+ Peripheral Nervous System. + PERIPHRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PNS LIES OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM...

Peripheral Nervous System

+PERIPHRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

PNS LIES OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

COMOSED OF NERVES NERVES = BUNDLES OF AXONS WE CALL THEM NERVE FIBERS

SENSORY FIBERS CARRY INFORMATION TO THE CNS

MOTOR FIBRS CARR INFORMATION AWAY FROM THE CNS

Fig. 17.15abundle of

nerve fibers

single nerve fiber

+Cranial Nerves

Humans have 12 pairs of cranial nerves attached to the brain Some of these nerves bring information from the sense

organs to the brain other cranial nerves control muscles other cranial nerves are connected to glands or internal

organs such as the heart and lungs.

+Cranial Nerves

+Spinal Nerves

Spinal Nerves 31 pairs Emerge from openings between vertebral column and spinal

Dorsal root (back) Contains sensory fibers that conduct impulses toward the

spinal cord Dorsal Root gangilon

Cell body Ventral root (front)

Contains motor fibers that conduct impulses away from the spinal cord

spinalnerve

dorsalroot

ventralroot

dorsal rootganglion

PNS divided into 2 parts Somatic system Autonomic system

+Somatic Nervous System

responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the CNS

Responsible for all voluntary muscle movements and processing sensory information (hearing, touch, sight)

Made up of nerves that connect to skin, sensory organs and skeletal muscles

+Autonomic Nervous System

regulates the functions of our internal organs like the heart, stomach and intestines.

We are often unaware of the ANS because it functions involuntary and reflexively For example, we do not notice when blood vessels change

size or when our heart beats faster.

2 divisions Sympathetic Parasympathetic

The ANS is most important in two situations: In emergencies that cause stress and require us to "fight"

or take "flight" (run away) In non-emergencies that allow us to "rest" and "digest."

+Sympathetic Division

It is a nice, sunny day...you are taking a nice walk in the park.

Suddenly, an angry bear appears in your path.

Do you stay and fight OR do you turn and run away? These are "Fight or Flight" responses.

In these types of situations, your sympathetic nervous system is called into action - it uses energy - your blood pressure increases, your heart beats faster, and digestion slows down.

+Parasympathetic Division

It is a nice, sunny day...you are taking a nice walk in the park.

This time, however, you decide to relax in comfortable chair that you have brought along.

This calls for "Rest and Digest" responses. Now is the time for the parasympathetic nervous to work to save energy

This is when blood pressure can decrease, pulse rate can slow, and digestion can start.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QY9NTVh-Awo

+ Peripheral Nervous System. + PERIPHRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PNS LIES OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM...

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