6219181382004_callofzion_040719_112401

ZIONthestoiy1

first welshmormon

emigration

publications COMPANIONRELIGIOUS STUDIES CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES

NIBLEY TIMELY TIMELESSclassic essays hugh W nibley

DEITY DEATHselected symposium papers

edited introduction SpencespencerrjJ palmer

GLORY GOD intelligencefour lectures role intellect judaism

jacob neusner

reflections MORMONISMjudanojudaeo christian parallels

edited introductory essay truman G madsen

literature BELIEFsacred scripture religious experienceedited preface neal E lambert

WORDS JOSEPH SMITHcontemporary accounts nauvoo discourses

compiled edited andrew F ehat lyndon W cook

BOOK MORMON authorshipnew light ancient origins

edited introduction noel B reynolds

MORMONS MUSLIMSspiritual foundations modern manifestationsedited introduction SpencespencerrjJ palmer

TEMPLE ANTIQUITYancient records modern perspectives

edited introductory essay truman G madsen

ISAIAH PROPHETSinspired voices old testament

edited introduction monte nyman

scriptures MODERN WORLDedited paul R cheesman C wilfred griggs

JOSEPH SMITH translationrestoration PLAIN PRECIOUS THINGSedited monte nyman robert L millet

apocryphal WRITINGS LATTERDAYLATTER DAY SAINTSedited C wilfred griggs

preface noel B reynolds

publications RELIGIOUS STUDIES CENTERspecialized MONOGRAPH SERIES

supporting SAINTSLIFE STORIES nineteenth CENTURY MORMONS

edited introduction donald Q cannon david J whittaker

CALL ZIONSTORY FIRST WELSH MORMON emigration

written translated ronald D dennis

RELIGIOUS STUDIES CENTERBRIGHAM YOUNG university

general director robert J matthewsassociate general director donald Q cannonassistant general director kent brown

directors

bible richard lloyd andersondoctrine covenants larry E dahl

ancient studies C wilfred griggsbook mormon monte nyman

pearl great price H donl peterson

advisory committee

robert J matthews chairmanstan L albrechttodd britsch

departmental advisers

monte nymankeith W perkins

george horton jr

fhe storyfirst welsh

mormonenemigrationmigrationigration

ronald D dennis

volume tworeligious studies center

specialized monograph series

religious studies centerbrigham young university

provo utah

brigham young university

rights reserved

library congress catalog card number 87 70665ISBN 0 8849488494628628 2

first printing 1987

produced distributedBOOKCRAFTsalt lake city utah

printed united states america

contents

illustrations ix

preface xax1xi

gather zion 1

swansea liverpool 7

board buena vista 16

crossing hartley 31

buena vista constitutionnew orleans st louis 36

cholera missouri river 42

new orleans council bluffshartley group 47

council bluffs off water 51

council bluffs salt lake city1849 56

valley 65

council bluffs salt lake valley1852 69

conclusion 78

viii contents

notes 78

appendix alphabetized list buena vistahartley welsh passengers 82

appendix B categorized informationbuena vista passengers 86

appendix C categorized informationhartley passengers 92

appendix D biographical sketches 106

appendix E translated documentssection own table contents 122

works cited 241.241241

illustrations

hartley 32

new orleans frederick piercy 37

st louis frederick piercy 40.4040

council bluffs ferry frederick piercy 52

devils gate frederick piercy 75great salt lake city 1853 frederick piercy 76

david D bowen h73 94.9494morgan david bowen h20 94.9494

william clark h40 94.9494

daniel daniels bv128 94.9494

thomas daniels bv130 95

ann david h15 gyoy95.95

elizabeth david hlahl4h14 95gy95.95

emma david h17 95gy95.95

hannah david high16 96gg.9696morgan david h12 96

rachel david h18 96george davis h68 96gg.9696

thomas davis jr h65 97.9797thomas davis sr h62 9797.97

mary evans bv171 97.9797phoebe evans bv51 97.9797margaret francis bv166 98.9898sarah giles bv132 98morgan hughes bv111 98.9898sarah jeremy bvmbv1bv15454 98.9898thomas jeremy BVbv15315 3 99gg.9999

dan jones bilbvlbv1 99gg.9999

x illustrationsd

mary jones bvmbv1bv155 99william lewis bv66 99thomas mathias bv133 100edward morgan bv12 100william morgan bv10 100isaac nash bv49 I1 100owen owens h48 101

caleb parry bv216 101

catherine parry bv217BV217 1011

john parry bv67 101

david peters h33 102

lowry laura peters h34 102

sarah peters h38 102

john davis rees bv226 102mary rees bv227 103owen roberts h37 10103105

benjamin rowland bv19 I1 103

job rowland bv16 103

eliza thomas bv146BV 146 104rees thomas bv99 104

samuel thomas bv145 101044jane treharne bv116 104104lodiodmary treharne bv115BV 115 105sage treharne bv118 105

sarah treharne bv117 105

william treharne bv119 1051

preface

monday 26 february 1849 day great significancehistory welsh mormonscormonsMormons day 249 them

set sail buena vista waterloo dock liverpoolhomeward zion actually seventy sevenwelsh converts mormonism paid passage travel

buena vista these however wait untilweek later leave britain left board hartley

ship contained 161 english scottish convertswell

although few welsh mormonscormons gone americaindividual basis introduction missionary

effort wales 1840 those sailed buena vistahartley constituted first collective emigration

among welsh convertsfondest wish these first fruits three

thousand brothers sisters faith remainedwales soon join them salt lake valley where

live peace harmony far animositypersecution received nonbeliev-

ing compatriots desperately wanted sea voyageland trek perfect every way success

offer encouragement others follow themthus letters sent back wales church leaderswithout exception enthusiastic optimistic almostpoint being suspect captain dan jones author

letters concerning migration made even funeralheld sea sound attractive hardships minimizedconflicts brushed aside while primary focus placed

positive adventurous spiritual aspectsjourney

joness letters together those thomas jeremywilliam morgan offer extensive documentation

crossing buena vista hartley among best

xiixit preface

crossing mormon emigrants great britainthese letters almost totally ignored mormonhistorians writers penned them welshletters extensive writings rendered mute

welsh speaking historian rare breed countrywhat began me casual interest my own welsh

mormon ancestors eventually developed fascinationhistory welsh mormonscormons general overcoming

language obstacle far greater task I1 originallythought reward being able inject lifeonce meaningless pages amply justified effort

my objective book topresentpresentcopresent detailed accountthese sons ofgomergomer inhabitants hills cambria

time made decision seek rest zionschambers until marched proudly salt lake valley

appendix contains alphabetized list 326 welshemigrants board buena vista hartley

appendixes B C combine passenger list informationemigrants information gleaned numerous

sourcesappendix D series biographical sketches many

emigrantsappendix E contains english translations complete

texts thirty items originally written welsh twenty threeletters four poems three periodical articles dealingdirectly 1849 crossing separate table contents

appendix E lists reference number underentire text may found indicated following quotation

TD translated documents tdatd7td7j examplemean item 7 appendix E full text

danjonessdan joness 28 april 1849 letter tojohncojohnjohn davis quota-tions welsh english documentsentire text provided indicated abbreviationtrans translations mine

I1 like thank D L davies cwmamanCwmaman walesoffering valuable suggestions I1 wish express apprecia-tion linda hunter adams college humanitiespublications center BYU help editorial skills

gather zion

first mormon missionaries assigned waleshenry royle frederick cook began proselytenorth wales october 1840 months earlier others

preaching english counties border walesthese missionaries well gonewelsh villages street meeting two

first missionary assigned heartland waleswilliam henshaw went directly cosmopolitan merthyrtydfil burgeoning town recently becomeindustrial center wales knowledge welshlanguage henshaw proclaim message english

hope understand 19 february 1843baptized first converts william davis family during

following three years henshaw established several branchesglamorgan monmouth branches membership

totaling nearly five hundred membersdecember 1845 captain danjonesvanjonesdan jones called preside

welsh mormonscormonsMormons went down merthyr tydfilhaving spent previous year unproductive

north wales next decade feisty somewhatflamboyant mariner having exchanged ships deckpreachers pulpit central figure welshmormondom

born north wales 18181010 dan jones went seaage seventeen following ten years spent

life away wales shortly marriedjanemarried jane melling1837 took america where became american

citizen operated steamboat mississippi riverwhile captain little steamer maid iowa

first heard mormonscormonsMormons incredulous scur-rilous stories then being printed warsaw illinois signal

elsewhere jones sought missionaries obtain

2 gather zion

firsthand information result conversionjanuary 1843 accepted baptism icy watersmississippi yet met prophetjosephprophet joseph smith

did just few months later april transportinggroup british immigrants st louis nauvoo

friendship resulted between prophet captaincontinued right tojosephsjosephs martyrdom carthagejailcarthage jailjalljali

illinois jones recipient josephs prophecywelshman return native land

fulfill mission calledmonths earlier three narrow escapes grom death during

next thirty six hours jones proceeded make prepara-tions journey back britain

jones wife jane traveling companywilford woodruff hiram clark reached liverpooljanuary 18418455 first assigned north wales jones laborednearly 1845 baptized two three converts

amazed william henshawshenshaweHenshaws success south walesdoubt disappointed lack own reassign-

ment south wales however bring forthencouraging results during 1846 nearly fivehundred welsh converts 1847 just under thousand

astounding 1700 during 1848 year ofjonessjonessfirst mission

joness principal tools proselyting welshnation printing press numerous pamphlets support

mormonism together monthly periodical calledprophwydyprophwydy jubelijubili prophet jubilee 22888 8 pagescriptural commentary welsh published between1845 1848 energetic welshman

converting compatriots however representedobjectives getting them home zion

ultimate goal location zion shifted nauvooillinois rocky mountains duringjonessduring joness first mission

enthusiasm emigrating continued undiminishedperpetual emigrating fund assist many

british converts emigrate yet establishedcost voyage reach welsh

gather zion 3

converts inasmuch them clung lowest rungseconomic ladder encouraged however rely

faith save what lord provideray hope shone through clouds british mormon

poverty thejointjoint stock company establishedinception 1845 jones ardent supporter

encouraged flock purchase sharesafford hope extinguished year laterreuben hedlockbedlock absconded over400400 companyscompanascomp anysfunds 97070 invested welsh saintswhat extent fiasco caused investors abandon mormonism

difficult assess since millennialmillennialstarprintedstar printed very littleprophwyd y jubelijubili totally silent

william henshaw william phillips danjonesvanjonesdan jones threepersons whose names seen often contributors con-tinued firm faith loss fall 1846

company terminated churchfewer nine hundred welsh mormonscormonsMormons conversionsincreased religious periodicals did make

issue companyscompanascomp anys failure suggest repercussionscomparatively small

official organ welsh mormonscormonsMormons prophwyd y

jubelijubili appeared monthly between july 1846 december1848 nearly every thirty issuessomething emigrating articles landing

sam brannan california description california I1

news saints wilderness readystart homeward letter wilford woodruff while

crossing theplainsplains these fanned flames emigratingfever three page article entitled twenty nine welshmenwelshmerWelshmenlose theirjobsjobs cwmbychan mormonscormonsMormonsadded fuel

february 1848 prophwyd y jubelijubili 29 3311 jonesannounced official approval given welsh

begin making definite plans emigrating years timeencouraged pay off debts wealthy

asked generous assisting poor leavebabylon promised land

4 gather zion

june 1848 prophwydyjubi1iprophwyd y jubelijubili 92 9955 jones printedthomas bullocks account trek council bluffsutah future emigrants better idea whatlay store them october jones announced

himself granted permission go firstshipload welsh saints thus get pleasantcompany heavenly teaching sons zion instead

defending truth against malicious tales false asser-tions poison slime perverse obstinatenation prophwydyjubi1iprophwydy jubelijubili october 1848 153 trans

october issue appeared new song hailcalifornia sung welsh sailed awaycredit given composer song consequently onelones

suppose editor dan jones written

pestilence harvesting countriesharvesting man like grass field f

foul breeze blowslaying waste green earth j

californiayonder across distant seas me

sharp shining sword y

bathed bloodyes blood warm blood men

worst battles ever foughtcalifornia t

yonder rocky mountains I1 shall go

prophwydyjub&prophwydy jubelijubili october 1848 158 appen-dix E translated documents item 1 hereaftertranslated documents indicated TD

two months later seren gomer star gomerbaptist periodical appeared lengthy parody hailcalifornia entitled invitation california following two verses typical thescornfulscornful tone throughout

get corn without sowing harrowing f

everyone believe everyone believebread without baking

everyone believe

gather zion 5

houses grow us earthlovely attractive palaces

oh alluring placeeveryone believe everyone believe

place where pain sorrow comeeveryone believe

fat oxenheaven heaven

thousands fat pigsheaven

waiting doorsknives throats

ready morning nightheaven isheavenheaveninheaven t

sparse tableheaven

seren gomer december 1848 373 74 td4tdaparody signed small seer

song sung however welsh leftliverpool yet another entitled saints farewell

farewell now everyoneshall sail great ocean

complete longing gods zionbetter go land

given us our fatherlived captive far too long

freedom come us wake adversitycalled babel

call our intention gogo spite cruel enemy

our god through great gracebring us safely seemly zion

prophwydyjubiiiprophwyd y jubelijubili december 1848 186 td3t133tdasong signed J D pseudonym johndavis successor dan jones printing office

reverend H WwjonesbjonesWJjonesones publisher seren gomerformer employer john davis enthusiasticprospect many welsh men women many former

6 gather zion

baptists turning backs homeland period-ical warned welsh mormonscormons ominous prophecy

receivingenoughreceiving enough money get ship ships voyagecalifornia chief president danjonesvanjonesdan jones sail them

cuba place like sell them slaves every jackthem serve them right having little respectbook christ giving books mormon

seren gomer october 1848 305 trans article signedanti humbug identified john davis H WwjonesbjonesWJjonesones

through prophwdyjubiliPropproaprophwdhwd y jubelijubili call made namesages intended emigrate deposit

pound sterling per person paid later31 december secure passage detailed instructions concern-ing essentials food clothing trunks toolsprinted november 1848 prophwydyjubiliprop bwy d y jubelijubili 1651656969td2tda itinerary described final counsel concern-ing indebtedness given three hundred welsh saintsdeclared themselves candidates first emigrating party

opponents mormonismofmormonism wales incensedthese enticements claimed compatriots vicvic-tims grand wicked scheme anti mormon publicationsarticles lectures campaigns grew number intensity

year before emigration danjonesvanjonesdanjones assessed situa-tion merthyr area 29 september 1847 letter orsonspencer president missionary effort great britain

exhausted ammunition poorjosephpoorpoo josephrJosephlate beset poor captain jones imp arch

impostor wales truly amusing witnesswitness exertionsthese nothingariansNothingarians ransacking thevocabularyvocabulary billingsgate

itself titles crown me say provenme even worse joe smith others say quitebad soon scenes here very like con-tinentaltinental rabblesbabbles missouri etc still raging worse hotterdaily you neednotneed surprised should you hear carthagetragedies wales ere long whole towntowns works here-abouts containing 60000 people actually drunkeninfatuation rage against mormonism millennial star15 october 1847 318 19

swansea liverpool 17

joness fellow emigrants wrote severeopposition just prior departure merthyr tydfil

swansea en route liverpool

life our dear brother captainjonescaptain jones dangerhouse attacked almost every night weeks beforehisbefore leav-

ing merthyr godly life safe sleeping exceptbetween guards among brethren scoundrels

inhuman paid kill him leftleave secretly day before udgorn sebonselon zions

trumpet march 1849 57 tdatd5

swansea liverpool

plan emigrating called welsh saints meetliverpool 15 february those lived north wales

go individuals small groups those southwales meet swansea thirteenthmake thirty four hour voyage together steamergathering swansea caused great sensation amongresidents even described considerable detaillocal newspaper CamcambrianahanbHan tone amaze-ment intermixed pity

emigration california latter day saints tuesdayswansea quite enlivened consequence arrival

several waggonswiggons loaded luggage attended scoresbold peasantry carmarthenshire almost equal

number inhabitants merthyr surrounding districtstogether families formidable party nearly

latter day saints came town purposeproceeding liverpool troubadourtroubadorTroubador steamer where ship

readiness transport them next week glittering regions

8 swansea liverpool

california goodly company under command pop-ular saint known captain dan jones hardy travellerbrother wellweliweil knownjohnjonesknown john jones IlanUaniianilangollenuangollengollen able disputant

subject baptism arrived town tuesdayevening seems enjoy respect confidence faith-ful band entered town amidst gaze hundreds spec-tators evening delivered valedictory address

trades hall numerous audience majority whomled curiosity hear doctrines quite novel

town amongst group many substantial farmersneighbourhoodsneighbourhoods brechfaofbrechfabrechka llanybydder carmarthenshirealthough well do disposed posses-

sions get california new jerusalem deemwhere fanaticism teaches them believe escape

general destruction conflagration shortly envelopearth due them however state farbeing smitten mania gold discovery

imparted modern el dorado notoriety lateseem animated devout feelings aspirations

seem flow source judging conver-sation sincere belief end world hand

great captain salvation soon visit bobi ynngwladngw1ad y saint people country saintsintention informed visit gold regionsagricultural districts where intend say helpinganother reside peace harmony exemplify truth

brotherly love name practice amongstnumber came here several aged men varing 7090 years age whose hoary locks proclaimed

lengthened years render very improbable livesee america yet deluded poor simple saintsbelieve every amongst them however infirm oldmay surely land california safely startedwales faith extraordinary wednesday morning

being addressed leader repaired board admi-rable order extraordinary resignation departurewitnessed hundreds spectators whilst steamer gailypassed down river saints commenced singing favouritehymn entering piers however abruptly stopped sing-ing lustily responded cheeringgreeted inhabitants camjCambcambrianiian 16 february 1849

swansea liverpool 9

departure swansea 9 oclock wednesdaymorning 14 february 1849 arrival liverpool

following day 330 PM journey accordingwilliam phillips danjonessdan joness successor shorter usual

four hours phillips accompanied emigrants duringtwo week period prior departure liverpool

see them off gain firsthand knowledgeshare future emigrants march 1849 udgorn selonyelon

published brief account experiencesfashion standard letter writers

journey william phillips accentuated positiveaspects emigration downplayed anything con-trary discouraging nature everyone healthycontent during entire voyage except little seasicknesstroubled udgorn yelon march 1849 59 td6tda

little seasickness described somewhat different termsdavid D bowen experienced seaman

board troubadourtroubadorTroubador passengers few exceptionsvery sick passage pitching rockingsteamer board except dan jones

myself do help sick everybody plentytake care them delfsselfs bowen 19 majority

emigrants first time aboard ship thussea legs slow develop recordhaving turned back short voyage swansealiverpool however merely prelude fifty daysatlantic waves en route new orleans

mid nineteenth century liverpool bustling port citymuch larger welsh seen wales

many neophytes passed through liverpool wayparts world group fast talking sharperssharpelssharperscropped many careless emigrant find himselfrelieved baggage currency these shrewddealers welsh however given fair warningleader printed instructions them prqpbwydyjubi1iprophwydyjubilinovember 1848 167 td2tda those board troubadourtroubadorTroub adorreceived additional help ships captain land-ing place where shystersshysters waiting

