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Learning Czech Prepositions through Pictures: Cognitive Schemas and Language Learning Dominik Lukeš, 2004 http://www.bohemica. com

Prepositions in Czech

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An advanced student-oriented presentation about prepositions.

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Page 1: Prepositions in Czech

Learning Czech Prepositions through Pictures:Cognitive Schemas and Language Learning

Dominik Lukeš, 2004 http://www.bohemica.com

Page 2: Prepositions in Czech

http://www.bohemica.com/czechonline

Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Presentation outline

Theory 5 min

Czech Prepositions in Pictures 15 min

The case of na 15 min

Learners’ lab 15 min

Tips for learners / Q&A 10 min

Page 3: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Theory

Native speakers create image schemas that describe the core spatial meaning of prepositions. Each situation is then reduced to a schema.

The schemas consist of so called landmarks (stationary elements) and trajectors (moving elements).

When prepositions are used to describe non-spatial situations, the landmark and trajectors become metaphorically linked to elements in the situation.

Learners need to acquire both a stock of set uses and an ability to apply the right schema to the right situation. This requires both drilling and active image creation.

Page 4: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Prepositions of Space

z(e) Koho? Čeho? from (within)

na Koho? Co? in the direction on

od(e) Koho? Čeho? from (without)

k(e) Komu? Čemu? to, toward

do Koho? Čeho? to, into

u Koho? Čeho? at,near, by

v / na Kom? Čem? in / on

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Prepositions of Space (cont.)

English one-dimensional: where

Czech three-dimensional: where, where to, where from

Kde? Kam? Odkud? / Odkdy?

v(e) / na Kom? Čem?

do Koho? Čeho

na Koho? Co?

z(e) Koho? Čeho?

u / vedle Koho? Čeho

k(e) Komu? Čemu?

od(e) Koho? Čeho?

Locational

Directional

Page 6: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

How it works

Gifts from Jdu od Petra Vím to od Petra. Tu knihu mám od Petra.

Going to visit Jdu k Petrovi na návštěvu. Budu u Petra.

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

How it does NOT work

Gifts from Jdu z Petra Vím to z Petra. Tu knihu mám z Petra.

Going to visit Jdu do Petra na návštěvu. Budu na Petrovi.

Page 8: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Core meaning

Meaning extensions

Fun with na

Page 9: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Spatial uses of NA

1. On: things, surfaces (vertical/horizontal), islands viewed as islands, peninsulas, places high up, selected other countries (Havaj, Nový Zéland, Florida, Island)

2. In: institutions as official places (opera, pošta, univerzita, výstava, diskotéka)

3. In the direction of: táhnul na Prahu

V Kom? Čem?

NA Kom? Čem?

škole

hospodě

kavárně náměstí koleji

diskotéce

Moravě Havaji Německu Brně

Praze

koncertě hradě

Slovensku Tahity ostrově

být

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Extended uses of NA

1. Metaphorical space Direction of attention: myslet na, těšit se na, smát se na Purpose: boty na fotbal Instruments: na kytaru, dveře na zámek, jezdit na benzín Cause: umřít na rakovinu, udělat na přání, na objednávku Measure: prodávat na kilo, na metr Something about to happen: je to na spadnutí Wishes/toasts: na shledanou, na zdraví, na brzký návrat Blame/responsibility: je to na Petrovi, hodil to na něho

2. Time For a period of time: jsem tady na rok, na hodinu For events: na vánoce, na prázdniny, na dovolenou, na

olympiádu, na závody, přijít na třetí Set uses with time: na jaře, na podzim

Page 11: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Non-prepositional uses of NA

1. Part of adverbs nalevo, napravo, nahoře, nastálo, natrvalo, nadarmo, nadále, napilno, načisto,

najednou

2. Prefix of verbs upon: najít, nalít, namáhat se, nasypat, nadávat,

napadnout, nasmlouvat up (start): nalomit, nastartovat, nakousnout, napít se fill up (ingest): najíst se, napít se, naobědvat se, naplnit (se) to contentment: nachodit se, nazpívat se, nasmát se

3. Prefix of adjectives and nouns (NÁ) nápad, námitka, názor, nábytek, náhoda nábřeží, nároží, náboženství nápadný, náhlý nabídka, nadání, nakladatel

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Learners’ lab

Think of the sentence in your own language a draw a schema. The book is on the table. Peter lives in the square. We went to Moravia. John is in Hawaii. Karel is at the post office. I’m here for a week. I have these shoes for playing soccer. I’m looking for somebody for babysitting.

If you can, translate the sentences, and / or draw an appropriate schema.

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Learners’ lab (cont.)

Compare these sentences with your images: Kniha je na stole. Petr bydlí na náměstí. Jeli jsme na Moravu. John je na Havaji. Karel je na poště. Jsem tady na týden. Tyhle boty mám na fotbal. Hledám někoho na hlídání dětí.

Page 14: Prepositions in Czech

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Czech Prepositions Through Pictures

Learning tips

Learn the core spatial meaning of each preposition

Learn as many different uses of each preposition

Create an image for each use based on the core meaning

For abstract meanings link elements on both sides of the preposition to the original meaning