS MADE THROUGH TRAVEL

INTERMEDIARY

• TOURIST HAS SOME CONTROL OVER HIS OR HER

ITINERARY

• REMAINS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL BUBBLE OF HOME

COUNTRY


• EXPLORER

• USUALLY PLANS HIS OR HER OWN TRIP

• AVOIDS DEVELOPED TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

• MIXES WITH LOCALS BUT STILL PROTECTED BY

ENVIRONMENTAL BUBBLE


• DRIFTER

• PLANS HIS OR HER TRIP

• AVOIDS TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AND MIX WITH LOCALS

• IMMERSES IN THE HOST CULTURE, PARTAKES OF THE LOCAL

FOOD, LIVES IN NATIVE SHELTER AND OBSERVE HABITS & LIFESTYLE

MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

• PEOPLE HAVE SEVERAL NEEDS, WHICH ARE

ARRANGED IN IMPORTANCE, AND THAT

PEOPLE ARE TRYING TO AT LEAST MINIMALLY

SATISFY THE LOWER NEEDS BEFORE THE

HIGHER LEVEL NEEDS.

SEEKING- ESCAPING TRAVEL MOTIVATION THEORY

ASSERTS THAT TWO FORCES SIMULTANEOUSLY INFLUENCE AN INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOR.

1. SEEKING COMPONENT - SEEK PSYCHOLOGICAL REWARDS THROUGH TRAVEL IN A

CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENT

2. ESCAPING COMPONENT - LEAVING EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENT BEHIND AND PERHAPS

INTRODUCING CHANGE OR NOVELTY IN ONE’S DAILY ROUTINE.

PUSH – PULL THEORY

• PULL FACTORS: AROUSED BY THE

DESTINATION

• PUSH FACTORS: SOCIO, PSYCHOLOGICAL

OR PERSONAL MOTIVES

WANDERLUST-SUNLUST THEORY

WANDERLUST THEORY –CAUSES INDIVIDUALS TO WANT

TO EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT

EXISTING CULTURES AND

PLACES, OR RELICS OF PAST

CULTURES IN HISTORICALLY

SIGNIFICANT AREAS

SUNLUST THEORY – IS THE DESIRE

TO EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT OR BETTER

FACILITIES OUTSIDE ONE’S PLACE OF

RESIDENCE

TRAVEL CAREER LADDER THEORY - PEARCE

THE MORE EXPERIENCED TRAVELLERS

WILL HAVE HIGHER HOST-SITE

INVOLVEMENT AND NATURE RELATED

MOTIVATION THAN THE LESS

EXPERIENCED ONES WHO WILL PLACE

HIGHER VALUE ON STIMULATION, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, RELATIONSHIP, SELF ACTUALIZATION, NOSTALGIA, ROMANCE AND

RECOGNITION.

ISO-AHOLA

• ARGUES THAT TOURIST AND LEISURE BEHAVIOR

TAKES PLACE WITHIN A FRAMEWORK OF OPTIMAL

AROUSAL AND INCONGRUITY.

• INDIVIDUALS SEEK DIFFERENT LEVELS OF

STIMULATION.

Travel

HPRINTOUR - Motivation in tourism