10 swansea liverpool

william phillips reported later through listeningleaders warning take care possessions saintskept everything safe cunning predators

place did them harm way udgorn semnsewnselonmarch 1849 59 td6tda

brothers sisters faith encouraged assistanother every opportunity just pioneers crossing

plains america plant crops along waybenefit those followed saints liverpool assisted

welsh comrades despite centuries old suspicionbetween england wales rented musichall large six story building sufficient rooms

entire company take lodging rateshilling sixpence per night per person welsh spent fivenights

harbor final preparations being madevessel transport company new orleans

547 tons buena vista among smaller ships usedmormon emigration measured 141 x 29 x 14.5145145 feet

built just year before newburyportmassachusetts captain ebenezer linnell 2

five nights music hall welsh emigrantsinstructed go board ship david D bowen

few families already ship doubtconserve money supply bowen described spectacle

emigrants went place anothertown passingerspassengerspassingers where sic marching along

streets liverpool body like regiment solders I1

thought biggest sight liverpool people everseen way where looking us 19

three unexpected developments took place once entiregroup congregated board buena vista first depar-ture delayed another six days unexplained reasonssecond seventy seven those counted sailing

buena vista wait another week sailhartley along 161 english scottish converts 7

third welsh speaking ministers liverpool went boarddissuade emigrants going

many stories very strange indeedcirculated wales mormonscormonsMormons addition

prophecy sale emigrants slaverycuba strong rumor widows southwales board prepared clothes put departedhusbands california shoes put feetphillips udgorn semnsewnselon march 1849 60 td6tda

reverend henry rees sectarianpreachers town made inquiry concerninginformation received colleaguessouth wales danjonesvanjonesdan jones william phillips spokesmen

group replied barefaced lie offeredfollowing explanation ship

widows kept things theiriusbandshusbandsrespect greet them california phillipsudgorn selmsewnseimsemmyemmseiw march 1849 60 td6tda

these reverends failed convert mormonscormonsidea staying great britain lack

effort readily sense animosity welshmormonscormons toward ministers these comments articleentitled greeting odtheofthe emigrating saints signedtwentyfivetwenty five departing brethren

many preachers different sects slandering us smear-ing our characters through welsh publications condemningour dear religion pulpits doing everything

disgrace us shatter our feelings even hereboard ship foot

babylon trying frighten saints seavoyage country everything goodtrying persuade them everything exceptshould do udgomudgorn selon march 1849 58 tdatd5

sacrifices small many these emigrantsbecome mormonscormonsMormons them disowned

families shunned friends persecuted formerministers fellow parishioners uncommon

constantly graced epithets deceiversfalse prophets weakheadedweakheaded unprincipled liars idlers

12 eromprom swansea liverpool

dregs everything stinks nostrils everyonedavis 6 october 1848 3 trans label really

caused mormonscormons breathe fire applied themreverend W R davies baptist minister dowlaisDowlais

called them latter day satanists little wonder thenemigrants stood ground board buena vista

gave prayers thanksgiving soon freepernicious influences welsh reverends

even before ministers went board president williamphillips see everyone off decided put saints

test see convincehomesick ones turn back him answer generallyreceived however much love you cannot loveyou much wish turn back you leave uspeace forward us want go udgorn semnsewnselonmarch 1849 60 td6tda

desire every missionary baptize entirefamilies church many times however wife

husband become believer situationsbecame particularly divisive call came emigrateaccusations launched men deserting wives

children going zion without them trueseveral men board leaving

families behind intention ever seeing themagain emigrants felt justified however placedblame babylonians

bad them influenced our ownfamilies yes our dear wives children frighten themagainst coming us yes cause contention between husband

wife between parents dear children what worsehavedonehav edonedone much answer udgomudgorn semnsewnselon

march 1849 57 tdatd5attraction proceed zion greater sense

duty stay behind babylon intractable wivewiveschildren converts denounced families well

those caused families refuse accompanyhusbands fathers

yet doubt these themselves babylonians raisevoices highest condemn man leaving disobedientpeevish cruel wife behind refuses every offer come

assure you men our midsttried utmost get wives come themchildren do laws men god assurehusband head family choice country

refuse follow him wife childrenones leaving him leaving themudgomudgorn selon march 1849 57 tdatd5

stories spread wives boardemigrating against wishes husbands stories

summarily dismissed signers greetingbaseless lieswilliam phillips reported great enthusiasm won-

drous things took place board ship prior departure1 I saw saints times taken sick sooner

hands laid them restored immediatelyI1 bear witness I1 never seen

power god I1 saw ship udgorn semnsewnselonmarch 1849 60 td6tda these manifestations divineintervention came betsy david nineteen year olddaughter morgan elizabeth david fell topdeck bottom hold cut bruised unconscious

taken hospital regained consciousnessnext day thought live through

blessings prayers elders experienced fullrecovery lived another four decades chambers

nine children under age nonpayingpassengers those between ages fourteen cost

parents Y 3 each above age fourteen paidxax33 12s 6dad reasonable price considering xax55 uncommon

voyage price included needed provi-sions fares having collected ship put

state readiness two things left completeorganize emigrants different sections set sail

249 persons board buena vista assignedeight sections elder appointed

14 eromprombrom swansea liverpool

supervise each section see everyone acted properlyreceived justice impartially foster nurture loveunity especially see kept places cleanhealthful jones 18 april 1849180 5 td7tda keepship clean two men assigned arise each morningbefore others group wash dry deckcaptain dan jones very much home back board ship

four years land president emigratingcompany assisted triad william morgan

forty six year old engineer merthyr tydfil ricewilliams forty five year old farmer rhymniwilliam davis forty three year old tailor rhymnithese constituted council organizetemporal spiritual matters

nine day wait fourth groupreassigned sail few days later buena vista

ready dragged sea two large steamers per-formed task tears joy excitement anxiety rolleddown passengers cheeks tears sadness eyes

william phillips abel evans elieser edwards john daviesdavidjeremydavid jeremy daniel evans brethren comebid farewell emigrants tears disappointment

faces seventy seven paidbuena vista still another week waitingliverpool dan jones described departure

monday 26th february two oclock after-noon set sail port saints accompanied

harp sang saints farewell left docksweet voices resounded throughout city attracting atten-tion causing amazement thousands spectatorsfollowed us along shore charmed 18 april 1849 6 td73

phillips others purchased oranges hurloutstretched hands passengers ship being

dragged waterloo dock fresh fruit expensivebritain saints poor consequently apprecia-

tion greater ship gone reachthrowing oranges handkerchiefs then waved

final farewell winds february turnedsummer breezes jones 18 april 1849 6 td7tda

thomasjeremythomas jeremy became very nostalgic prospectbeing separated perhaps permanently brethren

gospel

oh how lovely association I1 thesebrethren numerous occasions wales sometimes daytoo short us talk things pertaining kingdom

god frequently take night extentionsleep stand distance us while others

abundantly comfortable grasp time camemy mind I1 see them again I1 imagined hearing

something answer long before seeing themzion I1 took courage 18 april 1849 212 1 td8tda

opposition back wales means ceaseddeparture first group welsh saints fact

departure used reason further agitation date27 february 1849 just day buena vista

left liverpool applied letter sent johntojohncojohn davis editorudgorn selon signed capt dan jones contained

rather startling declarations

my dear brother lord I1 am pleased able informyou landed safely new orleans shortcomfortable voyage evident care our behalf clear proof

world truthfulness our faith spite muchtalk against numerous false religions worldperhaps letter come your hand rather miraculously

proclaim before public proclaim gathashkelonAshkelon providential care our heavenly fatherus going here nauvoo banksmississippi river state illinois councilbluffs state missouri angel showed you dream

directions inform everyone tell brethrenwell comfortable convincing world

go forward our numbers thousands time reachend our journey before long shall overthrow

kingdoms earth shall live thousand two hundredsixty years happens I1 do time write

16 board buena vista

much you I1 much do I1 am yours affectionatelyyour father lord capt dan jones davis preface iii iv

disregard perhaps placing council bluffsmissouri immigrants go first nauvoo enroute council bluffs three years saints exodusnauvoo davis accept additionnoticed emblem odd fellows stationerydeclared letter clumsy forgery printed fore-word pamphlet containing joness andjeremysandjeremys authen-tic accounts buena vista crossing tdatd7 td8tdafurther caution already cautious welsh saints beware

continued efforts hamper progress mormonism

board buena vista

many welsh saints poor evenliquidating meager assets still didsufficient money pay fare eae33 12s 6dad each member

families amount equivalent 18perhaps 100 todays standards although maysound quite reasonable must bear mindthird laborers annual wages required transporthimself wife few children across atlantic once

reached new orleans pay another tenshillings per person go steamer upstream st louisyet another iai11 sterling each required steamer

st louis council bluffs immigrantneed purchase food family while mississippi

missouri rivers once arrived council bluffsface expense buying wagon oxen plus pro-visions thousand mile three month journeygreat salt lake valley these considerations addition

prospect eight months income madeemigrating sobering challenge

perpetual emigrating fund established later1849 used many welsh mormonscormonsMormonsthose board buena vista hartleyuse means intended outset proceed

far council bluffs where work saveuntil buy themselves fitoutfltout continuewestward just enough go full distance

made arrangements earn way going maidservant family afford pay services

elizabeth lewis wealthy convert grom Kidwelly statesbrief autobiographical sketch paid passage across

ocean forty persons provided expenses thirtytwo persons council bluffs salt lake city tullidge461 62 these maids servants appears

agreement eventual reimbursement

249 passengers buena vista 5522 percent 130male 48 percent 119 female table 1 shows

distribution age groups

TABLE 1

age distribution buena vista passengers

age total percentage

07opio0100710olo0 10 59 23723.7237

11111717 36 14.5145145

181830185030 71 28528.5285

31315050 62 24.9249249

51 21 848.484

249 100.01000

249 part complete ppartialartial familyunitsfamilfamilyyunitsunitsshown table 2 i

TABLE 2

family units among buena vista passengers t

total percentage

part complete family unit 179 7197171.971991

husband wife childrenpart incomplete family unit 37 14.8148148

father mother childrenapparent family attachment 33 13313.3135153

249 1006100.61000100.0lood

nearly 87 percent emigrating part completeincomplete family unit eleven thirty three

apparent family attachment listed servants maidsthus putting them under supervision family head

twenty two individuals board own P

wide variety occupations listed under columnoccupation trade profession family members usually

received ditto mark column under occupationindicated family head 4 occasional widow49sonson written space sarah daviseliza williams two died board buena vista

new orleans clerk entered deceasedpassengers varying numbers earned way life

performing following occupations

blacksmith lime burner puddlerbutcher locksmith saddlercarpenter maid servantclerk mason schoolmastercollier milliner schoolteacherdressmaker miner shoemakerengineer moulder stone cutter tfarmer nailer tailorjoiner pattern maker wheelrightlaborer plasterer whitesmith i

few these occupations required classroomtraining literacy welsh including women

literate however thanks circulating schoolsprevious century these schools consisted brief

training reading skills various nonconformist ministerstraveled countryside intense desire

get people read bible 5 idea teach smallgroups individuals turn instruct others

newfound skill little attention given writingsince major thrust do reading consequentlymany welsh read quote scriptureswhile same time being totally incapable writing

names formal schooling kind earlynineteenth century deemed luxury enjoyed

well do children working class nearly alwaysstayed within class occasionally young ladapprenticed learn trade thus able rise notch

two above fathers level social mobility veryunusual idea becoming landowner staggeredimagination since prospect held converts

assume constituted least partmotivation joining church going rockymountains 6

initial enthusiasm adventure combined devo-tion newly acquired beliefs perhaps keptemigrants turning back liverpool few ever

sea before possessed clear con-cept what involved walking terra firmaseven weeks might well second thoughtsalthough described idyllic terms letter writers cross-ing atlantic fraught numerous inconveniences

hardships try patience evenstalwart welsh strangers hardship

long years experience hardshipsencountered board ship variety neverbefore dealt

cramped conditions become way lifenext fifty days

four six persons packed berths wooden slatsmeasuring six feet square two people might share berth sixsix feetlong three feet wide berths arranged along bothsides ship double triple tiers passengersleep feet towards center aisle where provisions

voyage hand luggage items too fragile holdstored tin utensils light items wouldhanghang

sides berths beams above hatchesclosed during storms might wet below even less violentweather particularly cargo consisted iron rails mightcause greater rolling berths sometimes made greenwood creak horrendously ship rolled stormtemporary berths known come tumbling down pratt 5

jim warner emigrant board another ship complained

room beds 2 must mind our headscrawl our dogkennelsdogkennels you must go head-

first same you knock your head against topbotombatom hamock best get lamp oil

place very dark cant see read small lightcomes door single folks curtain goes8 births go dress undress warner7Warnerwarnera7

under these conditions privacy unknown luxurynowhere ship two people really themselves

doubt genuine concern caleb catherine parrymarried day departure fortunately

buena vista passengers church country commonnearly attached family these circumstances

combined diminish somewhat shortage personal spaceduring fifty days togetherness

stench sanitation ever present challengesespecially outset seasickness rampantwilliam clayton board north america 1840observed wind blew hard vessel rock manysick night new scene sickness vomitinggroaning bad smells I1 never witnessed before added

closeness births berths almost suffocatedus want air clayton 173 even best modernday imaginations strain conjuring scenes

seven weeks being without fresh foods meansrefrigeration made preparation appetizing meals particularlydifficult law specified each passenger age

twelve months furnished following items

good navy bread 33 ibslbsrice 10 ibslbsoatmeal 10 ibslbswheat flour 10 ibslbspeas beans 10 ibslbspotatoes 35 ibslbsvinegar 1pintspint1 pintfresh water 60 galsgood salted pork 10 ibslbssufficient supply fuel

cookingprophwydyjubiiiprophwyd y jubelijubili october 1848 151 trans

lest these quantities should prove inadequate duringvoyage danjonesvanjonesdan jones recommended supplemented

age fourteen following provisions

10 pounds hard bread 3 pence pound2 pounds rice 3 pence pound4 pounds sugar 3125123 pence pound144 pound tea 2 shillings pound2 pounds coffee 6 pence pound4 pounds treacle 2122 vz pence pound4 pounds raisins currants 4124 vz pence pound3 pounds butter 1 shilling pound3 pounds cheese 8 pence pound

quantity buying prices liverpool these provisionscost emigrants 13 shillings captain jones

gave further suggestion food thoseprepare oat bread good butter own cheese preservespickles things may desire verygood them take things them homeprophwydyjubiliprophwydyjubiii november 1848 166 td2tda these

words wisdom old tar jones often calledhimself spent many years sea variety

22 board buena vista j

additional commodities provide doubtwelcome relief steady diet rather unexcitingstaples provided shipping line

these supplies kept back shipstoreroom dubbed company shop jones

three assistants william morgan rice williamswilliam davis assigned important task apportion-ing allotments each family family groups familiesthen prepared cooked food using cookingfacilities shifts

aside normal problems germane beingrestricted microcosm sailing vessel several weeksmuch time passed rather uneventfully boardhorizon 1856 john jaques described passengerlife following manner

sea sailing very pleasant times I1 sit hoursforecastle watch our noble vessel dashingclashing through brinywaves lashing them innumerable variety fantasticforms spray foam then possibly likecontinually rocked admires treading plat-form seems plaything everlasting earthquake I1

great taste these things I1 make myself littleexertion tolerably comfortable sea whenever advisableme go I1 privilege choosing I1 like

where I1 enjoy myself naturally ideawaiting day day idle wind bad enoughreality much worse makes feel like getting push-ing behind then wind comes bit vengeance

make lost time just people hurryloitering way then willing ship dashes through

waters like mad thing rate dozen mileshour tack right tack left sail-

ing heartily 200 300 miles captain takes observa-tion finds 20 miles worse our trouble

perhaps same place becalmedmillennial star 30 august 1856 553 57

biggest challenges danjonesvanjonesdan jones dealduring crossing contention developed

between small group passengers eventually apostatizedbulk committed placed blame

uninvited passenger

devilish foe himself asserted right neptunegod sea journey us though company

sweet nevertheless hard work cast him overboardcleverness infrequently hard times

turn himself angel lightoccasionally hide pocket officer everyone may

left behind babylon let poorsailor troublemaker worse guide ahithophel

swine sea babyloniansescapes times next time I1 cross seagroup saints zion two kinds stay homejones 18 april 1849 13 td7tdaday before leaving liverpool unwelcome meddler

already marred sunday meetings held board buenavista possessing sisters until driven

senses causing scream utter inhumanthings frightening curses jones 18 april 1849 5 td7tda

blessing sister calmed peace restoredhardly escaped almost immediate onset sea-

sickness evening first night sea saw go will-ingly beds prayer services sleep

rather divide time betweenvomiting agonizing though wind stormy

sea rough just normal rocking swayingship sufficient create image violent

tempest lot landlubbersland lubbers jones few otherssea legs previous experience spent night

rendering what assistance comfortsufferers althoughjonesalthoughjones makes specific reference

thing letter assistance doubt meantcountless cleanupsclean ups around those whose debilitatedcondition did allow them conduct regurgitations

guardrail deck task certainly enviednext morning memorable night

even least desire move bed much less

expend gargantuan effort required go deckbreathe healthful air captainjonescaptain jones insistingdo assisted daniel daniels william jenkins jonesprepared gruel oat flour better stay

shrunken stomachs anything else hardlyanyone gave groan joness effortsthomasjeremythomas jeremy reported thatjonesjones jokingly threaten

get pulley down deck put ropes aroundrecalcitrants pull them top 18 april 1849 22

td8tda wanting sound negative jeremy declaredsickness actually benefit emigrants

cleansing stomachsjeremysjeremasJeremys infant daughter mary sick during

entire journey although predicted back waleslikely die sea

weaned however emigrants counseled refrainweaning small children just before embarking fear

adjustment mothers milk ships foodlittle constitution abide

vomiting reduced mere agonizingdan jones allowed little time himself during

accomplished much pondering writingthus began compose letter eventually sendjohn davis new orleans 8 reflected scenes

recently left wales buena vista sailed southwardbetween coasts ireland wales four days previous

departure merthyr tydfil meetemigrating saints swansea wife jane given birth

daughter claudia time claudiachild several others died previously including twowales during first mission view situation jonesdeemed wise entrust jane claudia carefellow saints merthyr tydfil until return them

delivering safely salt lake valley jane didapplaud plan do little until

confinement two weeks buena vista leftliverpool however jane made way same place

booked passage emblem sailing vessel

take daughter new orleanstake steamer council bluffs rejoin

husband trek zionfar asjonesjonesapjones knew time seejanesee jane

claudia another two three yearsprospect together threats life while backmerthyr tydfil caused him become bit nostalgicreflective letter

fact just dream I1 escaped watermidst my welsh brothers my life skin

my teeth why why persecution slanderfalse accusations I1 suffered years khom press

pulpits why did my residence guarded weekswhy my life safe among guards why did I1 flee

secret before time why I1 able bid farewellmy dear wife my baby 18 april 1849 8 td7tdajust time passengers getting

accustomed being constant state motionsurprised saddened unexpected passing

sarah davies liverpool although sixty yearsage poor health outset desire accompany

husband daughter greater fear beingburied sea ship became house mourning prayermeeting held evening 6 march plans made

funeral two oclock next afternoon burialservices held deck jones preached funeralsermon endeavored answer question how

dead raised what body do comejones described event account crossing

sermon coffin placed large plank shipstopped saints sung hymn sailors raisedinward end plank coffin slipped down

end salty deep weightstones placed coffin sink openedswallow precious treasure keep safe until day

command shall given sea yield deadsea closed jaws

morsel our little ship stood us able

behold majestic sight few minutes sails filledbreezes galloped across waves nothing

ever happened 18 april 1849 11 td7tdajoness sermon became topic discussion almost

every meeting held during rest voyage much fearmany misconceptions existed among group

being buried sea addition speaking resur-rection general jones endeavored sermons dispelfears clarify mistaken ideas oft exercised giftrhetoric depicted sea burial something preferred

customary ground burialsburials

think float surface prey fisheven worse rotting cold gravel

being food grave worms fish do thoseburied sea purpose putting weights

body sink down quickly lower oceanfish ever go lower live

float peaceful salt water keep decom-posing rotting forever yes until day rising

sea boil kept better bestegyptians kept through embalming 18 april 1849 11 td7tda

throughout letter jones availed himself everyopportunity reemphasize emigrants beingguided divine powers these opportunities arose16 march eighteen days sea wind

strong against ship jones called special prayermeeting might pray fair wind characteristic

fervent attitude displayed ever sincebaptism mississippi river six years before jonesannounced felt like going deck returning until

fair wind granted put footfirst rung ladder brethren asked him what

wanted replied like hearmate deck shouting haul weather braces

order set sails across ship order meantfair wind obvious contentmentjonescontentmentjones announcedcompatriots back wales before I1 moved my foot

