SalemSalem

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Salem, Massachusetts

Is a city in Is a city in Essex CountyEssex County, , MassachusettsMassachusetts, , United StatesUnited States. .

It and It and LawrenceLawrence are the are the county seats of of Essex County .Essex County .

Salem is a residential and tourist area Salem is a residential and tourist area which includes the neighbourhoods of which includes the neighbourhoods of Salem Neck, Salem was one of the most Salem Neck, Salem was one of the most significant seaports in early America.significant seaports in early America.

It has the first National Historic Site It has the first National Historic Site designated by Congress, designated by Congress, Salem Maritime National Historic SiteSalem Maritime National Historic Site , , which protects Salem's historic which protects Salem's historic waterfront.waterfront.

PuritansPuritans

A A PuritanPuritan of 16th and 17th-century of 16th and 17th-century England was an associate of any England was an associate of any number of religious groups number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of advocating for more "purity" of worship and doctrine, as well as worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans personal and group piety. Puritans felt that the felt that the English ReformationEnglish Reformation had had not gone far enough, and that the not gone far enough, and that the Church of EnglandChurch of England was tolerant of was tolerant of practices which they associated with practices which they associated with the the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church. Currently, the . Currently, the designation "Puritan" is often designation "Puritan" is often expanded to mean any very expanded to mean any very conservative Protestant, or even conservative Protestant, or even more broadly, to evangelicals. more broadly, to evangelicals.

Salem Witch Salem Witch TrialsTrials

The The Salem witch trialsSalem witch trials were a were a series of hearings before local series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county magistrates followed by county court trials to prosecute people court trials to prosecute people accused of accused of witchcraftwitchcraft in in EssexEssex, , SuffolkSuffolk, and , and MiddlesexMiddlesex counties of counties of colonial Massachusettscolonial Massachusetts, between , between February 1692 and May 1693.February 1692 and May 1693.

The Scarlet The Scarlet LetterLetter

((byby Nathaniel Nathaniel HawthorneHawthorne))

The Scarlet LetterThe Scarlet Letter (1850) is a novel (1850) is a novel written by written by Nathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne, , considered to be his "considered to be his "magnum opusmagnum opus".".

Based in 17th-century Based in 17th-century PuritanPuritan BostonBoston, , it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery gives birth after committing adultery and struggles to create a new life of and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores the novel, Hawthorne explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.

Nathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)1864)

He was born in Salem, Massachussets.He was born in Salem, Massachussets.His classmates His classmates included future included future

president Franklin Pierce and future president Franklin Pierce and future poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

Hawthorne anonymously published his Hawthorne anonymously published his first work.first work.

HHe became engaged to Sophia e became engaged to Sophia Peabody. Peabody.

Literary Style And ThemesLiterary Style And Themes

Hawthorne was predominantly a short Hawthorne was predominantly a short story writer in his early career.story writer in his early career.

One of his publishers, James Thomas One of his publishers, James Thomas Fields, was who convinced Hawthorne to Fields, was who convinced Hawthorne to turn turn The Scarlet LetterThe Scarlet Letter into a novel rather into a novel rather than a short story.than a short story.

His four major romances were written His four major romances were written between 1850 and 1860.between 1850 and 1860.

Many of his works are inspired by Puritan Many of his works are inspired by Puritan New England. New England.

NovelsNovels FanshaweFanshawe (published anonymously, 1828) (published anonymously, 1828) The Scarlet LetterThe Scarlet Letter (1850) (1850) The House of the Seven GablesThe House of the Seven Gables (1851) (1851) The Blithedale RomanceThe Blithedale Romance (1852) (1852) The Marble FaunThe Marble Faun (1860) (1860) The Dolliver RomanceThe Dolliver Romance (1863)(unfinished) (1863)(unfinished) Septimius Felton; or, the Elixir of LifeSeptimius Felton; or, the Elixir of Life (Published in the (Published in the

Atlantic Monthly, 1872)Atlantic Monthly, 1872) Doctor Grimshawe's Secret: A romanceDoctor Grimshawe's Secret: A romance (unfinished), with (unfinished), with

Preface and Notes by Julian Hawthorne (1882)Preface and Notes by Julian Hawthorne (1882)

Short Story CollectionShort Story Collection

Twice-Told TalesTwice-Told Tales (1837) (1837) Grandfather's ChairGrandfather's Chair (1840) (1840) Mosses from an Old ManseMosses from an Old Manse (1846) (1846) The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told TalesThe Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales

(1852)(1852) A Wonder-Book for Girls and BoysA Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852) (1852) Tanglewood TalesTanglewood Tales (1853) (1853) The Dolliver Romance and Other PiecesThe Dolliver Romance and Other Pieces (1876) (1876) The Great Stone Face and Other Tales of the The Great Stone Face and Other Tales of the

White MountainsWhite Mountains (1889) (1889) The Celestial Railroad and Other Short StoriesThe Celestial Railroad and Other Short Stories

Selected Short StoriesSelected Short Stories "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" (1832)"My Kinsman, Major Molineux" (1832) "Young Goodman Brown" (1835)"Young Goodman Brown" (1835) "The Gray Champion" (1835)"The Gray Champion" (1835) "The White Old Maid" (1835)"The White Old Maid" (1835) "The Ambitious Guest" (1835)"The Ambitious Guest" (1835) "The Minister's Black Veil" (1836)"The Minister's Black Veil" (1836) "The Man of Adamant" (1837)"The Man of Adamant" (1837) "The Maypole of Merry Mount" (1837)"The Maypole of Merry Mount" (1837) "The Great Carbuncle" (1837)"The Great Carbuncle" (1837) "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" (1837)"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" (1837) "A Virtuoso's Collection" (May 1842)"A Virtuoso's Collection" (May 1842) "The Birth-Mark" (March 1843)"The Birth-Mark" (March 1843) "Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent" (1843)"Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent" (1843) "The Artist of the Beautiful" (1844)"The Artist of the Beautiful" (1844) "Rappaccini's Daughter" (1844)"Rappaccini's Daughter" (1844) "P.'s Correspondence" (1845)"P.'s Correspondence" (1845) "Ethan Brand" (1850)"Ethan Brand" (1850) "Feathertop" (1852)"Feathertop" (1852)

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