45835181 Nosocomial Infection

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Nosocomial infection

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

DAVV

ASSIGNMENT OF

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ONNOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:Dr.BHAVYA CHATURVEDI AARUSHI

FACULTY NUPUR BHATNAGAR

IMS POOJA GUPTA

PRIYA TIWARI

BBA{HA} 5TH SEM


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Outlines

What is meant by nosocomial infections?

Methods of transmission of nosocomial infections.

Which bacteria can cause nosocomial infections?

What are the sites of nosocomial infections?

Problems of nosocomial infections.

Control & prevention


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What is meant by Nosocomial infection?

It is hospital-acquired infection.

It comes from two Greek words:

1-(Nous) means : Disease.

2-(Komeion)means: To take care of.


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Definition cont

These infections appear:

- 48 hours or more after hospital admission.

- Within 30 days after discharge.


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Methods of transmission

Contact transmission.

Droplet transmission.

Airborne transmission.

Common vehicle transmission.

Vector borne transmission.


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Contact transmission

The most common method & it has two types:

Direct-contact transmission.

- Physical transfer of microorganisms

between the host and infected person.

Indirect-contact transmission.

- contact of the host with a contaminatedintermediate object


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Methods of transmission cont

Droplet transmission.- Germs from droplets deposit on the hosts body.

Airborne transmission.

- Droplets from the patient remain

suspended in air for along period of time.

- Dust particles contain the infectious agent.


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Methods of transmission cont

Common vehicle transmission.

Vector borne transmission.


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Bacteria causing nosocomial infection

Gram-positive bacteria:

1- Staphylococcus aureus:

2- Enterococci:


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Bacteria cont

Gram-negative bacteria:1- E-coli:

2- Enteric gram negative rods:


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Bacteria cont

3- Coagulase-negative staphylococci:

4- Pseudomonas aeruginosa :


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Factors predisposing a patient to nosocomial

infections:

Immunodeficiency.

Chronic pulmonary disease.


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Factors cont

Patients treatment.

Recurrent blood transfusion.

Chronic anaemia.


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Sites of nosocomial infection

Urinary tact infection.

Surgical site infection.

Nosocomial pneumonia.

Bacteraemia.


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Sites cont

Urinary tact infection.

- The most common site for nosocomial infections.

- Symptoms: Doudy offensive urine.

Nosocomial pneumonia.

- Occurs especially in patients depend on

ventilators in intensive care units.


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Sites cont

Surgical site infection.

- Usually acquired during the operation itself.

- The main risk factor is: The extent of contamination during

the surgery.

Bacter

aemi

a.

- Occasionally , Bacteria infecting urinary

tract invade the blood stream to cause

septicemia.


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Problems of nosocomial infection

Prolong ofhospitalization.

Nosocomial infections are costly.

Many countries spend much money :

- USA: 4.5 billion dollars per year.

- England: 3.6 million pounds per year.


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Problems cont

Delaying wound healing.

Delaying rehabilitation.

Causing mortality.


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Problems cont

Increasing exposure to antimicrobial therapy and itspotential adverse effects.


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prevention

Handwashing.

Cleaning surrounding environment.

- Sterilization of equipments used in the hospital .


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Prevention cont

Gloves

Aprons.

- Play an important role in reducing risk of transmission of

microorganisms.


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Prevention cont

Patient isolation.prevent transmission of microorganisms from patient to

other patients , health-care workers & visitors.

Vaccination ofhealth care workers.


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Control of nosocomial infection

Controlling nosocomial pneumonia.

Controlling surgical wounds infection.


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Control cont

Controlling blood stream infection.


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Thank You

Documents

45835181 Nosocomial Infection