I1 others heard my wish heard mate aboveour heads shouting loudly haul weather bracesyea word word I1 said 18 april 1849 12 td7tda

fair wind came grateful saints gave thanks graduallypassengers developed expertise travers-

ing rocking deck although frequently observedlegs longer

shorter times however strong winds madeimpossible anyone lie stand place jones compared

ship door hinge continually swayed thosereclined those standing wrote

throwing them along deck boxescrockery recklessly without warning wild horsethrows unskilled rider across hedge leaves him

without pity rider got shipthrow him somewhere else until crawled home

18 april 1849 10 td7tdaoften however wind fair weather

lovely almost like wales june jonesdescribes activities take place whenever sheersurvival focus

beautiful see children playing across deckentertaining parents singing here others talkingreading walking arm arm while others prepare foods

many kinds almost obtained cookshopmusicians did best beautify atmosphere

harp pleasant sounds alone evening entertained ussang farewell king day lowered red head

western sea 18 april 1849 12 td7tdaactivity engaged first time many

jones mentions bit apologetically first holdingrevered old testament prophet precedent

wonder scenes less wondrous excited heelsdavid old point even took off garment

temple what hush shall reply whatuse hiding fact did do order dance yesyes hardly anyone our midst except

occasional dry sectarian did prefer imitate him ratherfind fault least hard deny

here times did even cause storm 18 april 184912 13 td7tda

7 april thirty nine days sea emigrantssighted land little ship arrived bahamas

welsh passengers jubilant areadangerous places world navigation

number small ships called wreckers sailed around con-tinually waiting opportunity profit mis-fortune ships wreckers well acquainted

dangers presented many islands offerservices handsome fee ships became

lost maze often much like todays dishonestmechanic creates problems engine repair

wreckers send deceptive signals lead shipsdifficulty go assistance buena vistapassed through area without assistance

cuba far south proximity broughtmind ridiculous loathesomeloathesome prophecyappeared seren gomer dan jones sellfollowers slavery deck scornfully discussedabsurdity prediction jones observed

correspondent immortalized foolishness poortaste brought cuba notoriety anything else

now serves bring recollection emigrantslies false accusations said published them

dear religion fellow nation until loosenedlove knot knot even country birthinstead thinking turning back prompted them turnfaces toward east sunset freedom worshipgod those rights deprived zealouschristians own country yes constant prayereveryone throughout ship blow east wind blow us fiercely

western ocean 18 april 1849 17 td7tdasomething marred crossing councils

having excommunicate williarnjoneswilliam jones wife marian

both nineteen young couple oddspassengers especially religious leaders

board quite early voyage didmanifest proper commitment teachings newreligion satisfy jones members councilwilliam morgan rice williams william davis

quite possible two recalcitrants used churchemigration plan simply vehicle transport them

america things uncommon perhapsintentions initially pure event stayed

saints until reached st louis 1 may fifteendays excommunication causing much worry

saints through false accusations captaindisgracing religion etc jones 18 april 184920 td7tda upon landing st louis william marianalong several others left without uttering word tojonesjonestijones

william marianjonesmarianmarlan jones deprived member-ship church just two days prior arriving neworleans infraction precipitated actioncouncil occurred 5 april during thursday night saintsmeeting occasion saints first put

gifts practice exactly what phrase meantimply clear appears reference special

kind communication divine powers jones describescollusion collision ensued

great commotion caused down shipamongst Babylonians 9 clustered along officers

ship entrance our place listened amazementwondered greatly what caused then perceived

achan10Achan 10 our midst two three saintstransgressed them translating them

causing them believe evil things us officersship captain bitter toward us then

ever before I1 hard time calming him down

jones laments confusion caused traitors midst

our dismay interference obliged us cease practicinggifts middle meeting before

received great comfort through them learned thingsyou yourselves wales etc informedparty those failed designs me I1

leave wales plotting revenge my dear fellow officersleft behind me succeed 18 april 1849

17 td7tdafurther event caused sorrow among

emigrants passing ofelizaofelitaelizaellzaeilza williams age seventy sevenjust six days before buena vista landed new orleans

ill several days prior demise fiftyfive years methodists rejoiced deathbed

honor dying mormon bore strong testimonytruthfulness mormonism sister williamss funeral

similar held five weeks earlier sarah davisfew days before reaching new orleans jones recorded

water apportioned washing plentyboard another month I1 cannot liken bust-

ling scene sisters around deck doing washingbetter scenes I1 remember seeing hot waters

iron furnaces merthyr washday foodoffered company store everyoneabundance did come get saidsacks vessels full room hold

many said never before varietyabundance food lives I1 maintain anyone

happy food should shut ovenwhile like lap dog gentle lady 18 april 1849

18 td7tdathomasjeremythomas jeremy wife sarah reported descendants

somewhat less enthusiastic attitude concerningfood water situation end atlantic crossing

seven weeks aboard buena vista ranoatmeal bread water eat hardtack drink waterfull slime called ropey water sarah jeremy 8

numerous emotions welled within breastssojourners neared new orleans relief prospect

ending fifty day voyage atlantic joy ii

crossing hartley 31

anticipation being land onceagainonce again frustration havingpoor relations small group cabin pas-

sengers five men two women twentiesthirteen year old girl whom succeeded bemusing confusing elizabeth lewiss maids angertoward small group disenchantedenchanteddisenchanterdis mormonscormonsfought against faithful gratitude toward captain

crew despite strained relationship themhaving brought them safely journeys end

doubtless much nostalgia rife homesickness saintscontemplated virtually irreversible decision beginnew life new land new language

morning 16 april two steamers went towardbuena vista frantic race reach ship first

selected tow new orleans winnergiven large rope then used lead

buena vista mouth mississippi thennew orleans docks

weary emigrants arrived destination nextday long sea voyage finished two rivers however

ascended plains traversed beforefinal destination reached

crossing hartley

time buena vista emigrants recuperat-ing bout seasickness seventy seven welshsaints back liverpool just set sail board

hartley these fully intended journey acrossatlantic compatriots determined

number paying passengers exceeded number

32 crossing hartley

accommodations modest sized buena vistafourth them reassigned ships having waited

liverpool eleven days already weekbeyondweek beyond whatoriginally anticipated those selected extend waityet another week disappointed displeasedeven sleeping board buena vista

asked leave what criteria used determine shipassignments clear

hartleyused permission peabody museum salem

crossing hartley 33

david D bowen recorded disgruntlementour friends acquaintances left buna vestadanjonesvanjonesdan jones left among strangers sail anothership our ship reddyteddy sail good many dayyet 19 bowen left Llanelli south wales wife

two children company three families twothese went first group two remained behindsail second

did reassignments result separationsfriends costly delay strange city caused

welsh many them non english speaking thrownenglish scots few irish none whom

understood welsh although 161 non welshpassengers converts mormonism david D bowensaid midst meanest people

ever seen 2211 although did give illustra-tions meanness

considered separate group seventy seven welshboard hartley similar composition thosebuena vista slightly fewer half male 3355 7777

45 percent slightly half female 42 775555 percent age group distribution shown table 3

TABLE 3

age distribution hartley passengers

0 10 20 26.0260260

11 17 12 15.6156156

18 30 24 31.231231 50 16 20.8208208

51 5 6.46464

77 100.01000

combining two groups buena vista hartleyresults following figures

34 crossing hartley

TABLE 4age distribution buena vista hartley passengers

0 10 79 24.3243243245

11 17 48 14.7147147

18 30 95 29.1291291

31 50 78 23.9239239259

51 26 8.08080

326 100.01000

like those buena vista hartleypassengers part complete partial family unit

TABLE 5

family units among hartley passengers

total percentage

77 100.01000

combining figures buena vista hartley shows

TABLE 6

family units among buena vista hartley passengers

total percentage

326 100.01000

crossing hartley 35

david D bowen experience seasappointed cook hartley passengers

first few days many took interest sittingtable gradually business picked eventually got quitebrisk very disagreeable situation bowendescribed 20 shilling supposedreceive every passenger promised him orson pratt

liverpool offered sufficient incentive keep himkitchen either passengers informed

cooks salary simply chose ignoreship arrived new orleans two passengers rewarded

bowen services cadwalader owens 75 centsdavid peters 25 cents preparing food twohundred people three times day seven weeks bowenfelt cheated stayed church grouphowever

william hulme president saints boardhartley reported voyage likepleasure excursion 185 weather pleasant

sea wind gentle two roughdays experienced during crossing reached

bahamas thirty fifth day five days fewerrequired buena vista point howevercalms contrary winds delayed progress conse-

quentlyquent ly hartley docked new orleans 28 april 1849fifty four days leaving liverpool

blemish otherwise placid sea journeypassing elizabeth infant daughter ofjosephjoseph mary

stringer died croup just nine days before shiparrived new orleans body placed tin coffinmade tea canisters makeshift coffin then placed

wooden burial services held new orleanscontrast strained relations between 249

buena vista saints captain hartley companygot famously stephen cammet captain things

pleasant leaders company drewletter appreciation captain cammet kind

humane generous treatment watchful care

36 new orleans st louis buena vista group

demonstrated behalf during passagehulme 186 four sailors greatly admired

mormonscormons cast lot thembaptized immediately arriving new orleans thesejohn everett alfred percy george percy davis wilson

twentiestwo births occurred board hartley son born

tojosephjoseph hannah hale liverpool daughterjane hartley eames nathaniel sarah eames 11

buena vistaconstitution

new orleans st louis

buena vista dragged new orleansfirst time nearly passengers behold

majestic mississippi whom somethinghomecoming leader captain danjonesvanjonesdan jones severalyears earlier plied maid iowa rivertime however instead transporting someone alseselses convertsupstream boat rely someone elsesalsessteamer perform task flock faithfuls

whenjonessjoness group docked new orleans dis-covered caught saints boardashland ship left liverpool 6 february 1849nearly three weeks ahead buena vista sincetwo groups headed same direction jones hired

steamer both shared

4.4PWuv

38 new orleans st louis buena vista group

rate 2252252.25 ten shillings per personcaptain constitution agreed transport combinedgroup nearly 450 passengers distance 1100 miles

mississippi st louis even agreed pull alongsidebuena vista order take goods aboard boatthus spared joness group expense having

belongings moved vesselexact date departure new orleans clear

few sources even mention eventcholera city considered unwise linger

thus assume two three days com-pany way once again separationeleven days between arrival buena vista neworleans arrival constitution st louisbrief voyage apparently uneventful dan joneslittle say 30 april 1849 letter wrotewilliam phillips st louis young child ofreesreesjane price died consumption board constitution

baby boy born samuel ann leigh just twodays before reaching st louis among english saints

joined welsh new orleans three dieddeadly cholera jones emphasized how fortunatelose few cholera very bad new orleans

many dying steamboats along riversespecially immigrants ship went before us

forty two died cholerajourney nineteen etc saints jones wrote

surprise officers constitution quotedthem saying each morning none you deadyet udgorn selon june 1849 122 td9tda

although everyone feared cholera saints thoughtfaith combined lord

arrive safe destination make them essentiallyimmune jones pointed ones suffered

terribly mormonscormonsMormons writer cambrianback swansea marveled how confident latterday saints reaching end journey completelyintact even old infirm obvious

new orleans st louis buena vista group 39

relief jones happily reported william phillipsststlouislouislouls welsh saints come alive healthy

point udgorn semnsewnselon june 1849 122 td9tdalone exception wasjenkinjenkin williams twenty year old

engineer aberdareaberdaleAberdare died within few hoursarriving st louis however danjonesvanjonesdan jones still optimistic

informed president phillips boys deathgood faithful lad whole voyage except

went contrary counsels givenhid themthet cholera long taking own way

treat through brandy few minutes before diedleft remarkably good testimony him said

completely happy faced death udgomudgorn semnsewnselonjune 1849 122 td9tda

even though mary rees stillborn sonsame day jones wrote report saints walesrepeated earlier comment general condition

everyone healthy today heartened rejoicingprivilege desirous move forward udgomudgorn semnsewnselon

june 1849 122 td9tdast louis place purchase flour meat

groceries everything necessary trek californiainitiated council bluffs place where

immigrants gathered clothes firearms stoves eveniron make wagons included buying spree jones

delighted hold public meetings timewished st louis 1843 1844

worth life man say mormonudgomudgorn semnsewnselon june 1849 123 td9tda

highlandHighlanhighlandmarymarydMaryvmary steamer jones contractedtransport saints missouri river council bluffs

just barely returned earlier voyage councilbluffs 12 terms still quite reasonable although bitexpensive passage constitutioncharge children aged three younger children betweenfour fourteen went half price passengers fifteen

older paid full fare sixteen shillings eight penceeach entitled hundred pounds luggage extra

new orleans st louis buena vista group 41

charge two shillings charge each additional hun-dred pounds cost making journey point

turned whatjoneswhat jones calculatedcounsel emigrants prophwydprophwydyy jubelijubili five monthsearlier

may day 1849 ashland saintsbuena vista saints eager complete legsea journey council bluffs highlandmanhighlandmaqhighland mary pulledalongside constitution goods once againtransported vessel another expensepassengers preparations nearly complete depar-ture st louis set following day

few passengers however desired seek companypoint jones bitterly remarked letter william

phillips benj jones whole family except wifebecame blemished unfaithfulness went away along

road destruction gallop today david gilesdavidjonesdavid jones wife went them completely unknown

me I1 shall take greater care next time refrain bring-ing faithful saints me udgomudgorn semnsewnsegon

june 1849 123 td9tda benjaminjonessbeniaminbenjamin jonessponess son williamdaughter law marian excommuni-

cated while board buena vista just two weeks earlierbenjbenjaminbeniaminaminjonesamin jones addition wife jane yet anotherson thomas daughter law eliza grandson johntraveling him presumably seven membersfamily including jane despite faithfulness parted com-pany st louis traveling companionsjoined three others although danjonesvanjonesdan jones did give

further information concerning them very possiblest louis destination along

simply taking advantageofadvantage cheaper fares joiningchurch wales traveling mormonscormonsMormons

case certainly first usemoneysavingmoney saving approach reaching america

cholera spread st louis claimed manyvictims time second welshman die dreaddisease benjamin francis forty six year old blacksmith

42 cholera missouri river

llanybydder death occurred morning 1 mayjones referred him dear faithful elderobserved difficult find faithful

life died happy wife children e

come along us udgorn deionseionsewnjwejune 1849 121231253 td9tdabenjamin margaret francis left wales fourchildren widow margaret francis arrived council bluffs

mid may child unspeakable sorrow

cholera missouri riverrivet

cholera morbusborbus highly infectious bacterial diseasetransmitted polluted food water symptoms

severe diarrhea vomiting dehydration collapsevirtually nothing known mid nineteenth century

prevention treatment individual oncecontracted dread disease orson spencer

president company saints board zetlandarrived new orleans two weeks before buena

vista told experience cholera mississippi

confidently said officers steam boat leastfifty large company die our passage st louis

now within fifty miles st louis without apprehensionanother death unless gentile doctor board kills them

favorite dose 20 grains calomel laudanum camphor brandydose given our deceased brother sister contrary

my wishes many others died immediately withinfew hours several saints I1 rescued dose mormor-tally seized now live millennial star 15 june 1849 184

numerous suggested treatments call mind modernday quackery dealing arthritis cancer

felt fumes air carried diseaseresult great campaigns waged sulphur burned

purposes purification lime spread streetskinds remedies proposed newspaper advertise-

ments proclaimed anti cholera medicines kinds bloodlettingblood lettingadvocated doctor burned soles patients feet

another raised blisters sufferers abdomens lucky doctorfound success washing down medicines small doses

lots water clifford L ashton 65

listened doctor followed advicedrinking plenty water fewer lives

lost medicine prescribed little benefit ratherwater saved victim dehydration

twentieth century physician commented

prime essential treatment case choleraregarded medical emergency cannot too

strongly emphasized replacement fluids electrolytessalts potassium urgent necessity

methods treatment should subordinated elsom 1411

brother benjamin clapp church member advisingsaints drink water strickencholera unfortunate bit counsel chose

heed clapps advice nine year old thomasjeremythomas jeremycrawled bunk drank water off

oatmeal ladies put stove cookdoing life spared sarah jeremy 8

danjonesvanjonesdan jones advice own dispensedsaints st louis wrote william phillips

members company reached point alivehealthy through being careful observe rulescleanliness refrain drinking water riverwithout letting settle putting alum oat flourthrough being faithful godly through refrainingeating fruits meats etc udgomudgorn semnsewnsemu june 1849122 td9tda

regardless how well intended advice remediesreality twenty three day period between

28 april 21 may forty four original 249 buena vistapassengers fell victim cholera epidemic

names recorded thomas jeremy pocketsized journal attempt imimagineagine terrorespecially 6 7 may ink spelled names

three young daughters two them buried samesmall coffin doubt near utter despairjust four days later wrote thomas my son hanahmy daughter sick 11 may 1849 trans these twochildren however recovered

david mary phillips begun journey fourchildren part way missouri river left just

child burying three three day periodmargaret francis widowed

30 april 8 may stood shallow hastily dug gravethird child buried many days samuel leigh

whose wife presented him new son just beforereaching st louis looked helpless nine days later both

taken him very few families left intactcholera swept along path devastation claiming fifth

welsh mormonscormons aboard ill fated highlandHighlanhighlandmaryvmarydMarymaryage factor selection process victims rangednewborn infants ninety two year oldoid evan jones

otherwise uncomplicated journey st louiscouncil bluffs lengthened several days allow timenearly every day graves dug along shore

three days fifteen day passage did thomasjeremythomas jeremyrecord new names journal 13dan13 dan joness

pen fell totally silent next two monthsnoah jones passing wife esther expressedgrief verse

my dear friends environs waleskindly hear my lament verselamenting still am I1 sorrow

loss my dear estherwhom I1 loved my own soul

while minegod called my maiden

knows whydepart though against my

care came my familywhile crossing ocean

mississippi full comfortuntil went town st louis

got enemy camespears filled poison

cut strongest among usdid ask permission anyone

rather did cut finest worst

five died swordpowers able withstand him

buried albeit sadlythen left town st louisthird day may

left cityglad take leave

steamboat named marycouncil bluffs wished pull

next day fourthtwo died heavy news

fifth seven buriedtoday seen seen

sixth day came meet meI1 shall forever remember day

I1 leave my dear brideput myself great tribulation

blinded strength blow

I1 called two elders come mecame according my summons

I1 anointed holy oilaccording commandment apostle

prayeddwells heavens

did delay hearing themI1 made whole under hands

long I1 live I1 shall remember my godnoah jones 1 2 trans

william appleby missouri river duringsame time period welsh immigrants recordedjournal graphic portrayal scenes left wake

cholera

add horrid spectacle graves side sidebeds pillows half burned pieces tents broken cupsbowls pillows mattresses etc lined banksofbanksonbanksriver near boat while blankets mattresses beds etc

sick died came floating down river while townnothing seen scarcely carts hearses loadedrough coffins chiefly physicians riding fro citizens con-gregatedgregated together locking houses fleeing

country fear consternation depicted everycountenance mingled groans sick dying

hotels churches houses added generalprevailing gloom appleby 1

fear becoming infected themselves saintscouncil bluffs wanted part new arrivals isaac nashhaving recently buried brother grandmother along

missouri recorded journal

arrived st joseph captain boatname scott declared take us furtherauthorities st joe made him take us away

arrived council bluffs sorry condition nobody comenear us put banks river our dead

suffering apostle george smith hearing our arrivalsad condition came down river

banks brother smith sent word peopletake us give us shelter lord turn

scourge upon them long before teams wagons camedown taken care nash 6

dan jones may written john davis williamphillips cholera devastation very littleever appeared print udgorn semnsewnseiondeion brief commentmade letter written eight weeks arrival councilbluffs 13 july 1849 printed cholera imposedheavy losses our small army along rivers especially

new orleans council bluffs hartley group 47

accursed waters missouri yet effectsmall comparison people throughoutneighboring boats towns ijdgomudgorn selon september 1849180 td10 asjonesjonesapjones neared salt lake city three monthslater expressed concern letter 12 october 1849

william phillips welsh mormonscormons remainwales hearing effects cholera addition

offering encouragement reluctant saints jones calledultimate philosophy matters expressed byjobbyjoejoblord giveth lord taketh away blessed

name lord udgorn sehonsebon april 18518500 108 TDtd1313

new orleanscouncil bluffs

hartley group

waiting new orleans arrival hartleylucius scoville assignment church

assist immigrants requestthomas D brown board sixty six boxes brown

asked scoville see through customs preferably withouthaving pay duty case possible brownsent 400 scoville assisted hartley passengers throughcustoms succeeded getting assigned sixty six boxesthrough duty free

william hulme president 238 hartley saints wentback board ship make final check items

may left behind found small box

48 new orleans council bluffs hartley group

containing writing desk fixtures put box underarm left boat promptly arrested

smuggling put jail await trial four days hencebox taken customhouse where lucius scovilletransacting business scoville recognized

sixty six learned hulme put prisonbail posted 750750730 mameluke steamer scoville

arranged transport immigrants upriver st louisloaded ready leave evening third may

