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Global Studies Unit #6B
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Global StudiesGlobal StudiesUnit #6B – East Asia Unit #6B – East Asia
(China)(China)
Satellite View of ChinaSatellite View of ChinaSatellite View of ChinaSatellite View of China
China’s ProvincesChina’s ProvincesChina’s ProvincesChina’s Provinces
Monsoon Precipitation Monsoon Precipitation PatternsPatterns
Monsoon Precipitation Monsoon Precipitation PatternsPatterns
Winter MonsoonsWinter MonsoonsWinter MonsoonsWinter Monsoons
Summer MonsoonsSummer MonsoonsSummer MonsoonsSummer Monsoons
Summer RainfallSummer RainfallSummer RainfallSummer Rainfall
Agricultural Regions in Agricultural Regions in ChinaChina
Agricultural Regions in Agricultural Regions in ChinaChina
““Brown” China vs. Brown” China vs. “Green” China“Green” China
““Brown” China vs. Brown” China vs. “Green” China“Green” China
Rice DominantW
heat
Dom
inan
t
Pasture and Oasis
Double-crop rice
Top 10 Populated Top 10 Populated NationsNations
Top 10 Populated Top 10 Populated NationsNations
0 500 1000 1500
China
India
US
Indonesia
Brazil
Russia
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Japan
Nigeria
0 500 1000 1500
India
China
US
Pakistan
Indonesia
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Brazil
Congo
Ethiopia
2001 2050
Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization
Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization
The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley
CulturesCultures
The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley
CulturesCultures
““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”The Mandate of The Mandate of
HeavenHeavenThe Mandate of The Mandate of
HeavenHeaven
1.1.The leader must lead by ability The leader must lead by ability and and virtue. virtue.
2.2.The dynasty's leadership must The dynasty's leadership must be be justified by succeeding justified by succeeding generations.generations.
3.3.The mandate could be revoked The mandate could be revoked by by negligence and abuse; the will negligence and abuse; the will of of the people was important. the people was important.
TheDynastic
Cycle
TheDynastic
Cycle
A new dynasty
comes to power.
A new dynasty
comes to power.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Emperor isdefeated !!
Emperor isdefeated !!
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
Start here
551 – 479 B.C.E.
Born in the feudal state of Liu.
Became a teacher and editor of books.
ConfucianismConfucianism
• Everyone has duties and Everyone has duties and responsibilitiesresponsibilities
• Accept your position in lifeAccept your position in life
• Correct order in life will bring Correct order in life will bring stability (balance is key)stability (balance is key)
• Ruler’s responsibility was to provide Ruler’s responsibility was to provide good governmentgood government
• People’s responsibility was to be People’s responsibility was to be respectful and loyal subjectsrespectful and loyal subjects
TaoismTaoism
• Reject conflict and strife in everyday lifeReject conflict and strife in everyday life
• Seek to live in harmony with natureSeek to live in harmony with nature
• Simplicity in life and the virtue of yielding Simplicity in life and the virtue of yielding to outside pressureto outside pressure
• Greatest image:Water – yields to pressure, Greatest image:Water – yields to pressure, yet is an unstoppable force that causes yet is an unstoppable force that causes immense changesimmense changes
• Best government – one that governs leastBest government – one that governs least
LegalismLegalism• Youngest of the philosophies in Ancient ChinaYoungest of the philosophies in Ancient China• Sought to unite Confucianism with Taoism Sought to unite Confucianism with Taoism
under a strict code for behavior – only through under a strict code for behavior – only through a strict sense of loyalty and unity could peace a strict sense of loyalty and unity could peace and harmony with nature and self be achievedand harmony with nature and self be achieved
• Harsh rules – set down by harsh rulersHarsh rules – set down by harsh rulers• Government control of everything, down to the Government control of everything, down to the
smallest facet of everyday life (made great use smallest facet of everyday life (made great use of paper to get the word out)of paper to get the word out)
• Rulers greatest asset – ability to control the Rulers greatest asset – ability to control the people and provide stabilitypeople and provide stability
• Control and discipline brought unity and Control and discipline brought unity and harmonyharmony
Qin Dynasty: 221-206 B.C.Qin Dynasty: 221-206 B.C.
Established China’s first empireEstablished China’s first empire Legalist rule Legalist rule
– Bureaucratic administrationBureaucratic administration– Centralized controlCentralized control– Military expansionMilitary expansion– Book burnings Book burnings targeted targeted
ConfucianistsConfucianists• Buried protestors alive!Buried protestors alive!
Built large section of the Built large section of the Great WallGreat Wall
The Great Wall with Towers
The Great Wall with Towers
The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass
The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass
Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 ADHan Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 AD ““People of the Han” People of the Han” original Chinese original Chinese PaperPaper invented [105 BC] invented [105 BC]
Silk RoadSilk Road trade develops; improves life for trade develops; improves life for manymany
Buddhism introduced into ChinaBuddhism introduced into China Empire expanded into Central AsiaEmpire expanded into Central Asia
Trade Routes of the Ancients
Trade Routes of the Ancients
Song [Sung] Dynasty, Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279 BC960-1279 BC
Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.
