15.2: The Early Cold War Years. A. Containing Communism 1. The Long Telegram a.Kennans view...

15.2:15.2:The Early Cold War YearsThe Early Cold War Years

A. Containing CommunismA. Containing Communism

1. The Long Telegram1. The Long Telegrama.a. Kennan’s view Kennan’s view

explaining Russia’s explaining Russia’s insecurities to a insecurities to a struggle between struggle between communism and communism and capitalismcapitalism

b.b. Therefore, Therefore, “containment” “containment” became the US’s became the US’s foreign policy stanceforeign policy stance

G. Kennan: US Ambassador to G. Kennan: US Ambassador to the Soviet Unionthe Soviet Union

ContainmentContainment

B. Iran CrisisB. Iran Crisis1.1. Soviets do not leave Soviets do not leave

Northern Iran after Northern Iran after WWIIWWII

2.2. Stalin wanted oil Stalin wanted oil supplies from Iransupplies from Iran

3.3. Created separate Created separate Communist govt in N. Communist govt in N. IranIran

4.4. US demands forces US demands forces to leave Iranto leave Iran

The Truman Doctrine & Marshall PlanThe Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan

Read the primary source and analyze Read the primary source and analyze the graph on page 539. Then, answer the graph on page 539. Then, answer the following questions and add them the following questions and add them

to your notes.to your notes.1.1.What did the Truman Doctrine state?What did the Truman Doctrine state?2.2.Explain the Marshall Plan.Explain the Marshall Plan.3.3.According to the graph, which countries According to the graph, which countries received the most aid from the plan? Why?received the most aid from the plan? Why?

C. Truman DoctrineC. Truman Doctrine

1.1. Assist countries in Assist countries in helping prevent helping prevent communism from communism from entering their entering their bordersborders

2.2. Started with Started with Greece and Greece and TurkeyTurkey

D. The Marshall PlanD. The Marshall Plan

1.1. US will give aid to US will give aid to those European those European countries needing to countries needing to rebuild their rebuild their economieseconomies

2.2. SU and satellite SU and satellite nations refused helpnations refused help

3.3. Western Europe’s Western Europe’s recovery decreased recovery decreased appeal for appeal for communismcommunism

Operation “Vittles” & NATOOperation “Vittles” & NATO

E. Berlin Airlift E. Berlin Airlift

1.1. West Germany and West Germany and West Berlin united = West Berlin united = Federal Rep. of Federal Rep. of GermanyGermany

2.2. Stalin orders blockade Stalin orders blockade of West Berlin in of West Berlin in protestprotest

3. Goal for US: to fly in 3. Goal for US: to fly in food and supplies into food and supplies into West Berlin; West Berlin; 3 min3 min

4. Stalin sees blockade 4. Stalin sees blockade

ineffective; calls it offineffective; calls it off

F. NATOF. NATO

1.1. Formed a defensive Formed a defensive military alliancemilitary alliance

2.2. Peacetime military Peacetime military alliance alliance

3.3. 11stst time US time US committed to committed to maintaining peace in maintaining peace in EuropeEurope

G. Warsaw PactG. Warsaw Pact1.1. Stalin develops the Warsaw Pact in response to Stalin develops the Warsaw Pact in response to

NATONATO2.2. Military alliance for his Eastern Europe satellite Military alliance for his Eastern Europe satellite

nationsnations

15.2: The Korean War15.2: The Korean WarUnited States gets involved in the United States gets involved in the Korean War due to communism Korean War due to communism

spreading in East Asiaspreading in East Asia

A. The Chinese Revolution:A. The Chinese Revolution:A Civil War b/4 & after WWIIA Civil War b/4 & after WWII

1. Chiang Kai-Shek: Kai-Shek: Nationalist LeaderNationalist Leader

a. Supported by US w/$2B

b. Lost support = fled to Taiwan

2. Mao Zedong2. Mao ZedongCommunistCommunist

a.a.Supported by Chinese peopleSupported by Chinese peopleb.b.Seized power in 1949Seized power in 1949c.c.Friends w/SUFriends w/SUd.d.Not recognized in UN; SU Not recognized in UN; SU boycotts UNboycotts UN

B. TheB. TheKoreanKorean

WarWar

Why the Why the division?division?

What do both leaders have in common?What do both leaders have in common?

North KoreaNorth Korea– Democratic Democratic

People’s Republic of People’s Republic of KoreaKorea

– Dictator/Comm.Dictator/Comm.– Leader: Kim Il SungLeader: Kim Il Sung*Believed ruled all of *Believed ruled all of

KoreaKorea

South KoreaSouth Korea– Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea– Dem./capitalismDem./capitalism– Leader: RheeLeader: Rhee*Believed ruled all of *Believed ruled all of

KoreaKorea

2. Truman sends in the troops2. Truman sends in the troops

a.a. North attacks the North attacks the SouthSouth

b.b. UN agrees on UN agrees on military actionmilitary action

c.c. SU boycotting = SU boycotting = doesn’t votedoesn’t vote

d.d. US troops in Japan US troops in Japan moved to S. Koreamoved to S. Korea

3.3. The North Attacks the The North Attacks the SouthSouth

4.4. MacArthur’s strategy MacArthur’s strategy = hero= hero

5.5. China enters = US China enters = US pushed back to 38pushed back to 38thth parallelparallel

6. Stalemate6. Stalemate

a. Truman vs. MacArthur…a. Truman vs. MacArthur…i.i. Public criticism of Pres. Public criticism of Pres.

TrumanTrumanii.ii. Wants to invade ChinaWants to invade Chinaiii.iii. ““You’re fired!”You’re fired!”iv.iv. Truman wanted limited Truman wanted limited

war = limited objectivewar = limited objectiveb. Korean war ends in b. Korean war ends in

stalemate…stalemate…– 3838thth parallel still divides parallel still divides

Korea todayKorea today

China’s involvementChina’s involvement