7 0 clock hulme professor music backengland now behind bars different kind

two teenage daughters waiting him docksscoville did thing do arranged

lawyer go next morning jail post hulmesbail try clear him charges lawyer scovillelearned later did just promised mameluke howeverdeparted schedule passenger short hulme able

rejoin others shortly thereafterhappening new orleans david D

bowen recorded journal thatjohntha tJohnjohn hughes williamspresident welsh saints board hartley got drunkalthough bowen did mention repercussionsimprisonment leaders inebriety

must caused immigrating saints considerableconcern minds however soon fixed far

pressing matter choleranew orleans st louis journey hartley saints

coincided almost exactly st louis council bluffsjourney buena vista compatriots toll exacted

cholera epidemic equally disastrous 12 maynine day voyage mameluke steamer arrived

st louis lucius scoville wrote journalburied 30 saints 4 deck hands between new orleansst louis bjune8 8junejune 1849 2 ten dead among

welsh five children five adults four differentfamilies

st louis another steamboat lightfootlightfoot con-tracted take company missouri river council

new orleans council bluffs hartley group 49ao1.1

bluffs according scoville 110 passengers boarded14 may apparently nearly half original 238 remained

st louis lightfoot left st louis 100 AM15 may stopped few miles upstream mouth

missouri river bury seven immigrants diedwhile st louis two days later atjeffersonjefferson city twentyfivetwenty five

passengers taken board leftbrothers farnum applebysApple bys company

monroe scoville 8 june 1849 4 st josephanother fifteen persons boarded lightfoot thesebrother jesse havens company

30 may lightfoot reached iowa point twentypersons died cholera chief pilot

fireman among them river high currentstrong steamer progress further

want pilot take group forty five remainingmiles upstream council bluffs boat lay idle severaldays finally captain brooks whom appleby labeled baseswindler without refinement fit wood raftcaptain steamboat appleby 1 decided go backdownstream seventy five miles savannah landing

put passengers freight ashoreappleby 1 hired another steamer st croix take

hapless immigrants rest way council bluffsarrived 8 june frustrating sorrow

filled twenty five day journey even buena vistagroup difficulties accomplished fifteendays

lightfoot backtracked savannah landingwelshman determined

enough having buried wife four year old son justfew miles upriver st louis thomas davies decidedtake remaining eight children remain northwesternmissouri nineteen year old thomas jr however went con-trary fathers wishes stayed main body

saintsthirteen year old nathaniel eames stepped off

st croix council bluffs orphan nearly

50 new orleans council bluffs hartley group

month five day period just before lightfoot reachedst louis nathaniel lost father stepmotherfive year old half brother two little half sisters

little girls named jane hartley eames havingborn board hartley just two months before

end journey william owens family consistedjust three children complete family parents seven

children left liverpool three months earlierseventy seven welsh passengers hartley least twentydied between liverpool council bluffs may

among those remained st louis recordlocated

david D bowen unpaid cook hartleypassengers stayed st louis both wifemary mother law elizabeth david extremelyill took them hospital st louis where motherinlawlaw admitted cholera patient mary bowenrefused admittance however illness something

cholera bowen then left mother lawcharity hospital youngest daughter six year oldrachel whereupon took wife three miles further

city hospital left lot ofstrengersstrengersshee never seen before went back mamelukesteamer brought them grom new orleans

wrote bowen 1 I nurse my little babe eightmonths old night without mother verymiserable night

next day did bring better fortune

I1 arrived charity hospital my astonish-ment shee mother law dead beriedaeried before I1 got

I1 did see atall little girl rachel likelittle stranger I1 then went hospital where my wife

I1 found very weak & febie saidnothing take while shee water shee begged

me take miserable place I1 completedcompleyedcomple yeddesire I1 took I1 carry my back

way hospital boat through cityst louis bowen 12 may 1849 21

council bluffs 51

reached boat david mary found twomarys younger sisters sick cholera

next morning morgan david bowens father lawwent country look place live found

small branch church located dry hill sixmiles st louis kind brothers gospelthomas green william stone accompanied him back

mameluke team wagon retrievedmorgan davids family david bowens transportedthem belongings back dry hill nightnine guests three them extremely ill stayed home

brother green landlord garsaidetarsaideGarsaide gave ordersnewcomers sent away fear bring

cholera coal diggings dry hill ordersignored

next day bowen father law purchasedlittle cabin fifteen dollars short time healthyexcept mary bowen whose condition worsenedpassing each day 2233 may bowen recorded daylight morning shee very bad 4 0 clock sheeset box leaned head back wall sheedied instant without uttering word 23 may 184922 month later bowens infant daughter diedburied same grave mother

council bluffsoff water

rejoicing made difficult unfathomable sorrowenshrouded welsh immigrants dragged

council bluffs ferry Fredefrederickrickfick piercy

council bluffs 53

themselves literally city council bluffs manytimes while still wales during crossing

reviewed great anticipation what doreached council bluffs here where buena vista

249 reunite hartley 77 plus babiesann leigh mary rees sarah eames letitia thomaslikely bring forth then here where welshspeakers surrounded english speakers where

former need begin studying new languageearnest here where begin immediate

preparation make trek farther westward whereothers search employment begin nest eggstoward opportunity complete journey saltlake valley here where constant swayingrocking caused atlantic mississippimissouri cease

many however absent anticipated reunionnineteen abandoned belief mormonismsearching brighter horizons st louis northwesternmissouri sixty seven died various points alongway 1411 number hartley welsh remainedst louis care sick expectant mothers

two four mary rees letitia thomaslive see council bluffs just babiessurvive little hannah maria thomas born 13 may 1849just four days old parents carried ashorecouncil bluffs maternal grandfather dan davis

buried along shores missouri four days beforehannah marias birth

need preparations get underway employ-ment found loomed large recuperation mourning

cruelly curtailed abrupt reality situationinsufficient housing chronic condition way

station westbound saints space provided wherereally none jamming several persons already

overcrowded rooms cholera epidemic ensuedarea fear replaced frontier hospitality

kindness

54 council bluffs

council bluffs becoming rather cosmopolitanenglish norwegiansNorwegians now large band welsh inter-preters kept busy provided way com-municatingmunicating many need welsh learn english

diminished banding together formingwelsh speaking branch church first part

world 15 however communication even between personssame language often hampered sometimes

frantic atmosphere excitementthose planned cross plains season needed

arrange wagons teams expected makesalt lake city before cold weather snow came

upon them great influx immigrants employ-ment opportunities immediate vicinity plenti-ful consequently wives families often leftcouncil bluffs while men went far st louis getwork tempers short people agonizedrecent loss loved ones worried what future

bring although situation become quiteirreversible point wished

never left comforts home family backold country

isaac eliza nash together morgan margarethughes befriended father king council point

far river isaacs elizasalizas passagespaid elizabeth lewis hhorn kidwellydwellyKi south walesexchange service isaac performed

helped persuade husband sign papers allowingsale lewiss brother rather large inheritance money

then used assist number people emigrate nash5 6 isaac understood sister lewis agreed pay

him wife way rocky mountainssister lewis informed him upon reaching council bluffs

then own nash blacksmith trade obtainedwork brother ovett council point shortly thereaftercaptain jones requested nashsnases services ironingwagons nash refused wishing honor contractbrother ovett argument ensued solved

council bluffs 555 5

intervention apostle george smith nashiron wagons shoe horses do workcompany jones allow nash use team wagonfilled provisions until reached salt lake cityaddition elder smith purchased set blacksmith toolsst louis promised nash upon arriving end

journeymisunderstandings arose between elizabeth lewis

phoebe evans seventeen year old girl served sister lewismaid exchange passage phoebe became exas-

perated demands made finally packedbelongings went live sister margaret hughes

buena vista passenger dan jones soon arrivedhouse declared phoebe fulfilledpart agreement sister lewis take

clothes auction them off restitution accord-ing david D bowen following year marriedphoebe evans clothes taken sold january 185024

eight weeks required preparations completedthose continue directly salt lake

valley during time approximately 200 welshliving around council bluffs part

banded together offered mutual assistancespecial branch church set accommodate

welsh saints follow william morganmade coming council bluffs sound very attractiveletter dated 2 september 1849 president phillips backwales

advantage monoglot welshmenwelshmerWelshmenfollow people same language

same country likely many know themassociated each many times welcome them

new country englishmen here severalhundreds miles small handful welshmidst brothers sisters enjoying our freedom like birds

say word against us them very friendlyudgomudgorn selon november 1849 218 td11

56 council bluffs salt lake city 1849

dan jones arranged welsh remainedcouncil bluffs lands adjoining then

purchased land claim 150 acres near welshholdings gave william morgan administergift welsh morgan reported element prosperityamong welsh saints company

penny landed here cattle sheepnow fact I1 know family country

cow two udgorn selonscion november 1849 219 TD 11

offered encouragement brothers sisters stillwales come join abundance

council bluffssalt lake city 1849

13 july large segment welsh traileden new canaan chief paradise

world phrases song hail california tdltd1idlcovered eighteen miles thousand mile

108 day trek headed nearby elk horn rivergathering place george smith company

370 persons smith company welshnumbered eighty four just fifth

buena vista 69hartley 12

emblem 2native born american 1

tat484

emblem ship left liverpool two weeksbuena vista carried jane claudia jones

council bluffs salt lake city 1849 57

captain danjonessdan joness wife infant daughter nativeborn american little hannah maria thomas lonebreath hope midst miasma cholera along missouri

eighty four buried family members priorembarking overland journey familiesremained intact twenty eight welsh saints likely

gone salt lake valley 1849total forty male forty three

female seen according age groups patternunlike original 326 despite cholera

defections division

TABLE 7

age distribution welsh smith company

0 10 20 23.8238238258

11 17 12 14.3143143145

18 30 29 34534.5345545

31 50 18 21.4214214

51 5 60go6.060

84 100.01000

cholera altered ratio complete incomplete familyunits significantly percentage those apparentfamily attachment bit higher

TABLE 8

family units among welsh smith company

total percentage

84 100.01000

dan jones continued spiritual leaderwelsh however purposes temporal organizationwelsh divided three groups eachunder leadership captain ten person

responsible ten wagons daniel danielsthomas jeremy both buena vista two thesecaptains lysander gee americanaddition gees family familyrobert berrett traveled welsh albert bowen

ricy jones two welsh lads arrivedcouncil bluffs time prior buena vista immigrants

groupfollowing rules regulations used previouslycamps israel adopted

1 each ten travel ahead alternately accord-ing numbers

2 lost property brought captainfifties quarters

3 dogs tied dark preventannoyance guard

4 man allowed leave camphimself without consent captain

5 captains ten instruct menattend family prayers soundinghorn

6 captain fifty see guardsplaced around camp half past eight oclock each night

relieve captain herd whose dutysound horn morning men boysexempt guard duty take charge herd untilnight guard again posted

7 sounding horn morningsignal camp arise attend dutiesmorning8 camp ready start each morning

half past seven oclock9 implicit obedience officers required

every man camp

10 each man owning horses mules requiredtake them corral sundown secure them

11 each teamster without fail herd drivennight see team hand

herd12 every member camp quarters

nine oclock guard cry correct timewithout making unnecessary noise appleby 1 2

statistics camp recorded william I1 applebyclerk follows 2

ducks 23 ponies 3

turkeys 4 oxen 477crows 1 cows 214doves 2 looseguns 131 cattle 35pistols 27 sheep 105wagons 118 pigs 12souls 370 chickens 81horses 20 cats 13mules 1 dogs 20

driving team oxen yokedjoked pull covered wagonsomething totally foreign many welsh johnjohnsonjohn johnsondavies pioneer crossed few years later described

difficulties welsh group newchallenge

breakfast got cattle together triedyoke them I1 assure you quite task us

got them hitched wagon started nowcomes circus good captain watchingus aridabid telling us what do told us tat6 take whiplandwhipandwhip use

say whoa duke gee brandy now funcommenced then went them pretty lively cattlewent gee too much run off side yelling them

whoa bunting them stock whip thengo haw too much puffing sweating 160

respect how well welsh group manageddan jones wrote william phillips 12 october 1849

welsh holding under difficulties journeylearning drive oxen better my expectations

winning praise camps saintsorganization virtue skill especiallysinging udgorn selonscionsehonsebon april 1850 108 td13

singing something far naturalwelsh driving team oxen became trademark

welsh gathered around camp fires nightwilliam morgan accompanied them first few daysjourney commented pride william phillipsjohn davis

sang first part verse saw englishnorwegiansNorwegians everyone I1 think heads

wagons second part wagons emptyinstant inhabitants running toward us

charmed asked me where learnedteacher I1 said hills wales

schoolhouse spirit god teacher responsewell indeed wonderful never heard good

singing before 19 july 1850 6 td21

likely john parry directed singing reachingvalley asked brigham young organize choir

compatriots nucleus choir gained fameyears evolved what now known

mormon tabernacle choiranother talent welsh noted poetry

numbered among welsh george smith com-pany william lewis poet won several prizes

verses old country muses inspired himcompose following poem during trek westward

verses

sectarianssectarians insist sell usshame like animals

across sea our leaders dogroups cry

captain say enticed areamerthyr huge number waless children

might soldyes shipful among host

oh blind men poor souls continuecourse angry dispositionjudgment plague come upon them

false tales wind

our moses mighty chief jonesour supreme heavenly teacher

full energy holy wisdomlead us land praise

lewis 12 td22

first three hundred miles journey throughmud mire brought frequent rainstormsbrainstormsrainstormstask neophyte teamsters offered daily discouragement

wheels inched forward great reluctance heavysand encountered next change much

rest positive side however two factorsfar laramie grazing abundant loss cattle

minimalcompany following tracks groups gold

diggers crossed previous year boneshundreds cattle lay along path servedreminder animals should receive best treat-ment traveling should paced accordingcapacity

gaining two months experience completingtwo thirds journey these pioneers wished

impart new knowledge others travelsame path later point george smith ezra Tbenson dan jones sent informative letter backwilliam morgan council bluffs request morgantranslate welsh send tojohncojohnjohn davisthen publish udgomudgorn selonsewn morgan complied

request davis however judged instructions

importance published them separate pamphlettogether william morgans letter containing additionalsuggestions william lewiss verses includedtwelve page pamphlet

reading through long list christian virtuesbrothers smith benson jones recommended

forepart letter suspect loveharmony did always prevail among pioneers

following these initial observations presented many sug-gestionsgestions pragmatic nature oxen should betweenfive ten years old wagon wheels should six incheslarger normal keeping supplies dry while crossingrivers wagon loads should exceed two thousand pounds

three yoke oxen spare parts wagons shouldbrought along animals should expected cover

sixty miles each week russian duck canvasshould purchased liverpool best coverswagons provisions should obtained new orleansst louis instead relying merchants council bluffs

disappointed others unfulfilled promisesservice few good american teamsters gentleanimals should enlisted

item received special emphasis concerneduse strong drinks

our brothers come distant country where liquor scarcehard anyone get except wealthy

seldom used poor come americawhere liquor cheap being accustomeddrunkeningdrunkening effect very likely make too much use

own harm great loss reason counseleveryone under your care abstain completely refrainmaking use except necessary case illnessjones 21 september 1849 4 5 td12

must allow bit exaggeration joness partrosy depiction

letter william morgan gave number recommen-dations complemented those given brothers smith

benson jones morgan directed himself specificallyfarmers gave them american prices items

iron ploughsplougploughths iron harrows files sharpeningsaws scythe handles hay spikes wheel rim iron milkpitchers pottery billhooksbillhooks axes tongs fire shovels bellowsknives forks spoons ended reiterating counsel

given previously danjonesvanjonesdan jones individualseither break engagements get married before leaving

walescompany three hundred miles east

destination met group teamsterswagons sixty yoke oxen sent

brigham young salt lake city assistancegratefully welcomed travel weary saints gave themnew life complete leg seeminglyinterminable journey

major setback came during first week octoberapproached summit south pass

wind river chain mountains north seventhousand foot elevation snow wind suddenlybecame severe temperature dropped forcingtravelers make hasty encampment without being ableform wagons customary corral george smith

william appleby described ordeal 18 october1849 letter orson hyde

turned our cattle loose drove them willowsnear do best share fate

storm wind snow experienced think neversuperseded pottawatamiepottawatomie thirty six hours continuedhowl around us unceasingly blowing nearly hurricane drifting

snow every direction freezing fast whatevertouched being unable keep fires except few stoves

wagons content without them dobest many mother infant obliged

bed under frail covering sheltered thempitiless blast keep them perishing nothing

perhaps piece dry bread few crackers subsist uponwhile winds spent fury upon our camp canvass covering

mass ice snow drifting around us placesdepth three four feet millennial star 15 april 1818505 0

first thoughts storm abated verifiedhuman life lost animals wendedbended

our way down stream among willows indeedsorrowful sight behold our perished cattle

another cold stiff lying snow banks food wolvesravens catamounts magpies etc inhabit these moun-tainous regions countless numbers live preymillennial star 15 april 1850 126 found

upwards sixty head cattle george smiths campwell two camps immediately ahead perished

others died within few days effectsstorm while still others time recovering not-withstanding loss pioneers rejoiced

worseduring entire journey george smith reported

solitary death occurred man woman childmillennial star 15 april 1850 127 birth however

did occur little robert dan parry born 15 octoberthirty miles east fort bridger widow ann parryanns husband died missouri river

marriage william clarke widowed whilemississippi eliza thomas servant girl thejeremyjeremy

family married 14 september isaac clarkepresident company appleby journal 14 september1849

upon arriving little mountain shortly stormwelsh gathered meeting extraordinary

proposal presented according isaac nash dan jonestold welshmenwelshmerWelshmen needed stick togethernation inasmuch discriminated againstwagons animals onions potatoes sent brigham youngjones explained come primarily brother smith

americans sentcompany entirely welsh perceived unfair

valley 65

treatment jones proposed go across jordan riversettle independent nation elizabeth lewis

queen 16 willing declareindependence become subject new queenasked raise hands hands went except those

isaac nash edward ned williams asked whyraised hand nash replied

enough welsh going try americanswhile jones threatened nash cut off

book nation never restored nashwent reported entire incident george smith

accompanied nash immediately back meetingjones still speaking arrived brother smith

invited address welsh just upheldjonessupheld jonessunique proposal made very conciliatory speech94 rebels said wagons animals potatoesonions intended them much anyoneelse need them becomeindependent nation nash 8 apparently smiths appealunity successful record furtherattempts set independent welsh nation acrossjordan river feelings however betweenjonesbetween jones nashconsiderably strained incident

valley

26 october 1849 108 days trailwelsh arrived land promise eight months

clasped since stretched armsoranges thrown brethren waterloo dockfourth original 326 now main body