Increased emphasis on education & cheaper Increased emphasis on education & cheaper availability of printed books.availability of printed books.
Magnetic compassMagnetic compass makes China a great makes China a great sea power! sea power!
The MONGOLS The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”][“Golden Horde”]
Temujin --> Temujin --> Genghis KhanGenghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”] [“Universal Ruler”]– 1162 - 1227 1162 - 1227 – from the from the steppesteppe [dry, grass-covered plains of [dry, grass-covered plains of
Central Asia]Central Asia]
The MONGOLS The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”][“Golden Horde”]
Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws:Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws:– If you do not pay homage, If you do not pay homage,
we will take your prosperity.we will take your prosperity.
– If you do not have prosperity, If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children.we will take your children.
– If you do not have children, If you do not have children, we will take your wife.we will take your wife.
– If you do not have a wife, If you do not have a wife, we will take your head.we will take your head.
Used cruelty as a weapon Used cruelty as a weapon some areas some areas never recovered from Mongol destruction!never recovered from Mongol destruction!
The Extent of the Mongol Empire
The Extent of the Mongol Empire
Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.1279-1368 C.E.
Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]– Pax MongolicaPax Mongolica [“Mongol [“Mongol
Peace”]Peace”]• Tolerated Chinese cultureTolerated Chinese culture
but lived apart from them. but lived apart from them. • Encouraged foreign trade & Encouraged foreign trade &
foreign merchants to live and foreign merchants to live and work in China.work in China. Marco Polo comes Marco Polo comes to Chinato China
Marco Polo Marco Polo (1254-1324)(1254-1324)
A Venetian merchant.A Venetian merchant.
Traveled through YuanTraveled through YuanChina: 1271-1295China: 1271-1295
– ““Black Stones” [coal]Black Stones” [coal]
– Gunpowder.Gunpowder.
– Noodles.Noodles.
China’s last native imperial dynasty!
The Forbidden City: China’s New CapitalThe Forbidden City: China’s New Capital
Revived the Civil Service Exams
Designed to find the “best” governmental officials
Revived the Civil Service Exams
Designed to find the “best” governmental officials
Ming Cultural Revolution
Ming Cultural Revolution
Printing & Literacy Cheap, popular
books: woodblock
printing. cheap paper.
Leads to explosion in literacy.
Leads to further popularization of the commercial market.
Culture & Art Increased
literacy leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things:
Literature. Painting. Ceramics. Opera.
Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 ADMing Dynasty, 1368-1644 ADGolden Age of Golden Age of
Chinese ArtChinese Art– ModerationModeration– SoftnessSoftness– GracefulnessGracefulness
Three different schools ofThree different schools ofpainting developed.painting developed.
Hundreds of thousands ofHundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theworkers constructed theForbidden CityForbidden City..
Admiral Zheng He Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)(Cheng Ho)
China’s “Columbus?”
Imperial China’s Impact on Imperial China’s Impact on HistoryHistory
Removed religion from morality.Removed religion from morality.
Beginnings of political philosophy Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.is legitimate.
Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven
Secular law.Secular law.
Valued history Valued history The Dynastic CycleThe Dynastic Cycle
The People’s The People’s Republic of ChinaRepublic of China
The People’s The People’s Republic of ChinaRepublic of China
Reasons for the Reasons for the Communists’ Communists’
SuccessSuccess
Reasons for the Reasons for the Communists’ Communists’
SuccessSuccess► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
► Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.
Communist China Communist China Under MaoUnder Mao
Communist China Communist China Under MaoUnder Mao
► Industrialized China► Increased literacy► Class privileges ended► Rural Chinese received health care► One-party dictatorship► Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet
Communist China Communist China Under MaoUnder Mao
Communist China Communist China Under MaoUnder Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place► Schools shut down – students revolted► Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers
With regard to the great teacher With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word Chairman Mao, cherish the word
'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the
word 'Usefullness'. word 'Usefullness'. (1968)(1968)
With regard to the great teacher With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word Chairman Mao, cherish the word
'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the
word 'Usefullness'. word 'Usefullness'. (1968)(1968)
Cult of Personality
The reddest, reddest, red sun in our The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us heart, Chairman Mao, and us
togethertogetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, Soldiers Art Academy collective,
19681968
The reddest, reddest, red sun in our The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us heart, Chairman Mao, and us
togethertogetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, Soldiers Art Academy collective,
19681968
Mao’s Little Red
Book
Propaganda PosterPropaganda PosterChina in the New China in the New
AgeAge
Propaganda PosterPropaganda PosterChina in the New China in the New
AgeAge
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
More democracy!
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
One Lone Man’s Protest
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Student Leaders Are Arrested
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead