View
1.714
Download
8
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Switching Voltage RegulatorGroup 17
Jeffrey LittleTaylor CaggianoIvan Bercovich
ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Progress Report
•Block Diagram•Description•Individual Responsibilities•Functionality•Specifications•Power Issues•Summary
3ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Block Diagram
Reference Voltage: Adjustable voltage set by the 13V supply and a 50k potentiometer. Input to the Error Amp and compared with the feedback.
ErrorAmp: Linear amplifier made with a 741 Op Amp with a Gain of 50V/V. Outputs an Error Voltage that determines the duty cycle of the pulse input to the switch.
Comparator: Compares the Error Voltage to a triangle wave (32 kHz oscillator). Produces a pulse train with a duty cycle proportional to the error. Responsible for turning the switch on and off.
Switch: BJT Configuration (Sziklai Pair)- Turned on and off at the rhythm specified by the output pulse from the comparator. Allows current to flow to the output.
Filter: Maintains continuous voltage at output. Inductor assures a constant current flow and capacitor filters 32kHz switching frequency.
Feedback: Feeds the output voltage to the Error Amp to be compared with the reference.
4ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Individual Responsibilities
Jeffrey Little•Oscillator & Pulse Width Modulation Design •Oscillator & PWM Construction•Debug•Pre-design planning, Division
Taylor Caggiano•Filter & Feedback Design •Filter & Feedback Construction•Debug•Slides for Final Demonstration •Report Ivan Bercovich •Switch Design •Switch Construction•Debug•Integration Analyst•Progress Report Slides
5ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Error Amplifier
From Feedback
From ReferenceTo Comparator
The gain of the linear amplifier is defined by a resistor ratio. In our case, we are using 50K (light) and 1K (dark) resistors in order to get a 50 V/V gain
6ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
From Analog Devices Application Note
7ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Oscillator741 Op Amp used as an integrator.
Comparator used to generate square wave by hitting the negative and positive rails.
Frequency is defined by RC:Where Vs is the amplitude of the wave and Vp is the positive supply.
8ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Switch
“Sziklai Pair” BJT Configuration•Uses a NPN and PNP to supply more current •Current supplied is the product gain of the two
transistors
9ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
ƒripple ≈ ƒtriangle_wave.
Therefore, we can pick C so that most of the AC noise is forwarded to ground.
Description (Switching)
10ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Duty Cycle = THIGH/T≈ Vo
Functionality
11ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Ripple
Ripple at the Output with .56 µF Capacitor at Output
Ripple at the Output with 680µF Capacitor at Output
12ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
DEMONSTRATE FUNCTIONALITY
13ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Specifications
Adjustable between 1.85V and 11.5V at full load.
Capable of sourcing 145mA over all range.
Output voltage ripple 30mV
Low dynamic output resistance.
Efficiency 50% @ 2V -> 84% @ 11.5V
Voltages adjustable between 2 and 10 V.
Capable of sourcing 120mA over full voltage range.
Low output voltage ripple (<50mV)
Low dynamic output resistance.
Efficiency 50%, η=(Power Supplied to the load)/(Total Power Consumed)
14ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Progress Report
15ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Summary
•Pulse Width Modulation Design•Goal: Creating a pulse train with a duty cycle that depends on the input voltage.
•Filter Circuitry•Goal: Choose appropriate Capacitor value for the specified 1.1mH inductor. Achieving required ripple spec.
•Note: Calculated capacitor value is much smaller than actual.
•Switch•Goal: Ensure total ON and OFF switching in response to pulses. Transistor must be able to handle current and voltage required.
•Note: “Sziklai Pair” Method Implemented to increase current gain.
•Switch Driver & Feedback Loop•Goal: Add protection diode and filter and see output voltage vary respectively with input to
PWM. Connect feedback.
•Efficiency Measures•Goal: Measure in appropriate locations for accurate calculations. Measure ripple.
•Note: Measure after supply filtering and at both ends of the voltage spec.
16ECE 324 Term Project – Little, Caggiano, Bercovich
Recommended