66 valley

church achieved goal faithfulwelsh cormonsmormonsMormons

first night valley camped northeastold emigration road where visited

brigham young familiar face dan jonesexcited presence beckonedthem now addressed them language

required interpretation president young gavethem warm welcome requested mechanics stay

city farmers go plot land nearjordan river four miles west city

seven declared themselves mechanics john parrycaleb catherine parry william eliza clark isaac

eliza nashnashjohnNashJohnjohn caleb stonemasons williamtinsmith isaac blacksmith these remained

campground while others traveled few remainingmiles receive parcels land farm own land

long dream welsh whomtenant farmers laborers wales stayed

wales unlikely ever becomeindependent landowners attraction actually owningland strong cause daniel leigh william lewis

daniel daniels point declare themselves farmerswhereas occupations wales joiner mason

stonecutterseparation mechanics farmers

isaac nash wife left without wagon sleepnash described first night valley dark

night began rain without fire beddingfood ten oclock man came us wanted

know why staying here rain told him oursituation suggested use little shanty

far off contained fireplace made firecooked food gave us began feel comfortable9 hospitable man elijah gifford extending

assistance isaac eliza nash carryinginstructions brigham young given residents

valley succor newcomers

valley 67

beginning winter short time awayhousing became pressing concern newly arrived immigrantsthomasjeremythomas jeremy family lived wagon firstmonth then rented room city four monthsbefore able complete construction homesouth temple 6thath west built willows plasteredinside home called willow basket

each welsh families received city lot ofonecofonefourth acres addition land farming

four five miles west city many welsh builthomes same vicinity area soon called

new wales land mapped blockseach measured ten acres welsh occupied

greater part three these blocks coming landhills vales these sons ofgomergomer doubt elatedlive farm flat lands salt lake valley

letter written following april thomas jeremyjoyfully announced plenty room thousands

compatriots come settle new walesstatistics concerning fruitfulness land offered greatencouragement saints wales halliday planted

bushel wheat called touse wheat got183 bushels another planted bushel potatoes

got 330 bushels said you get barleyobtained california 100 bushels plantingperhaps account too good welsh believe

yet make less true udgorn semnsewnselonoctober 1850 283 td19 according jeremytojeremy wagesvalley considerably higher wales laborerspaid 1501.50150 per day carpenters received 2002.00200 masons earned2502.50250 tailor earn 600goo6.00600 10.001000 makingsomeone coat jeremy reported welsh brothershere earn 3 4 per day digging jobamericans used digging you see how easy

live here udgorn selon october 1850 283 td19elizabeth lewis benefactress third

newly arrived welsh offered encouragement fellowsaints old country

68 valley

though salt lake valley perfect heaven noreveryone perfect yet I1 am sorry having come here

evils prophesied me backplace inhabitants fulfilled I1 believe

my duty my good lord cause send my witnessback sake those experienceI1 take heart come here 10 april1850 6 td16

sister lewis compared herself queen shebatold half good things place

inhabitants wrote joy felt beingable hear various church leaders mingle peace

harmony saints valley

I1 seen drunken person place anyonequarrellingquarrelling another I1 heard someone threaten-ing take another court except too ashamed

first place do 17 1I yet hearoath swearing street murder theft I1 know

place nor I1 seen immoralityhere begging poor here men came here

same time I1 did freeholders difficult meget anyone work my small farm 10 april 1850 7 td16

custom welsh rebaptizedreaching valley order them renew covenants

seal faithfulness lord god israel jones2200 november 1849 2 TDtd1414 permission obtainedpresident young establish welsh branch church

hold worship services welsh language thomasjeremy appointed president unique branchdaniel daniels rice williams counselors welshbranch first several foreign language branchesestablished salt lake city accommodate various ethnicgroups settled

1850 census shows welsh two groupsplus few scattered several places greaterpart them chose settle new wales sixty four

eighty four crossed george smith

council bluffs salt lake valley 1852 69

company together until fall 1850time fifteen went settle manti dan jane

claudiajonesclaudia jones elizabeth lewis time marrieddanjonesvanjonesdan jones six children rees thomas mary evans

married then sarah davis owen owenslittle david davis orphaned mother margaret died

missouriisaac nash caleb parry wives

parts salt lake city many others marriedsettled families spouses mary davis

marriage james switzler among first marrynon welshman marriages undermined preserva-

tion welsh language culture although manychildren welsh pioneers learned welsh language

customs grew things became less lesscommon each succeeding generation

council bluffssalt lake valley 1852

life 113 welsh converts council bluffsseveral others remained st louis offered numerousdifficulties challenges gone ahead

george smith company compatriots simplyresources exhausted time com-

pleted atlantic crossing ascension two riversfew may wherewithal continue

valley same year requested stay behindpreside buena vista hartley emigrants

70 council bluffs salt lake valley 1852

organized body welsh saints council bluffsfuture immigrants same language warmwelcome addition instruction guidance how

complete journey valley housingprovided employment information given

assistance getting fitoutsfitouts availablewilliam morgan selected preside welsh

branch church council bluffs morgan wrote severalletters brethren wales give them benefit

experience encourage saints oldcountry begin preparations immediately emigration

sent them copies frontier guardian newspaperpublished mormonscormons council bluffs returnmorgan receive ample supply udgorn semnsewnselonperiodical succeeded prqphwydyjubi1iprophwydyjubili con-tained news mormonscormons wales

morgan liberal dispenser counsel advicehow make sea voyage enjoyable

letter dated 2325 december 1849 wrotepresident phillips advise everyone

emigrating take care boxes strong madedry wood suffered losses boxes

dry clothes become mouldybouldy potatoesocean very desirable herrings oat flour

bacon dried beef pepper mustard salt pickles onionsoranges udgorn semnsewnselon february 18501830 3252 td15td13

recommended bring brandybeneficial warm stomach weather cold

sea roughmany gold diggers headed california expected

pass through council bluffs spring 18501830saints made considerable profit selling provisionsthem morgan saw reason why next company welshshould take advantage opportunity well

promised send further information what itemsemigrants should purchase britain selling america 18

morgan reported performing two marriages amongwelsh end 1849 maryjonesmary jones tojohncojohnjohn williams

alice richards edward evans alexander owens diedyellow fever william phillips inform owenssoweiss wife

twynrodyn suburb merthyr tydfil cholera accord-ing morgan longer problem st louis

reached council bluffs 19

able obtain jobs council bluffs areaothers forced travel way back st louisfind work october 1849 john hughes williams rees pricemorgan hughes noahjonesnoah jones william lewis20alllewis20 ailali returned

st louis hopes getting employment coaldiggings gravois place vicinity st louis

met david D bowen morgan davidstopped off st louis back april illnesses

wives childrenbowen widower time informed rees price

phoebe evans council bluffs seventeen year oldoidwelsh girl whom bowen should consider marrying follow-ing spring bowen took prices advice traveled

bluffs where courted then wed young phoebe evansreturn st louis resulted very cool reception

part morgan hughes phoebesphoebeaPhoebes brother lawbowen obtained permission marriagemorgan davids daughters sisters law bowen bittertoward phoebe possibly least two them

just old just eligibleduring next two years bowen worked saved

towards making overland journey salt lake valleytimes earned much twentyfivetwenty five dollars per weektimes amount far less two occasions

periods several weeks totally incapacitated illnessincome others fellow welsh saints

faced similar circumstancesjune 1852 remaining buena vista

hartley immigrants fitted ready beginjourney rocky mountains disease misfortunedefection reduced numbers winter

1850 much illness among saintscouncil bluffs william treharne among fatalities 21

noah jones poet died brights disease fall1818515 1 dying wish orphaned fourteen year olddaughter mary allowed cross plains welshsaints following year 1818525 2 explosion steamersaluda killed william rowland two children

during three years william morganfellow welsh converts remained council bluffsjoined welsh mormonscormons various parts walesthose afford continue immediately valleydid however stayed council bluffs until 1852

bulk remaining welsh saints traversedplains together

nine wagons mormonscormons traveledgravois council bluffs join otherscrossing among these david D bowen madeenough money januarybyjanuary 1852 purchase two yoke oxen

wagon shares thomas vargo pur-pose going salt lake valley small band mettogether st louis 6 april 1818525 2 began journeyacross state missouri council bluffsstayed together far lexington where bowen vargostruck own shared wagonst joseph misunderstanding occurred between two

decided part company each received yoke oxencow half wagon bowen sold share wagonvargo put wife child steamer st louis

proceeded finish remainder journeycouncil bluffs foot three animals once reachedcouncil bluffs mid may made agreementolder gentleman name daniel shearer bowen agreed

haul him luggage salt lake city exchangewagon shearer owned then bowen worked

unloading steamboats hauling wood until main bodyprepared depart month later

2211 june welsh gathered near winter quarterswhere visited apostle ezra T bensonneeded interpreter translate bensons instructionshow organized crossing william morgan

appointed captain fifty welsh few englishfrench made fifty wagons counselors

william davis rees jones williams daviss soninlawson lawthree days later crossed missouri campedwinter quarters another three days

morning 28 june company finally gotunder way bowen lamented 1 I deal troublemy cattle broken very whiled wildyoung day started grom winter quarters very hotI1 lebouredleboured hard cattle sweat much I1

headache bad I1 blind day2288 june 1818525 2 afternoon william davis showed

lack experience driving team running wagonanother breaking axletree delay until

following day while repairs mademorgan reported five buffaloes killed during

crossing described taste similar welsh beefcustom ride ahead camp determine

trail places suitable stoppingoccasion morgan found himself midst

several hundred sioux greeted appearedchief how do mormon good morgan then

taken indian camp mile half away whereinvited sit down smoke pipe peace

chiefs morgan compared unique custom hand-ing around shilling jug taverns wales each

take drink udgorn semnsewn 27 august 1853183318351855 145 td30whole journey 1852 welsh pioneers

considerably pleasant thosecrossed 1849 outset william morgan reportedcheerily letter dated 22 june 1852 saints

good health each canvas tent whitesnow much milk our camp thrown casually

bathwaterbathwater used three four merthyr colliersuse close

need udgorn semnsewnsemuselon 7 august 1852 259 60 td2820 september 1852 near end journey morgan

wrote weather unusually moderate

udgorn semnsewnselon 8 january 1853183318351855 32 td29experienced rainstormsbrainstormsrainstorms snow even wentthrough mountain pass buried 1849 pioneers

snow four welshmenwelshmerWelshmen however died before reachedvalley these nine year old son

widow martha howells morgan describes happening

administered him through ordinances churchjesus christ according scriptures next night

strolling around camp fell sick again day twobro taylor myself administered him again died

spite everything everyone udgomudgorn semnsewnsehonsebon 8 january 185332 td29

company reached fort laramie crossedsouth side platte river unusually high water

river made crossing difficult many things lostconsequence few days later arrived deer creek

where stayed several days here david D bowendifficulty brother shearer

here I1 quarrell old sherar consequence wagonpromise me hauling him luggage salt lake

city said did calculate give me wagonget men settle between us promise again

give me wagon I1 going leave him wagonI1 listen fair promises haul him along again

29 september 1852 30

number cattle died devils gate short time latercompany divided several partiesparries david D

bowens ten traveled alone rest way valley23 september reached mouth emigration

canyon where visited bishop lorenzo D youngbrigham young brother main message accordingbowen d mind number first principle

valley two days later went down salt lake cityarriving early afternoon bowens wagon partneronce again decided part wagonbishop joseph D noble asked arbitrate matterdecided bowen shearer should each half

devils gate frederick piercy

shearer unwilling sell half buy bowens halffinally bowen sold half man san peteexchange twenty dollars lumber

main body welsh eighty milessalt lake valley reunion

beloved captaincaptain jones jones together thomas jeremydaniel daniels called brigham young

return wales another mission three yearselapsed since 1849 group left council bluffs

emotions strong 1852 group welcomedjoneswelcomed jonesmidst morgan described reunion letter dated

20 september 1852 shaking hands embracing weep-ing kissing went bank river wheredanjonesvanjonesdan jones left horse having traveled twenty

thirty miles during night ahead company ordermeet us decided spend day friendship

converse each things pertaining

5uu4.4

113110170

vav100

council bluffs salt lake valley 77

kingdom our god oh brethren how sweet wordspoured lips udgorn semnsewnselon 8 january 1853 33td29

later day thomasjeremythomas jeremy daniel daniels arrivedwelsh gathering drank deeply old friendships

joined camaraderie jones gave morgan letterpresent bishop edward hunter just soon

arrived company valley morganmoved letter quoted segment ownletter dated 2255 june 1853 phillips davis back wales

esteemed bishop hunter many my compatriots com-ing across 13th company I1 do know conditionperhaps money provisions scarce

reach valley I1 shall grateful you furnishing themneeds through hand brother morgans sic I1 shall

pay you manti san pete valley udgomudgorn seiondeion 272 7 august1853 147 td30

few days later several welsh brethren arrivedcamp these traveled thirty miles

salt lake city load watermelonswatermelons mushmelonsmushmelonspotatoes pickle cucumbers grapes etc these delicaciescame welcome treat those spent threemonths trail two days later just before campreached little mountain found multitudebrethren morgan udgorn deionseion 27 august 1853 144td30 awaiting them wagons fruit vegetables

valley among group john parry caleb parrydaniel leigh owen roberts cadwalader owensdelighted having ranks swelled newcomersthese 1849 pioneers extended sincere loving welcome

compatriotsmorgan pleased how crossing gone

although journey long I1 considered nothingenjoyment every step way udgorn selon 27 august1853 146 td30 gave equally positive comments concern-ing everything everyone valley predicted

salt lake temple completed three years hence 22

conclusion

several thousand welsh saints journeyed saltlake valley during next decade usually cameclusters rather companies 560 sonsgomer board samuel curling 1856 constituting

notable exception many them settled samegeographical areas malad city southern idahospanish fork city fifty five miles south salt lake city

initially welsh communities first second genera-tion cambriansCambrians conscientious preservationlanguage observance periodic welsh celebrations

turn century manyjonesesmany joneses davisesdaviselDaviseswilliamseswilliarnseswilliamsenWilliamses spoke great pride welsh

ancestry do however english

notes1 california name applied western america

including region now known utah

2 welsh mormon folklore faith promoting apocryphalstory sinking buena vista boat leaky

english said let them go downdamned mormonscormons board butjonesjones being seaworthy wise repaired

ship prayers each day safety camcamee acrossocean unloaded everything upon docks much water soakedspoiled ship sank harbor heart throbs 24

3 led wonder jonessatjonessponess estimate number onlookersemphatic use hyperbole unusual joness writings

4 see appendixes further information passengers

5 welsh protestants oppositioncatholic church anglican church well consequently

notes 79

referred themselves nonconformists those refusedconform religious policies king henry VIII

6 writers often attribute college education captain danjonesvanjonesdan jonesdistinction utterly impossible him given

circumstances laboring class background gone sea ageseventeen somehow acquired high degree polish speaking

writing university trained nineteenth century waleshowever taken place gentleman never

soiled hands things anchors riggingsbiggingsriggings

7 warners spelling maintained

8 jones intended letter published udgornvdgom semnsewnselonzions trumpet length however nearly 10000 words

davis combined thomasjeremysthomas jeremysjeremasJeremys smaller letter 1800 wordsforeword own published twenty four page pamphlet

entitled naneshaneshanesymfudiadyymfudiady saint i gallGalicalifornianorniafornia accountsaints emigration california

9 wales term babylonians used mormonscormons referwelsh citizens used here refers eight non mormon cabin

passengers

10 reference achan old testamentdisobedience causes much consternation among israelites follow-

ing seige jericho see joshua 7

11 william hulme mentions first baby letter seedavid peterss records information second

12 see ashton 66 detailed explanation concerning twosteamers

13 jeremy used welsh early journals however knowingdescendants probably speak welsh kept later journalsenglish second language

14 these figures considerably higher accurate recordsperiod kept yet surface

15 many lowry peters h34 lived another fiftyyears go graves speakers welsh

16 elizabeth lewis called welsh queen many yearsafterwards thought actually welsh queen few knewhowever how title arisen

80 notes

17 numerous court cases held salt lake city prior elizabethlewiss letter someone heard threatening takeanother court dan jones 2222 april 1818505 0 jones

awarded 25917239.1723917 edward williams debt duecaptain jones according hosea stout joness lawyerassistance helping him williams wales stout 2367 howjones four years missionary wales able proffer assistance

williams how williams collier before emigrating obtainedwherewithal just six months salt lake valley pay settle-ment tojonestijonesjones certainly legitimate answerable questionsfact thatjonesjones married wealthy elizabeth lewis two weeks arriv-ing valley may provide clarification first questionelizabeth said ofjonesjones letter john davis capt jones

evil man prophesied himreceived nor tried get my money I1 heard

anyone company loser pennyhim 10 april 1850 8 td16

18 letter containing information ever appearedudgomudgorn semnsewnselon

19 while welsh saints being decimated cholera alongmississippi missouri rivers mid 1849 same disease

reached epidemic proportions merthyr tydfil area victimsreverend W R davies person coined epithet

latter day satanists

20 three men name william lewis amongemigrants stayed council bluffs instead continuingdirectly utah number 70 buena vista passenger list

2211 daughter jane sick several daysheard fathers death administered brother abel evanswhereupon arose immediately rode six miles horseback attend

fathers funeral see ashton 79

22 actual completion salt lake temple until nearlyfour decades later

appendixes

appendixalphabetized list

buena vista hartley welsh passengers

numbers keyed appendixes B C those H indicatehartley passengers others buena vista passengers

BOWEN anne h21 DAVIS margtmaegt 209david h73 mary 94mary hig mary jane h64morgan h20 mary ouberyaubery 224

CHILDS david 215 morgan h12CLARK francis h41 phoebe h63

william h40 radialrachal 233DANIELS dan 128 rachel h18

david 131 sarah 90mary 129 sarah 93thomas 130 sarah 223

DAVISDA VIS ann 92 sophia h72anne h15 stephen h71catherine h42 thomas 85

dan 89 thomas h62dan 91 thomas h65david 86 william 6

david 183 wm 83david 210 wm 232dinna 95 EAMES elenor h56edmund h70 john h55eliza 40 nathaniel hyzeliza 88 nathaniel h54eliza h13 sarah h53eliza h14 EDWARDS edward 237eliza h66 edward 239eliza lee 84 eliza 238elizabeth 5 jno 240emma h17 mary 241george h68 peter h36griffith 211 EVANS chas h61hannah hig david 172

henry 87 david 201

hugh 222 edward 206

jane h67 evan 208margaret h69 even 199margret 52 janet 200

buena vista hartley welsh passengers list 83

EVANS margtmaegt 203 JONES david 220mary 207 eliza 190igomorgan 205 emma 221rachel 204 ester 197william 202 esther 14

EVENSHVBNS chariot 50 even jos 196edw 179 evens 120marymaty 171 henry 64pheabe 51 hugh h58

EYNON charlotte h32 jacob 3

elizabeth h29 jane 65james h28 jane 102

louesa h30 jane 107martha h31 jane 188

FRANCIS ann 167 jane h59benin 165 jno 101loliolbenin 170 jno 105loydan 168 jno 139margret 166 jno 162margret 169 jno 182

