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Comparing Latin American Economies
Mexico, Brazil, & Cuba
Unit 6 Notes
Foreign Exchange Rates
The price of 1 country’s currency compared to another…– 1 US dollar = 11 Mexican pesos– 1 US dollar = 1.8 Brazilian reals– 1 US dollar = .92 Cuban pesos
United Mexican States
3 Economic Questions…What to Produce?– Businesses decide and government approves/denies it
How to produce it?– Businesses decide & government regulates procedures
For whom to produce?– Businesses decide based on supply & demand (price)
Which economic system does Mexico have?…
Mexico’s Economic System
Mexico has a Mixed economic system, that is closer to market than command.
Mexico’s Natural Resources
What’s available?– petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc,
natural gas, timber
Mexico’s Land Use
What percentage of the land is arable (capable of being farmed)?– 12.66%
Mexico’s Industries
What’s being produced in the factories?– food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and
steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables,
– Tourism is also a major industry in Mexico.
Mexico’s Literacy Rate
What percentage of people over the age of 15 can read and write?– 91%
How long are students required to stay in school?– 13 years
Mexico’s Unemployment Rate
What percentage of people do not have jobs?– 4.1% (however, only 61.1% of people
working age have a job)
What percentage of people live in poverty?– 18.5%
Mexico’s GDP
$1.578 trillion (2008)
GDP Per Capita--What is the value of goods and services produced per person?– $14,400 (2008)
Federative Republic of Brazil
3 Economic Questions…What to Produce?– Businesses decide and government approves/denies
it
How to produce it?– Businesses decide & government regulates
procedures
For whom to produce?– Businesses decide based on supply & demand (price)
Which economic system does Brazil have?…
Brazil’s Economic System
Brazil has a Mixed economic system
Brazil’s Natural Resources
What’s available?– bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel,
phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
Brazil’s Land Use
What percentage of the land is arable (capable of being farmed)?– 6.9%
Brazil’s Industries
What’s being produced in the factories?– textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber,
iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment
Brazil’s Literacy Rate
What percentage of people over the age of 15 can read and write?– 88.6%
How long are students required to stay in school?– 14 years
Brazil’s Unemployment Rate
What percentage of people do not have jobs?– 8%
What percentage of people live in poverty?– 22%
Brazil’s GDP
$2.03 trillion (2008)
GDP Per Capita--What is the value of goods and services produced per person?– $10,300 (2007)
Republic of Cuba
3 Economic Questions…What to Produce?– Government makes all economic decisions
How to produce it?– Government decides how to make goods/services
For whom to produce?– Whoever the government decides to give them to
Which economic system does Cuba have?…
Cuba’s Economic System
Cuba has a Command economic system
Cuba’s Natural Resources
What’s available?– cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper,
salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land
Cuba’s Land Use
What percentage of the land is arable (capable of being farmed)?– 27.63%
Cuba’s Industries
What’s being produced in the factories?– sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction,
nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals
Cuba’s Literacy Rate
What percentage of people over the age of 15 can read and write?– 99.8%
How long are students required to stay in school?– 16 years
Cuba’s Unemployment Rate
What percentage of people do not have jobs?– 1.8%
Cuba’s GDP
$144.6 billion (2008)
GDP Per Capita--What is the value of goods and services produced per person?– $12,700 (2008)
Canada’s Economy
What do you like on a Sundae?
What toppings do you like on an ice cream sundae?– Plain Vanilla?
– Or absolutely everything (and I mean everything)?
OR…
What do you like on a Sundae?
Chances are, you were somewhere between plain and everything.– When discussing economies, most countries
are somewhere in between too.
When a country is not completely a command economy and not completely a market economy, but somewhere in between, it is called a Mixed Economy.
Most countries lie somewhere in between-However, they may be closer to one
side than the other
Review Types of Economies1. Which type of economy lets businesses do whatever they want?
2. Which economy has the government making all the decisions?
3. Which economy do most countries have?
3 Economic Questions…
What to Produce?– Businesses decide and government approves/denies it
How to produce it?– Businesses decide & government regulates
procedures
For whom to produce?– Businesses decide based on supply & demand (price)
Which economic system does Canada have?…
Canada’s Economic System
Canada has a Mixed economic system– It’s actually pretty close to a Market economy;
however, there is some government regulation among industries
– It does have Free Enterprise (competition between businesses)
Canada is economically strong!
Mixed EconomyCanada is a mixed economy, but it is closer to market than command
Canada’s Foreign Exchange Rate
The price of 1 country’s currency compared to another…– 1 US dollar = 1.01 Canadian dollars– 1 US dollar = .75 EU euros– 1 Canadian dollar = .7501 EU euros
What does this mean?– The US economy is a little stronger than
Canada’s; however, the economy of the European Union is stronger than both!
Canada’s Natural Resources
What’s available?– Minerals like: iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper,
gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, and silver,
– fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectric power
Canada’s Land Use
What percentage of the land is arable (capable of being farmed)?– 5% (only in Southern Canada; Northern Canada’s
terrain is permafrost!)– This is actually a large amount, considering Canada
is the world’s 2nd largest country
What are the major agricultural products?– Wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables,
dairy products, forest products, fish
Canada’s Industries
What’s being produced in the factories?
– Transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas
Which country is Canada’s biggest trading partner?
Exports: US 77.7%, UK 2.7%, Japan 2.3%Imports: US 52.4%, China 9.8%, Mexico 4.1%
Canada’s Literacy Rate
What percentage of people over the age of 15 can read and write?– 99%
How long are students required to stay in school?– 17 years
Canada’s Unemployment Rate
What percentage of people do not have jobs?– 8.3%
What percentage of people live in poverty?– 10.8%
Canada’s GDP
$1.336 trillion (2009)– 15th in the world
GDP Per Capita--What is the value of goods and services produced per person?– $38,100 (2009)
4 Factors That Effect Canada’s GDP
Human Capital: Canada is investing in education & training (check out literacy rate!)Capital Goods: Canada is investing in new technology & building new factoriesAbundant Natural ResourcesEntrepreneurship
North American Free Trade Agreement
Signed by the US, Canada, & Mexico in the mid-1990sEliminated trade barriers between the 3 countriesFree Trade between the 3 countriesHow has it affected Canada’s economy?– It eliminated trade barriers with US & Mexico, and
allows them to trade more freely at a better cost
Canada’s Economic ProblemsUnemployment & poverty
Over-depletion of natural resources
Acid rain from factories near Great Lakes region is destroying timber resources
Improving public services (which forces the country to raise taxes)
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