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8/3/2019 45835181 Nosocomial Infection
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Nosocomial infection
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
DAVV
ASSIGNMENT OF
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ONNOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:Dr.BHAVYA CHATURVEDI AARUSHI
FACULTY NUPUR BHATNAGAR
IMS POOJA GUPTA
PRIYA TIWARI
BBA{HA} 5TH SEM
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Outlines
What is meant by nosocomial infections?
Methods of transmission of nosocomial infections.
Which bacteria can cause nosocomial infections?
What are the sites of nosocomial infections?
Problems of nosocomial infections.
Control & prevention
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Nosocomial infection
What is meant by Nosocomial infection?
It is hospital-acquired infection.
It comes from two Greek words:
1-(Nous) means : Disease.
2-(Komeion)means: To take care of.
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Nosocomial infection
Definition cont
These infections appear:
- 48 hours or more after hospital admission.
- Within 30 days after discharge.
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Nosocomial infection
Methods of transmission
Contact transmission.
Droplet transmission.
Airborne transmission.
Common vehicle transmission.
Vector borne transmission.
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Nosocomial infection
Contact transmission
The most common method & it has two types:
Direct-contact transmission.
- Physical transfer of microorganisms
between the host and infected person.
Indirect-contact transmission.
- contact of the host with a contaminatedintermediate object
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Nosocomial infection
Methods of transmission cont
Droplet transmission.- Germs from droplets deposit on the hosts body.
Airborne transmission.
- Droplets from the patient remain
suspended in air for along period of time.
- Dust particles contain the infectious agent.
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Nosocomial infection
Methods of transmission cont
Common vehicle transmission.
Vector borne transmission.
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Nosocomial infection
Bacteria causing nosocomial infection
Gram-positive bacteria:
1- Staphylococcus aureus:
2- Enterococci:
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Nosocomial infection
Bacteria cont
Gram-negative bacteria:1- E-coli:
2- Enteric gram negative rods:
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Nosocomial infection
Bacteria cont
3- Coagulase-negative staphylococci:
4- Pseudomonas aeruginosa :
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Nosocomial infection
Factors predisposing a patient to nosocomial
infections:
Immunodeficiency.
Chronic pulmonary disease.
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Nosocomial infection
Factors cont
Patients treatment.
Recurrent blood transfusion.
Chronic anaemia.
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Nosocomial infection
Sites of nosocomial infection
Urinary tact infection.
Surgical site infection.
Nosocomial pneumonia.
Bacteraemia.
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Nosocomial infection
Sites cont
Urinary tact infection.
- The most common site for nosocomial infections.
- Symptoms: Doudy offensive urine.
Nosocomial pneumonia.
- Occurs especially in patients depend on
ventilators in intensive care units.
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Nosocomial infection
Sites cont
Surgical site infection.
- Usually acquired during the operation itself.
- The main risk factor is: The extent of contamination during
the surgery.
Bacter
aemi
a.
- Occasionally , Bacteria infecting urinary
tract invade the blood stream to cause
septicemia.
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Nosocomial infection
Problems of nosocomial infection
Prolong ofhospitalization.
Nosocomial infections are costly.
Many countries spend much money :
- USA: 4.5 billion dollars per year.
- England: 3.6 million pounds per year.
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Nosocomial infection
Problems cont
Delaying wound healing.
Delaying rehabilitation.
Causing mortality.
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Nosocomial infection
Problems cont
Increasing exposure to antimicrobial therapy and itspotential adverse effects.
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Nosocomial infection
prevention
Handwashing.
Cleaning surrounding environment.
- Sterilization of equipments used in the hospital .
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Nosocomial infection
Prevention cont
Gloves
Aprons.
- Play an important role in reducing risk of transmission of
microorganisms.
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Nosocomial infection
Prevention cont
Patient isolation.prevent transmission of microorganisms from patient to
other patients , health-care workers & visitors.
Vaccination ofhealth care workers.
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Nosocomial infection
Control of nosocomial infection
Controlling nosocomial pneumonia.
Controlling surgical wounds infection.
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Nosocomial infection
Control cont
Controlling blood stream infection.
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Nosocomial infection
Thank You
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