GILES edwd 63 jno 191iglmaria 62 jno 198sarah 132 jno h75thsohs 61 letetia h76

HUGHES maegtmargt 112 lewis 4morgan ill111iiilillii maegtmargt 125

HUGHS eliza 225 marian 193

JAMES eliza 195 mary 2

jno 194 mary 15

JEREMY ester 160 mary 106loghannah 157 mary i 122

jno 155 mary 181margret 159 noah 13marymaty 161 owen h57sarah 154 rees 138sarah 158 rees 180thmsehms 153 robert h74thmsehms 156 robert h77

JINKINS mary 57 sarah log109wm 56 thomas 184

JNO thomas 231 thomas 189JONES ann 104 williams 192

ann h35 wm 103105benj 187 LEIGH ann 32ceteria 110 ann 36charlotte 123 ann 77

dan I11 anna 82

dan 121 daniel 31david 108 daniel 34

84 appendix

LEIGH henry 79 OWENS cadwallader hyojno 33 elenor h44jno 81 jane h51mary 35 margaret h45samuel 76 owin cadwallader h48sophia 80 richard h46wrnarn 78 william h43

LEWIS ann 72 wmwin h47ann 163 PARRY ann 213215

calvan 46 caleb 216

david 100loo cathrine 217

elizaellzaeilza 42 edward 212

elizaellzaeilza 45 edwd 214

jno 44 jno 67

lewis 48 mary 68mary 71 PETERS david h33sarah 47 lowry h34thomas 43 lowry h39wrnarn 66 sarah h38win 70 PHILLIP benin 151

win 73 david 147

MATHIOS ada 135155 david 150

jonah 137157 elizabeth 152

margret 134 mary 148

sila 136 sarah 149

thomas 133153 PRICE daniel 25

MORGAN barbaradarbara 245 evan 23

cecilia 243 harriett 24

edward 12 jane 21

elizaeilza 244 mary 22

jane 164 rees 20mary 246 ruth 26morgan 242 REES david 230250sarah 247 eben 54

thomas 48 jane 229wm 10 jno 226wm 11 mary 227

NASH elizaeilza 53 william 228isack 49 RICHARDS allicealike 8mary 75 ann 9

thomas 74 david 7

ORMOND dorothy h24 david 127

elizaeilza h26 david hiohloellinor h27 eliza 28

jno h22 emma 30jno h23 jno 27

letetia h25 mary hah9OWENS alexralear 186 thomas hah8

aliceallceaiice h49 thomas hilhiihll

buena vista hartley welsh passengers list 85

RICHARDS william 29 TREHARN jane 116ROBERTS owin h37 mary 115

ROWLAND ann 177 sage 118benjaman 19 sarah 117

david 178 wmWRI 113115

job 16 wm 119ilgmary 17 WILLIAMS ann 218marymaty 175 edwd 58

rachal 174 eleanor hgorachal 176 eliza 38thomas 18 jinkins 185wm 173 jno 234254

STEPHENS rees 249 john hah1THOMAS ann 141 john hah5

ann 144 john hughes hah3benjbeni 96 margaret hah6benindenin 140 mary 60daniel 98 mary 235255daniel 142 mary 236abenrebenr 69 mary ann hah2elisa 146 mary ann hah4letitialeditia 97 naomis hah7margtmaegt 219 rice 37morgan 41 samuel 39rees 99 safiahsofiah 59

samuel 145 wm 55sarah 143 wm 124

TREHARN ann 114 wm 126

listed david giles appendix B

bluffs

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x x x X

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david D bowen morgan david bowen11731731751 h20

william clarkdark daniel daniels1440 bv128

thomas daniels ann davidbv130 h15

elizabeth david emma davidh14 h17

hannah david morgan davidhigh16 h12

rachel david george davishgrh68

thomas davis jr thomas davis srh65 h62

mary evans phoebe evansbv171 bvmbv5bv511

margaret francis sarah gilesbv166 bv132

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mary jones william lewisbv15 bv66

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william morgan isaac nashbv10 bv49

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103105

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eliza thomas rees thomasbv146 bv99

samuel thomas jane treharnecharneTrbv145 bvmbv1bv11616

mary treharne sage treharnebv115 bvmbv1bv11818

sarah treharne william treharneBVbv117117 BVbv119119ilg

appendix Dbiographical sketches

bowen david D h73 Llanelli cook boardhartley wife child died st louis married

phoebe evans bv51 left sizeable journal containsmany interesting details crossing life st louis

trek across plains died 1904 nephi utah

clark william h40 cardiganshireCardiganshire widowed whilemississippi river married eliza thomas bv146

14 september 1849 while plains died 1890 maladidaho eliza died nine years later malad

daniels danlerdanieldanleadamew128BV 12 8 Carmarthen crossed plainswife mary two sons 1849 returned wales

danjonesvanjonesdan jones thomasjeremythomas jeremy 1852 serve missionsucceeded danjonesvanjonesdan jones mission president 1856 became editor

udgomudgorn selonyelon two years died 1893 malad idaho

david morgan h12 Llanelli left wales wife sixdaughters soninlawson law david D bowen h73 morgans wifeeliza married daughter mary died st louiseighteen years baptist before converting mormonism died

1888 spanish fork utah daughter elizabeth marriedwilliam thomas died 1890 ann married william warner

died 1900 hannah married morgan hughes bv111BV 111iliill11

died 1925 emma married alfred rees died 1915 rachelmarried george chambers died 1920

davis danierdanieldanlerdaniebv89bv89 carmarthenmarthenCar died 9 may 1849missouri leaving wife sarah responsibility sonfour daughters traveling davisesdavisel marrieddaughter letitia husband benjamin thomasyear old son daniel letitia gave birth baby girl hannah maria

baby survive born during crossing13 may 1849 just before buena vista emigrants arrivedcouncil bluffs sarah davis died 1864 box elder county utah

biographical sketches 107

davis eliza bv40 traveling maid someone elsebuena vista group apparently things

liking arriving council bluffs just seven days laterthomas jeremy made entry journal betsy davis wentback 24 may 1849

davis hugh bv222BV222 liverpool schoolmastergroup wife sarah first person original

326 die mary ouberyaubery davis daughter appears 1850federal census utah james switzler consequentlyamong first welsh mormonscormons cross culturalmarriage

davis margaret bv209 young mother three yearold david baby griffith died 2 may 1849 missouririver just day st louis griffith died six days laterdavid isaac eliza nash crossed plainsfew weeks being orphaned appears 1850census dan jones family manti

davis sarah bv223 died buena vista just eight daysdeparting liverpool first person original 326 people

die health according dan jones very poor evenembarked husband hugh bv222BV222 daughter

mary bv224BV224 jones preached funeral sermon describedoccasion considerable detail account crossing

davis sarah thomas bv90 carmarthenshire left two marriedchildren wales husband daniel died 9 may 1849missouri river left four daughters son sarahdied 1864 perry utah

davis thomas h62 montgomeryshireMontgomery shire became disenchantedmormonism difficulties encountered reaching

council bluffs death wife four year old sonstephen thomas eight nine remaining children settled

northwestern missouri instead continuing nineteenyear old son thomas elected remain main bodywent grave faithful mormon thomas sr died 1891kansas thomas jr died 1903 idaho

108 appendix D

damdawdavisdatis william bv232BV232 rhymni family firstwilliam henshaw many converts south wales

baptized 19 february 1843 william wife rachel settledkanarravilleKanar raville utah died 1865 rachel died 1882

kanarravilleKanar raville

eamesfames nathaniel h52 ffestiniog travelingsecond wife sarah two children themnathaniel eamesseimess thirteen year old son first wifechildren left behind wales rejoin them later utah

baby jane hartley eames born nathaniel sarah whileboard hartley entire family except nathaniel jr

died within week each before reaching council bluffsyoung nathaniel crossed plains 1849 david petersfamily appears 1850 census older brother david

time reached valley

eames sarah h53 second wife nathaniel eamesh52 mother two children during crossing

hartley sarah gave birth another child givenname jane hartley eames family sarahs stepsonnathaniel escaped death missouri river

edwards peter h36 ffestiniog nephew david peters

accompanied peters family way utah 1849

evans mary bv171BV1717 1 journeyed liverpool council bluffsservant benjbenjaminbeniaminamin francis BVbv16516 5 family four

six members francis family succumbed cholera alongmissouri mary services longer needed traveled

benjamin thomas bv96 family council bluffs saltlake city married rees thomas bv99 utah trekacross plains died 1907 thomas 1893 both avonmontana

evans phoebe bvmbv5bv511 merthyr tydfil servant girlelizabeth lewis council bluffs phoebe left sister lewis

what felt unjust demands made went livesister margaret hughes result clothes con-

fiscatedfisca ted auctioned off 1850 married david D bowenh73 left widower cholera epidemic

eynon james h28 pembrokeshirePembrokeshire wife elizabethparents seven daughters earliest

converts pembrokeshirePembrokeshire south wales elizabeth died choleramissouri river louisa three daughters

accompanied parents hartley became polygamoussecond wife israel clarkdarkoark utah manifesto denounc-ing polygamy appeared 1890 louisa went live sonhyrum

francis benjamin bv165BV 165 llanybydder 30 april 1849died cholera second victim among buena vistaemigrants eight days later widow margaretdaughter left cholera taken away daughtertwo sons surviving daughter annantiantl married thomas howellsfour years later eventually thirteen children margaret died

salt lake city 1886

francis margaret evans bv166BV 166 cardiganshireCardiganshire whilemissouri river lost husband daughter two sonsvictims cholera margarets child survive daughterann married thomas howells four years later thirteenchildren margaret survived even daughter margaret diedsalt lake city 1886 twelve years anns passing 1874

giles thomas bv61 monmouthshireMonmouthshire lay baptistminister before joining mormon church 1845 several monthsbefore thomas maria left wales son thomasleft blind accident coal mine later pulled hand-cart across plains gained fame utah blindharpist thomas sr died 1850 council bluffs maria died

1866 ogden utah daughter sarah married lorin farr18518511 second wife six bore him nine children

sarah died 1892 ogden

henshawhenohens kawhaw william cornwall although welshman norpassenger buena vista hartley instru-

mental conversion many first welsh mormonemigrants first mormon missionary proselytemerthyr tydfil where experienced considerable success during

three year period 1843 1846 time danjonesvanjonesdan jones

110 appendix D

took henshawHenshaws place december 1845 five hundred convertsbrought LDS faith under henshaw leadership

1851 henshaw sailed america olympus wifefour children died st louis 1870

hughes margaret evans bvmbv1BVbv11211212 wife morganhughes bv111BV 111 sister phoebe bv51 later marrieddavid D bowen h73 passenger buena vista

reaching utah 1852 margaret divorced husbandlater married bishop william pace

hughes morgan bvmbv1BVbv111111iiiili11 carmarthenmarthenCar remained councilbluffs wife margaret order save money continue

way utah morgan margaret divorcedreaching utah morgan later married hannah david high16bore him thirteen children morgan died 1890 spanish forkhannah lived almost ninety

jeremy sarah evans bv154BV1545 4 carmarthenshire left waleshusband thomas two sons five daughters missouri

river three daughters died cholera two day periodsarah gave birth three daughters son reachingutah two occasions left full responsibilityrearing family while husband returned walesmissionary died 1878

jeremy thomas bv153BV153 llanybydder baptizedCarmarthen 3 march 1846 earliest converts

area became dan joness intimate friendswife sarah lost three little girls cholera two nights

while missouri river thomas returned wales twooccasions do missionary work died salt lake city1891 sarah died 1878 among many descendantsmarvin jeremy ashton member council twelveapostles church jesus christ latter day saintswendell jeremy ashton former publisher deseret news

john thomas bvmbv2BVbv2312313 1 according dan jones letter march1851 td24 8 few welsh succumbed4 yellow fever spent time mining gold california

biographical sketches 111illliilil

1854 back wales where wrote very apologeticletter dan jones maligningmaligning him letter appearedudgomudgorn sebonselon 29july29 july 1854 454511 didjonessdid joness letter forgiveness29 july 1854 451 52

jones benjamin bv187BV 187 di whole family exceptwife became blemished unfaithfulness went away along

road destruction gallop today dan jones letter30 april 1849 td9tda 123 benjamins son williamdaughter law marian excommunicated two days before

buena vista reached new orleans evidencebenjamins wife jane stayed main body saintsalthough dan joness comment appearsopposed rest family apostasy

jones dan avibvlbvi flintshireFlintshire mariner steamboatcaptain many years before joining church 1843 curious

inaccurate word saints entered occupationcolumn buena vista passenger list nine nineteenyears between conversion mormonism death provo

utah 1862 missionary among compatriots danswife jane daughter claudia traveled emblem leftliverpool two weeks buena vista however caught

him council bluffs dan married elizabeth lewis bv42shortly arrived utah returningsecond mission wales 1818575 7 married mary matilda latriellejane died provo 1861 dan survived six young childrentwo each wife died chronic lung illness

age fifty daughter claudia married hyrurnjameshyrum james dennis1866 died 1903 provo

jones davibv220davidbv220 wife emma did continueemigrants past st louis appears dan joness letter

30 april 1849 td9tda 123 left benjaminjonesbeniaminbenjamin jonesfamily david giles bv215BV215

jones evan bv120BV 12020 age ninety two oldestemigrants ministers liverpool tried dissuade himcrossing sea predicted survive voyage

I1 am determined through power god prove them

112 appendix D

false prophets reply according danjonesvanjonesdan jones danjonesvanjonesdan jonessaid him lost hair except few strands white

snow now abundant new crop just likehair child feels younger youngerletter 18 april 1849 15 td7tda evan jones did complete

crossing atlantic ascension mississippimissouri however died just four days reaching

council bluffs

jones jane meilingmoilingmelling denbighshireDenbigh shire although wifecaptain danjonesvanjonesdan jones did sail him buena vistaappears plan remain wales untilhusbands return completing task leading groupemigrants salt lake city reason behind arrangement

birth daughter claudia 8 february 1849 less

week time group meet swanseaen route liverpool those days new mothers expectedremain confined several weeks apparentlyapparentlyjane jane did agree

procedure nor plan wait walesreturn husband 12 march 1849 just two weeks

following departure buena vista babydaughter sailed board emblem liverpool caught

dan jones council bluffs crossed plainshim george smith company dan jane tenchildren two whom grew maturity jane died ageforty two provo 1861

jones noah bv13 merthyr tydfil penned lamentemigrant quoted text death wife esther

board highland mary cared twelve year olddaughter mary st louis until death 1851 brightsdisease according wish friends took mary across

plains them married james dunster 1854 borehim ten children died salt lake city 1886

jones owen h57 ffestiniog lost sight eyechild working slate quarry

wales even though totally blind jones workedtwentyfivetwenty five years mail carrier brigham city utah havingmemorized layout city died 1894

jones thomas bv184BV 184 member familyaccept mormonism just twenty years old still home

parents having heard scurrilous stories mormonscormonsMormonsforbade him attend further meetings accordingdescendants thomas climbed bedroom windowran away utah yorkjonesyork jones 6 thomas married sage treharnebvmbv1bv11818 1852 left widow ten years later six smallchildren sage married samuel leigh bv76 1868 died1897

leigh danierdanieldanlerdanielbv31bvmbv3 1 Llanelli brother samuel leighbv76 daniels son daniel died cholera missouri

daniel sr crossed plains 1849 family settledmalad where died 1866 daughter mary married

nephi campbell died 1932

leigh samuel bv76 Llanelli brother daniel leighbvmbv31bv31 lost wife baby cholera missouri river

baby just week old having born boardconstitution two days before group arrived st louis28 april 1849 year later samuel married mary treharnebvmbv1bv11515 council bluffs 1868 married sage trtreharneeharnejonesjonesbvmbv1BVbv11811818 time widow six small children

1876 returned wales missionary died cedarcity 1894 mary died 1881 sage died 1897

lewis elizabeth bv42 Kidwelly married david lewisleft wales six children 1849 part davids

sizeable inheritance sold brotherjamesbrothbrother jameserjames just few weeksbefore departure buena vista david remainedwales tidy unfinished business much moneyused assist number emigrants get councilbluffs eventually utah elizabeth crossed plains4 4 spring wagon married captain dan jones two weeksarriving marriage brigham youngs approval donewithout knowledge elizabeths husband stillwales lived manti several years eventually settled

salt lake city where died 1895

114 appendix D

lewis william bv66 fishguardFish guard widoweremigrated having left behind seventeen year old daughter

eleven year old son later sent money children joinhim utah william wrote poetry under pen name gwilymdduaddu won prizes verses wales evenwhile crossing plains wrote poem see td21td2tda1 shortlyarriving salt lake city married charity arms whom

two children william died 1875 salt lake city

mathias thomas bv133BV 133 carmarthenshire wifemargaret stayed council bluffs two three children

thirteen year old daughter ada bv135BV 135 went danieldaniels family utah 1849 possibly help widowed mother

two small children daniels family ada diedchildbirth 1861 sister zillah bv136BV 136 1857 becameplural wife tojohncojohnjohn D rees bv226 bore him nine children

died 1923 age 84 thomas mathias died brigham city1887 margaret died 1871 brigham city

morgan jane BVbv164164 cardiff traveling maidthomasjeremythomas jeremy family danjonesvanjonesdan jones wrote during cross-

ing jane morgans cardiff suffered painful soreslegs off nine years considered com-

pletely incurable doctors worsening becomediscouraged church ordinances faith

weakened 18 april 1849 15 td7tda jane did continueutah thejeremys apparently crossed 1852

william morgan company married john D rees bv226few weeks arriving salt lake city died followingyear cancer

morgan morgan bv242BV242 merthyr tydfil stayed familycouncil bluffs eleven year old sarah died missouri

family eventually settled malad where morgan died 1878wife cecilia died 1887 mt pleasant utah

morgan william bv10 glamorganshireGlamorganshire widower beforeemigration selected preside welsh branch

church council bluffs led welsh fiftywagons crossed plains 1852 letters

wrote council bluffs appendix E son williamdied missouri son edward accompanied himutah 1853 married martha williams howells widowwilliam howells first missionary france morgan died1889 willard utah

nash isaac bv49 Kidwelly exchange financial assistance

journeying utah assisted elizabeth lewis prior emigra-tion convincing husband sign papers sale

property kidwellydwellyKi south wales isaac recorded journalnumerous details concerning sea land travels

buena vista group grandmother brother died choleramissouri wife eliza came close dying saved

own life drinking water while others asleep isaaceliza divorced reaching utah isaac married twowives spent three months prison 1885 polygamydied 1907 franklin idaho

ormondOrmonormondjohnjojnjohndJohn h22 pembrokeshirePembroke shire joined church 1845

first do pembrokeshirePembrokeshire wife elizabeth didshare enthusiasm mormonism refused accompany

him wished emigrate three unmarried childrenstayed mother wales five went father

america howjohnrowjohnhow john convinced wife part little threeyear old ellinor four clear elizabeth declaredherself widow four years later remarried john eventuallymarried three wives died 1883 kanosh utah

children sailed him hartley ellinorletitia both died cholera 8 may 1849 dorothy died 1851

council bluffs john married jane jones 1818525 2 died 1913logan elizabeth married george tall 1856 died 1932

owens william h43 ffestiniog left liverpool eightmembers family three survived reach council bluffs

parents four children died between 5 may18 may mississippi missouri rivers cadwallader marriedelizabethjoneselizabethellzabethelizabcth jones 1851 died 1898 ionalona idaho margaretmarried robert wardrop 1851 died 1913 william married

jane parson 1857 died 1913 willard utah

116 appendix D

parry annjonesannanuamu jones bv213BV213 flintshireFlintshire first stagespregnancy while crossing buena vista faced dualchallenge seasickness morning sickness husbandedward died missouri river ann left widowfive year old son five months later during crossing george

smith company salt lake city thirty mileseast fort bridger ann gave birth son robert dan 1851ann became plural wife david peters h33 bore himfive children died age forty brigham city utah 1863

panyparrypurry caleb bv216BV216 newmarket catherine vaughn evans

bv217 married 26 february 1849 same daybuena vista set sail calebs parents board eight years

reaching utah caleb became polygamist 1870called serve mission great britain died year laterbirmingham victim small pox catherine died 1893marriott utah

pareyparrypany edwardbv212edwarfedward wiil newmarket distant relative calebdied missouri widow ann bore him posthumouschild five months later way salt lake city latermarried david peters h33 died brigham city utah1863

panyparry john bv67 newmarket preacher baptistseven own church john parrys association fashionedalexander campbells views before converting mormonism

1846 parrys likelihood distinguishedwelsh join church time caused great

excitement among welsh mormonscormons count parrys

brothers gospel johns wife mary died cholera sameday highland mary landed council bluffs johnaccompanied son caleb daughter law catherine utah

1849 john asked brigham young form choirsinging compatriots nucleus choir evolved what

known today mormon tabernacle choir 1854 johnmarried harriet parry bore him five children

born john seventy three john parry died 1868

salt lake city

peters david h33 ffestiniog owned woolen millffestinlogffestiniog north wales before joined mormonscormonsMormons

forty members ffestiniog branch twenty seven emigrated1849 three board hartley eleven died cholera

mostly members williamowenswilliam owens nathaniel eamesfamilies david sold factory order emigrate money

paid him family plus five others marriedann jones parry bv213 1851 plural wife died 1898

brigham city wife lowry laura died following yearsame place

phillips david bv147BV 147 wife mary lost three littlechildren three days cholera missouri crossedplains utah 1849 daughter sarah

price rees bv20 dowlaisDowlais scribe trusteerev W R daviess baptist congregation dowlais before

conversion mormonism year prior emigratingdavies then claimed price even literate much lessscribe material september 1848 prqphwydyjubi1iprophwydyjubilkvbv131 33yprice published long letter explained reasonsleaving baptists joining much maligned mormonscormonsMormonsprices wife jane five children diedmissouri

rees john D bv226BV2262 6 merthyr tydfil wife marystillborn child changing steamers constitution

highland harymarykary john returned wales missionary1868 eventually four wives mary morgan accompaniedhim buena vista jane morgan bv164BV 164 whom married

salt lake city 1852 zillah mathias bv136BV 136 whommarried 1857 cecelia howe whom married 1869

father twenty seven children died 1880 maladidaho mary died 1907 brigham city utah jane died1853 zillah died 1923 cecelia 1932

roberts owen h37 ffestiniog closely associateddavid peters family accompanied them 1849 crossing

plains married sarah treharne bv117BV 117

118 appendix D

rowland job BVbv1616 monmouthshireMonmouthshire baptistthirteen years before becoming mormon prompted inves-

tigate mormonism seriously hearing minister rev W R

davies ofdowlaisdowlaisDowlais comment wished kill dan jonessame way others killed joseph smith job married mary parry

1854 mother bv17 died council bluffs 1851brother thomas bv18 married isabell nelson eleven children

died 1886 logan utah brother benjamin marriedelizabeth williams eleven children died 1910salt lake city job five children died 1879 logan

rowland william bv173BV 173 hirwaunHirwaun widowed five monthsbefore emigrating married nineteen year old rachel evansbv174BV 174 first wifescifes niece just two months before leaving

buena vista rowlands misfortune beingboard steamer saluda april 1852 engines explodedquite number cormonsmormons killed including william two

children rachel david first wife two bornhim rachel america william sarah rachel

although left permanently crippled later married james E harrisgave birth eight children died 1918 cedar

city stepdaughter mary badly burned accidentmarried thomasthomasjamesjames 1857 isaac riddle 1861 died

1920 stepdaughter anne later adopted coupleway california

thomas annjonesann jones bv141bv14BV1411 carmarthenshire lost husbandbenjamin bv140BV 140 while missouri river five yearold son daniel while council bluffs two remainingchildren crossed plains george smith company1849 upon reaching salt lake valley ann marriedhusbands brother samuel thomas bv145 bore him fourchildren died 1869 age fifty salt lake city

thomas benjamin bv96 carmarthenshire wifeletitia parents buena vista child born

missouri river survive hannah maria thomas born13 may 1849 letitiasLetitias father daniel davis bv&9 died fourdays before benjamin died 1887 malad idaho letitia 1858

thomas benjamin bv140BV 140 carmarthenshire died choleramissouri brother samuel bv145 assumed respon-

sibilitysibility benjamins family later married widow ann

thomas elizajaneeliza jane bv146BV 146 glamorganshireGlamorganshire twentysingle left wales board buena vista

council bluffs became acquainted william clarkdarkoark h40crossed hartley whose wife frances died

while mississippi river may 1849 eliza williammarried 14 september 1849 during trek salt lake city

george smith company eventually nine childrenwilliam died 1890 malad idaho eliza died 1899malad

thomas hannah maria daughter benjamin bv96letitia thomas bv97 born 13 may 1849buena vista child born missouri river survivemarried william D williams 1870 settled malad idahowhere reared nine children hannah maria died 1900

thomas letitia davis bv97 carmarthenshiresix months pregnant left wales husbandbenjamin thomas year old son daniel traveled

company letitiasLetitias parents brother four sistersletitiasLetitias father daniel davis bv89 died 9 may 1849 just fourdays later while missouri river letitia gave birthdaughter hannah maria letitia died 1818585 8 family traveleddown help settle st george southern utah buried

side road

thomas rees bv99 married mary evans bv171trek across plains thomas died 1893 wife died 1907both avon montana

thomas samuelbv145samuel bv145BV 145 carmarthenshire travelingbrother benjamins family bv140BV 140 several monthsbrothers death samuel married benjamins widow ann

samuel died salt lake city 1893 ann died 1869salt lake

120 appendix D

treharne jane bvmbv1BVbv116116ilg16 carmarthenshire met edward ashtonwhile crossing plains 1852 family traditionmeeting took place while each holding corner canvasprotection woman labor during rainstornrainstormrain storn ashton 89

jane edward married year half later6 february 1854 eventually seven children elder marvin

J ashton member council twelve postleswendell J ashton former publisher deseret newsamong descendants jane died 1897 edward died1904

Tretreharnehame uarymaryalary BVbv115115 carmarthenshire married widowed

samuel leigh bv76 council bluffs 1850 becamemother four stepchildren crossed plains 1852

settled cedar city utah mary died 1881 samuel died1894

treharne sage BVUS18 carmarthenshire met thomas jonesbv184 while living council bluffs agreed

marry soon reached salt lake city thomas crossedplains year before sage sage reached salt lakevalley october 1852 married planned

settled cedar city where six children sagewidowed 1862 death thomas six years laterbecame plural wife samuel leigh husband sister marysamuel died 1894 sage died 1897 age sixty five

treharnetrehametrebarnetteTre kamehamebarnejanneaarne sarah bv117BV 117 carmarthenshire married owenroberts 14571437 information lacking further detailslives sarah died 1898

treharne william bvmbv1BVbv11311313 carmarthenshire left waleswife four daughters son oldest son john

bring wife two children across following year williamswife ann died cholera missouri following year

john treharne wife two children died cholera beforereached council bluffs william died shortly thereafter

council bluffs daughters young son william leftfind way get utah william jr married ann hughes

1864 died 1907

williams edwardbv58evwardedward WS whose way across saltlake valley paid elizabeth lewis apparently moneyintended loan 23 april 1850 edward requiredpay 2391725917239.1723917 dan jones assistance helping himwales stout 367 danjonesvanjonesdan jones elizabeth lewis married

time thus money go jones williamscast vote against dan joness proposal create

separate welsh kingdom side jordan riverletter dated 20 march 1853 written san bernardino

udgomudgorn selon 9 july 1853 31 34 williams testifiedparents wales dan jones man god

williams eliza bv38 traveled two sons rice bv37samuel bv39 died board buena vista just six

days before immigrants reached new orleansfaithful methodist fifty five years before receiving baptism

LDS faith gave thanks deathbeddying mormon

williams rice bv37 brother samuel bv39 althoughboth forties accompanied mother elizabv38 eliza died board buena vista rice samuel

journeyed salt lake city 1849 rice married before1850 census

appendix Etranslated documents

contents

TD page1 danjonesvanjonesdan jones henffych california hail california 125

prophwyd y jubelijubili prophet jubilee october1848 p 158

2 dan jones cynghorion i ymfudwyr i california 127counsels emigrants california prophwydy

abiliubili november 1848 ppap 165 69

3 J D bohnjohnuohn davis ffarwel y saint saints 135farewell prqphwydyjubi1iprophwydy jubelijubili december 1848 p 186

4 gwahoddiad i Galicaliforniafornia invitation california 136seren gomer star gomer baptist periodicaldecember 1848 ppap 373 74 signed drywdrawdrywbachbachsmall seer

5 thomas jeremy twenty four others cyfarchiad 139olaf y saint ymfudol i california greetingemigrating saints california udgorn selon zionstrumpet march 1849 ppap 55 58

6 william phillips ymfudiad y saint i Galicaliforniafornia 143emigration saints california udgorn selmseimselonseiw

march 1849 ppap 59 61

7 danjonesvanjonesdan jones tojohncojohnjohn davis 18 april 1849 new orleans 159hoveshoneshanesranes ymfudiady saint i gallGalicaliforniamorniafornia account

saints emigration california merthyr tydfilJ davis 1849 ppap 5 21

8 thomas jeremy john davis 18 april 1849 new 168orleans hanes Yymfudiadmfudiady y saint i gallGalicaliforniafornia merthyrtydfiltydfiljJ davis 1849 ppap 21 24

contents 123

9 danjonesvanjonesdan jones william phillips 30 april 1849 st louis 172

udgomudgorn semnsewnseiondeion june 1849 ppap 122 23

10 dan jones william phillips 13 july 1849 omaha 175udgorn selon september 1849 ppap 179 82

11 william morgan william phillips 2 september 1849 178pottowatamie county iowa udgomudgorn selon november1849 ppap 218 19

12 george smith ezra T benson dan jones 180william morgan william davis 21 september

1849 camp israel cyfarwyddiadau irymfudwyrtua dinas y llyn halenhaen directions emigrants

salt lake city merthyr tydfil J davis 1849ppap 2 6

13 dan jones william phillips 12 october 1849 184

bank green river udgorn deionseion april 1850ppap 105 10

14 danjonesvanjonesdan jones william phillips 20 november 1849 salt 189lake city trltritiitry ilythyrllythyr oddiwrth capt D jones acun oddiwrth lewis 0o gydweli 0 dainasddinas y llynhalen three letters capt D jones

lewis Kidwelly salt lake citymerthyr tydfil J davis 1850 ppap 1 3

15 william morgan william phillips 25 december 1849 192council bluffs udgorn selon february 1850ppap 51 54

16 elizabeth lewis tojohncojohnjohn davis 10 april 1850 salt lake 195city triditrltzi llythyrilythyr oddiwrth capt DbjonesdjonesDJjonesones ppap 6 8

17 danjonesvanjonesdan jones tojohncojohnjohn davis 12 april 1850 salt lake city 197tzitritiitrlttl llythyrilythyr oddiwrth capt D jones ppap 5 6

18 danjonesvanjonesdan jones william phillips 12 april 1850 salt lake 198city triditrl ilythyrllythyr oddiwrth capt DbjonesdjonesDJjonesones ppap 4 5

19 thomas jeremy john davis 14 april 1850 salt 199lake city udgorn selon october 1850 ppap 281 85

124 appendix E

20 william morgan william phillips 26 may 1850 204council bluffs udgorn semnsewnselon july 1850 ppap 186 88

21 gwilym dduaddu william lewis englynionEnglyn ion verses 206cyfanvyddiadaucyfarwycldiadau prymfudwyrirymfudwyrtuadinasyruatua dibasdinas y llyn halen

22 william morgan william phillips john davis 21119 july 1850 kanesvilleganesvilleKanesville iowa cyfarwyddiadau irprymfudwyr tua dinas y llyn halen ppap 2 6 10

23 dan jones william phillips john davis 21210 september 1850 salt lake city udgorn selonscion11 january 1818515 1 ppap 17 19

24 dan jones william phillips marchmatch 18518511 manti 214llythyr oddiwrth capt D jones wmvm phillips yn

cynnwys newyddion 0 semnsewn letter capt Djones wm phillips containing news zionmerthyr tydfil john davis 1851 8 pages total

25 elizabeth lewis john davis 18511851 manti udgorn 223semnsewnselon 23 august 1851 ppap 272 74

26 thomas jeremy john davis 2211 january 1818525 2 salt 225lake city udgorn semnsewnselon 8 may 1852 ppap 142 45

27 dan jones william phillips 1 may 1852 manti 229private collection xerox copy possession author

fourth letter publishedudgorn semnsewnselon 4 september 1852 ppap 287 90

28 william morgan william phillips john davis 2332222 june 1818525 2 pottowatamie udgorn segonscion 7 august1852 ppap 259 60

29 william morgan william phillips john davis 23420 september 1852 bear river 80 miles salt lakecity udgorn selonscion 8 january 1853 ppap 32 33

30 william morgan william phillips john davis 2362255 june 18185518535 3 salt lake city udgorn semnsewnselon 2277 august1853 ppap 143 47

hail californiaidltdltd1

pestilence harvesting countriesharvesting man like grass field

foul breeze blowslaying waste green earth

californiayonder across distant seas me

sharp shining swordbathed blood

yes blood warm blood menworst battles ever fought

californiayonder rocky mountains I1 shall go

seed sower descendsstraight under soils field

sower waitsreap without ever reaping

californiacountry me eden world

crops abundantfruits sweet

end winter edens cursebeginning lords blessed summer

californiachief paradise world

tithing brought togethergreat temple foundedsplendidly sanctifiedlord hour comes

californiathou shalt new canaan world

126 appendix Ei

tyou brethren stayed behind

hasten come usremember shall await you

longing lookcalifornia

sing until you come

let dear sailing vessel comelet brethren come aboard

farewell thee world curse

thou breeze blow awaycalifornia

california henceforth

counsels emigrants californiatdatd2

response frequent varied questionsasked respect preparations expense

emigrating inquirers satisfied following obser-vationsvations let them ask again first place respectpreparation food voyage say state govern-ment requires every shipowner carry board ship variousprovisions mentioned already our previous observations

matter issue prophwyd every-thing proportionate respect nourishment pound

bread apportioned each emigrant ageeach day voyage addition 10 pounds bacon each

voyage these supplies included pricecrossing sum ship xax33 12s 6caceveryone fourteen years age further observeabove preparation perhaps may sufficient everyoneanything else emigrants may wish purchase

discretion respect provisions abundancefollowing list consider sufficient each additionprovisions ship each determine home

additional cost bear foodwhether better those things home

bring them buy them following prices liverpool

provisionsshillings pence

10 foundspounds hard bread 2 6mor everyone 14 3 pence poundoundaund

2 pounpounds 0f riricece 3 pence pounpound 0 64 pounds sugar 3 vi12 pence pound 1 2

vi14 pound tea 2 shillings pound 0 62 pounds coffee 6 pence pound 1 04 pounds treacle 22v212 pence pound 0 104 pounds raisins currants 1 6

4 122 pence pound3 pounds butter 1 shilling pound 3 03 pounds cheese 8 pence pound 2 0

128 appendix E

take note addition pricecrossing seen above prices much lowerthings sold shops reason advantage

allowed emigrants purchasing large quantitiestogether custom house without tax them

intended use them sea those prepare oatbread good butter own cheese preserves picklesthings may desire very good them takethings them home state government sees

provisions prepared ship good tastyhead each family weighed each week

needs time being him familyuse how choose themselves those

children under age fourteen probably need pro-vide additional items above them since provisions

ship sufficient cost less mucheach provide own provisions way

liverpool then until ship begins voyage

necessary clothes

do counsel saints buy very much clothing materialhere them two three years order

warm comfortable earn dif-ference prices interest receive money

spend them while side goodslie decay useless comparison while warn

against extremes side urge everyone sideprepare much durable warm useful clothing

especially let abundant preparations made underclothingdark wool clothes especially children women clearwater washing clothes cannot obtained ocean let

prepared equal proportion heavy light clothingsummer winter clothing prepared climate

country generally women daughtersdress homespun material welsh wool gowns

worn carmarthenshire etc consideredvaluable arriving end journey men

transtrims documents tdatd2 counsels emigrants 129

get suitsultsuitsult two clothes besides normallyhere sufficient them get under way especially

outer clothes underclothing youbetter main points creed saintscleanliness comfort satisfaction though shall experiencevarious climates during journey first parttoo warm wear winter clothes country restclothing those warm weather counseleveryone get deal chests following sizes new onespurchased 3 feet 3 inches long 18 20 inches wide

deep put clothes dry neat themneed open them long time especially

sea breeze water sea greatly damage clothingbesides chests above sizes convenient

move belongings back forth filledspare clothes put way ship

space passengers let do accordingcounsel before leaving town otherwise encounter

inconvenience way clothes confusionmixed throughout chests dress children warmlyhealthily lest start crying colds discomfortsthose feather beds may take them along ie many

wish use voyage notice must provideown beds bedding ship every place

take care bring enough blankets beddingcomfortable theshipship provides nothing bed boards

place put beds

necessary dishes tools etc

emigrants well advised take themservice family arriving home good proportionfollowing things hand platesknives forks spoons crockery china wishthings women deem desirable comfortconsider comfort much yes even our own

hope see them end journey having built homesliving them having planted vineyards enjoying

130 appendix E

fulnessfalness tasty produce frighten themoppress them result counsel them thinkthemselves dishes etc chooseprepare feasts arriving home carry them across

sea moderation cost ie own servicegovernment officials where land side think

intend sell things put taxthem perhaps make them expensive

purchased st louis things personal userarely tax them since need

dishes normal use voyage best put themsafekeeping among spare clothes keep them break-

ing do counsel anyone take heavy tools nor factscarcely household furniture except what mentioned

do counsel various craftsmen take very manynormal tools them probably get new ones

better cheaper st louis tin dishes usevoyage obtained liverpool best get under way

way takendistance estimated cost

already speaking captain steam-boat troubadour taking first company emigrantsswansea liverpool kind gentleman promised makeevery provision benefit comfort travelerscarry them much cheaper usual shall advertise timelater greater detail perhaps whole company cannotprepared before end ofjanuaryjanuary beginning february

reaching liverpool someone else board shipprepared pres 0 pratt let us know

three four days before sailing timewisdom value part mormon creed

seen ie everyone mind own business lest sharperssharpelssharperswolves snatch them belongings while smiling

face sincerely hope welsh flock knowvoice shepherd too well mistake howl wolf

liverpool normal time voyage new orleans

trans documents tdatd2 counsels emigrants 131

six seven weeks part journeyleaving borders kingdom temperate breezes

lovely often too few themnew orleans large steamboats available during season

year come close ship take whole processionbelongings once five six days

10 shillings each great mississippi river elevenhundred miles great city st louis another steam-boat obtained take them belongingsmissouri river council bluffs eight hundred ninehundred miles week pound eachneed provide own food along part journeybesides prices mentioned short along wayship end journey take care provi-sions own cost yet uncommon unity lovesaints very advantageous them buy everything required

large quantities everything necessary buyespecially conveyance along rivers come much lessexpensive each

reaching council bluffs you outside westernconfines babylon among settlements containing thousandssaints emigrating salt lake city make desert blossom

rose prepare themselves restjourney welsh procession rest council bluffs

while preparing wagons food buying animals pull themforward perhaps take several weeks time beforewhole procession ready get under way again besides being

likely several thousandssaints besides welsh traveling together through

rocky mountains council bluffs shops everykind necessary skills being carried saints wherewagons every needed tool purchased those neighbor-hoods milk cows cost 2 pounds each yoke oxen5 6 pounds further east here obtainedcheaper saints buying many those areas

cannot count cost council bluffs forward our satis-faction well back best estimatemake follows eight persons go together

132 appendix E

buy wagon yoke oxen four cows carrythem clothes food comfortably think

expense 133 10 shillings zc44 eachwagon animals belong them then those

family four five six children need getwagon themselves families two three children

two families get together buy wagon between themshare cost distance council bluffs salt lake

city considered thousand miles enoughgame journey sustenance these few counsels deemsufficient time above things wish

see way open before them send us namesages each babies soon possible

mindful these days time gathering daywinnowing call children ofzionzion comebabylon lest made recipients plagues

doubt each neglects duty emigrate saddenspirit god god opens way provides circum-stances know land beganwither like wife lot old until became dry treeswaiting gathered fire

latest news california very comforting apostleW woodruff tells us through recent letter nine hundredwagons loaded saints left council bluffs toward salt lakecity during june hosts others preparing followthem every crop produced valley beyond expecta-tions saints enjoy generally better health

place medicinal waterssprings proven priceless blessing sickfar what blessing see sickchildren god wales leaping joy banks thesesprings

spirit gathering taken strong hold saintswales throughout world happy learn

how thoroughly words isaiah fulfilledday shall deaf hear words

book clearly further meek shall increasejoy lord poor among men shall rejoice

trans documents tdatd2 counsels emigrants 133

holy israel isa 2918 19 what greater rejoicingpoor meek men wales desire life get way

emigrating country where abundancethem race them generations

earth well preparation already awaiting them ziongo enjoy comfort poor saints

state sufficient faith believe matter how greatpoverty started them good work

finish through preparing way bringing meanshands according faithfulness easiest way

arrive home through fulfilling role

present time do sufficient faith believegod allow poverty faithful saints

deprive him blessed deliverance notrejoicerejoicelord time spite extent former

poverty expect yet see nation meek welshmenwelshmerWelsh menstrengthen strong host brave men stock gomerdwelling happily peacefully centers western con-tinent obedient citizens heavenly laws expect see

poor beautiful carriages along high roadsearth enjoying fill abundance before long shalllend listening ear hear mountains hills echoing

sweet songs rejoicing children zion sometimesoon hope see kings queens encouraging greatwondrous work fulfilled blessed does

might work continues praisename through generations while work foremost

people world like grass stubble clay

another thing merits attentionsaints

like saints remember especially thoseintend go toward zion place where justice

dwells consequently children zion should workersjustice far even while captivity babylon

laws zion do allow children work injusticebabylonians far know do

134 appendix E

allow indebted anyone world justlyemigrate without either paying them satisfying them getting

forgiveness way working justice toward themsaints warned before remind pure

minds again strive free themselvestiresome captivity time happy invitation comes

call them home our desire benefit freedomsaints well glory ofzionzion prompts us

call attention saints frequently important mattertrue wages low time bad yet

never time bad principle justice shownthrough doing done then penny

old debt incurred while babylonians paidshow dennyspennys worth righteousness

much possible then faith claimblessing just god every just effort work justicedoubtless succeed

notice first emigrants

according custom transport emigrants seapres pratt expects each send pound moneypassage advance before hire ship secureeach passage ship turn come time

announced time through paying rest pricepassage according mentioned above con-sequently ourselves expect save expense loss cost

do someone them bring aforementionedpound them NEXT conference heldmerthyr take place SUNDAY YEAR

then pres pratt able here occasionpromised get them together cannot come

here transported him thenbetter advantage hire ship cheaply through gettingtime choose ship takes whatever might

time crossing cheaper everyone noticeplace secured ship anyone except those

follow arrangement

saints farewelltdatd3

farewell now everyoneshall sail great ocean

complete longing gods zionbetter go land

given us our fatherlived captive far too long

freedomFre edoin come us wake adversitycalled babel

call our intention gogo spite cruel enemy

our god through great gracebring us safely seemly zion

farewell british landour home long time

better home before us nowhardship agony violence

perpetually hereparadise beyond great open sea

willing come zionplace complete deliverance

plagues troublescome worry mankind

safe place livestorms cover earth

let us bid farewellsaints short while

until see them homeour farewell long

them deny truthfamily heaven

let us go singing across seawithout fear our heartsgod kindness shall watch vessel

rides wavemay saints throughout island

invitation californiatdatd4

oh come californiadear welshmenwelshmerWelshmen dear welshmenwelshmerWelshmen

stand here longerdear welshmenwelshmerWelsh men

heavens usshall land without rent taxes

prepare come without delaydear welshmenwelshmerWelsh men dear welshmenwelshmerWelshmen

do tarry here exceptdear welshmenwelshmerWelshmen

get corn without sowing harrowingeveryone believe everyone believe

bread without bakingeveryone believe

houses grow us earthlovely attractive palacesoh alluring place

everyone believe everyone believeplace where pain sorrow comeeveryone believe

geese thousandscome quickly come quickly

running through streetscome quickly

those being roastedready lunch

gocome quickly come quickly

feast prepared himcome quickly

fat oxenheaven heaven

thousands fat pigsheaven

trans documents ydetd4yd4 invitation california 137157

waiting doorsknives throats

ready morning nightheaven heaven

sparse tableheaven

soon vehicles runlisten listenthemselves without horses

listenshall servants

serve us maidsproblems

listen listentrouble family zion

listen

clothes come cloudsbecome saints become saints

like hail showersbecome saints

cow milks herselfmilk soon turns cheesebutter comes without effort

become saints become saintstis sin you doze

become saints

give love things earthventure forth venture forth

extremely attractiveventure forth

joseph smith callingvery famous man

strength nameventure forth venture forth

although dieventure forth

138 appendix E

you wealthy farmershasten come hasten come

provide work splendid auctioneershasten come

oh sell your possessionsbefore heavy judgments come

consume you plagueshasten come hasten comegain refuge your souls

hasten come

man glantrenGlantren get under waygreat prophet great prophetzeal feet crown head

great prophetsold things

already journeymay fair wind call him begin

great prophet great prophetuntil reaches land saints

great prophet

near bogeymansBogeymans hole small seer

greeting emigrating saintscalifornia

tdatd5

dear brothers sisters sadness nostalgiahand great joy love hopes sendgreeting you staying behind babylon feeldeeply indebted gratefully recognize great care protec-tion our heavenly father us until now 240 usbesides children board ship buena vista 65 welshsaints besides children board ship hartley organizedour whole circumstances comfortably expectedintend sail great ocean tomorrow unusually goodweather our voyage here however many dangerssurrounded us however much prophesied adversityus however many babylonians tried discourage usmislead us plunder us thank our god today victory

giving us leader guide us safely through withoutanyone getting hurt plundered anything much didenemies truth prophesy our dear president capt jones

plunder us our money leaveus midst strangers do numberbad things us justice character justice religion

professes glory god owns him our dutytestify you our dear bro jones continues

blessing us present circumstance everbefore never repay him enough continual care

us beneficial directions us through him got newcomfortable ships transport us cheaply price our

transportation 133 12s 6cac each each person 14 years ageeae33 each those under age year

old ships here now sailing sameport charging eae55 each without necessary pro-visions while hand our ships contain provi-sions need us through wisdom fatherlycare us know instead

140 Appenappendixappendirmtrstrdir E

cheating saints money many falsely accused himpaid much own money comfort assist othersuntil now refused receive least pay rather

paid penny same price ourselves transpor-tation every regard short loving watchful behavior

without exception bound affections aroundhim love until everyone likes hear voice

our midst biggest worry othersbig enough ship transport everyone

same place himdear saints us encouraged praying

gracious lord quickly open way you come uszion doubt little wales like boiling pot false

tales us much prophesied wreckingour ship etc pray us shall go safely under

protection our god do believe them youdefend our character our departure babylon ourrighteousness you know our dear president proclaimed

warned beforehand allow anyone comeaway debt world saintshappy say none us guilty conscience

given cause disgrace religionjesus christ hand completely contrarybabylonians boast paying us just debts exert-ing themselves utmost plunder us everything

grab unless repent testify against themjudgment bad them

influenced our own families yes our dear wives childrenfrighten them against coming us yes cause conten-

tion between husband wife between parents dear childrenwhat worse done much answer

yet doubt these themselves babylonians I1 raisevoices highest condemn man leaving disobedient

peevish cruel wife behind refuses every offer comeassure you men our midst

tried utmost get wives come themchildren do laws man god assurehusband head family choicechoke country

trans documents tdatd57d5 greeting emigrating saints 141

refuse follow him wife children onesleaving him leaving themmany stories spread before left women going

against wishes husbands baseless lienone kind know our midst anyone

wronged man our midst wronged man any-thing without reconciling wrong rage our fellow nation

great toward us before our departure walesenenjoyJ

ioy our civil rights hardly place abun-dantly true life our dear brother capt jonesdanger house attacked almost every night weeksbefore leaving merthyr godly life safesleeping except between guards among brethren

scoundrels inhuman paid kill himleft leave secretly day before what end

you know cause given anyonerather rage devil against himinstrument hand god zion repaymentbro jones desires get interest prayers saints

them kind dear wife child whomleaves your midst until returns child

four days old left them practiced everyself denial gospel christ saints doubtreward family great zion

many preachers different sects slandering ussmearing our characters through welsh publications con-demning our dear religion pulpits doing everything

disgrace us shatter our feelings even hereboard ship practically foot

babylon trying frighten saints seavoyage country everything good try-ing persuade them everything except shoulddo great efforts put envy between us capt jones

happy report our dear sister recuperated quicklybecame sufficiently strong able leave ship full

saints sailed middle month intendsjoin husband council bluffs before long

142 appendix E

target arrows now failedinfluence much each glad get back

shore shame own false beliefs occasionally

honest them confessed surprise neithernor our religion bad thought yesterdayreceived irrefutable testimony capt jones others

even ministers rev H rees well untilwent back shore hurriedly mutely hopebeneficial bring them darkness light

praise trust due our dear pres pratt

goodness us here worthy your trust thingsnow dear saints farewell you hasten come

your brothers gospel jesus christ

thos jeremy llanybydder william morgan merthyrbenjamin francis ditto edward edwards dittodavid phillips brechfabrechka benjamin jones aberdartaberdar

daniel daniels ditto edward edwards dittorice williams swyddffynnon william davies rymniwilliam treharn pontyetsPontyets john williams dittodavid james ditto rees price dowlaismorgan hughes ditto job rowland dittosamuel leigh Llanelli john hughes penycae

john richards ditto william lewis blaenafonwilliam rowland hirwaun john parry birkenheadrees jones ditto william jenkins caerdyfthomas giles merthyr

liverpool feb 25 1849

emigration saints californiatdatd6

editor I1 wish give story saintsemigrated country lately since I1 accompanied themliverpool consequently am enabled describe voyage

pointemigration begun swansea where saints

south wales met 13th february 9 oclocknext morning leave steamboat troubadour

go liverpool preaching meeting held previousnight large convenient chapel saintsswansea overfilled responsible listeners whilebro thomas pugh others preached emigrationcaused great commotion town thousands gathered

see saints depart emigrantsleave town through permission captain sang

saints farewell very beautifully attracting unusual atten-tion observers great respect shown occasion

crowd general many handkerchiefs being wavednearby windows while singing continued ship sailed

away arrived liverpool 330 following thursdayvoyage especially successful shorter

usual four hours everyone healthy content duringentire voyage except little seasickness troubled uponlanding liverpool captain ship showed great care

saints landing place where sharperssharpelssharperstown waiting hosts gathered usual place

await steamboat steal emigrantsaddition kindness liverpool saints rented largesix story house order care welsh brothers while

town sufficiently large whole company takelodging I1 am pleased say through listening

leaders warning take care possessions saintskept everything safe cunning predatorsplace did them harm way spent five days

144 appendix E

before mentioned house during time 6caceach charged lodging following tuesday everyonemoved american ship intended sail nextday through obstacles waited until 26th

meantime saints stayed ship I1 stayedmidst 1I saw saints times taken sick

sooner hands laid them restoredimmediately I1 bear witness I1 never seen

power god I1 saw ship while I1

midst I1 led my curiosity put many saintstest especially weakest ones I1 name gwilym

dduaddu satisfy friends ofpontypriddpontypridd order see I1

get them homesick go back answerI1 received generally however much love you cannotlove you much wish turn back you leave uspeace forward us want go

saturday before sailing rev henry reessectarian preachers town came saints board

ship asked me capt jones emigrants welshanswered yes then asked second time true

here widows south preparedclothes put departed husbands california shoes

put feet received letters respectedministers south wales telling us wordtrue said rather barefaced lie those persons knew

lie wrote you neverthelessship widows kept things husbands

respect greet them californiavery glad indeed said welsh wise

surprised hear welsh foolish nowwitnesses contrary then showed our principles

those reverends telling them did believe anythingexcept bible said very well

wish success you arrive end your journeymay god bless you left bidding farewellus probably very disappointed saints

sunday 25th2 5 th conference held shipbegun 200 secretary singing praying

trans documents tda7d6td6 emigration saints 145

carried forward under presidency capt jonesseveral brethren spoke occasion unusualmeasure spirit god enjoyed saints

embodied branch then divided eightgroups president each group three othersappointed preside whole company council

organized arrange matters saints everyonejustice then conference ended

customary mannertime drew near sail toward home

take place next day 11110000 occasion harpistsharpistssingers place captains cabin sing saintsfarewell time crowds congregated listen

music eyewitnesses departure califor-nia many left tasks present great courtesy

shown occasion reached mouthriver 1 oclock

went singing oceanwithout single fear breast

until soon escaped our sight wish oursthem reach better country another ship left morn-ing next day full welsh irish scottish saints

gracious god may bless them us my continual prayeramen

W phillips

letter capt D joneseditor udgornuclgorn selonyelon

tdatd7

new orleans april 18 1849dear brother davis

according my frequent promise dear saints whom I1

left behind wales I1 shall give account our voyage acrossocean point doubt many tales

us spread throughout wales propheciesour drowning etc therefore I1 beseech you announce yourudgorn these false now still aliveeven though side sea you I1 hopedo believe letter coming spirit worldfurthermore captain turned ship cuba sold

saints slavery yet prophesied seren gomerothers do facts like these prove

false prophets reallyaccount our voyage since I1 am writing

many intend follow us sooner later whose happinessdesirous allow me itemize educational things

may benefit our experience accordingaccount concerning us you heard liverpool I1 reportbefore sailing first sunday boarding shipestablished ourselves emigrating floating branchdepths yet another sense established branchvarious officers chosen fill different responsibilitiesappertaining held meeting saints distributed sacra-

ment received open evidence our worship acceptedheaven through presence holy spirit lovelyinfluence received open evidence enemy

days ofjobjob come possessing sisteruntil driven senses causing screamutter inhuman things frightening curses disturbancedid keep very long through laying hands

elders prayer faith our father saw fit seal

trumtramtrans documents tdatd7 capt D jones editor 147

promise son them believe land seamy name shall cast devils oh how

valuable blessing timeship divided eight sections according

number families elders assigned supervise eachsection see everyone acted properly received justiceimpartially foster nurture love unity especiallysee kept places clean healthful endarranged two each morning arise before others aroundthem wash deck clean dry these eight presidentstogether another triad william morgans merthyrrice williams william davis rhymni counselors con-stituted council organize temporal spiritual matters

manner prepared ourselves through agreement withoutexception

monday 26th february two oclockafternoon set sail port saints accompanied

harp sang saints farewell left docksweet voices resounded throughout city attracting atten-tion causing amazement thousands spectatorsfollowed us along shore charmed followed here

our dear faithful brethren william phillips merthyrabel evans eliaser edwards faithful elderstogether davidjeremydavid jeremy brechfabrechkaBrech fa these brethren havingshown every kindness assistance like dearkinsmen loved ones graveside vied eachshowing yet additional love buying oranges throwing them

us ship long reach falloranges our reach sea proved too far

shake hands each separa-tion them agitate fountains tears spite

ourselves time almost unawares see behindus handkerchiefs like flags waving breezelanguage shouting aching heart farewell farewellsail across vast sea dear zion while heard back

echoes our warm hearts coming breezewater farewell farewell land britain etc thought

foreign men nature well become calm

148 appendix E

observe scene winds february turnedsummer breezes our behalf indescribable feelingsdragged two large steamers sight city beforenightfall our ship rocking just like hut surging waves

sea steamers turned back escorting us30 miles inwardly scene changed us nowgo light fires boil water make tea etc while others made

miserable seasickness staggered bedseight oclock came ship under full sail wind

west everything order much possible meetingheld family prayer everyone went lie down

hardly anyone sleep even though windstormy sea rough still sufficiently roughmake almost everyone sick I1 shall forget night

long time though hardly anyone sleep yet sleptless myself few elders backforth comforting assisting sick much through-out almost entire night sunlight beautiful nextday sick improved yet hardly walkthemselves across deck without someone guiding themservice kept me quite busy less pleasant every

guidance behalf morning I1 tried hard beforesucceeding getting sick bed breathehealthful air since seasickness causes debilitating feeling

almost angry me my insistence I1

wouldnt refused even though I1 obliged carry manyperson deck I1 well paid my trouble throughpatience once realized topside healthful airimprove them gradually without exception easy

see difference between those succumbed desiresstay beds others showed courage

coming healthful air deck whose healing togethertestimonies these others convinced others follow

example I1 cannot encourage too much those yetcome do come deck similar circumstances

long before those resisted strongly cometopside me thanking me almost forc-ing them come day I1 got enough men come

trans documents dbtd7d72 capt D jones editor 149

company shop called storeroom backship where supplies kept three membersfirst presidency myself became makeshift shopkeepers weigh

following different foods each family wishedeach prepare how wishedfourteen years age following amounts distributedhalf everyone between fourteen ten pounds

hard bread white good four pounds sugar three poundscheese three pounds butter four pounds raisins two

pounds rice two pounds coffee four pounds molassesfourth pound tea food extremely high quality

gift pres pratt something else gaveemigrants matter how sad womens faces

sight gift caused them go cheerfully shopalthough stepped each others feet sometimes felleach shaking ship yet I1 declarelaughingly called help raise lowest tried

again respecting persons ratherbest feet kept head everyone agreed

leg too short too long almostevery step

afternoon since cross wind ship stayedalong coast ireland until steep mountains jaggedrocks threatened mangle us came closer rejoiced

sailors turned side ship windpoint toward borders our own beloved country

several large ships our sight sailing westabsolutely incredible how our ship sped them

see them longer middlenight winds increased very close lights

holyheadHolyhead peninsula almost everyone except myselfbrother daniel daniel sick

february 28 went deck break dayfirst thing attracted my attention bardseybarasey island far

us beyond huge mountains caernarvonshirelifted snowy peaks vying each height

desire see crack dawn whether childrenraised breasts still alive whether

150 appendix E

drowned what heard ocean lovely voices

emigrant sons echoing before forests glensland eager search like nostalgic mother

midst daughters dear snowdon above rocks snowdoniaofsnowdoniasnowdonianSnowdoniadonla

stretched neck raised head highestheavens gazing us forgot desire take

off snowy night cap greet us yet none these

sons except myself strength echo back motherlyfarewell before lowered comely head behind daughters

eastern oceanmy vessel did wait my affection embrace long

object dear land my fathersgreyhound like desire speed along way across seethingwhite caps though frolicking splendid fearless tops

furious waves green ocean spitecommotion blue sky spite ferocity even

comfort my fellow travelers nor how much I1 wanted norfarewell shores my country mainly

filled my thoughts rather I1 pondered seriously conditioninhabitants I1 see myself now small handful sheaffluttering inhabitants wales looking afar

country called garden christianity coun-try bibles erected lofty tops numeroushouses worship sky monument zealous

enthusiasm yes behold even fact justdream I1 escaped water midst my

welsh brothers my life skin my teeth whywhy persecution slander false accusa-

tions I1 suffered years press pulpits why didmy residence guarded weeks why my life safe

among guards why did I1 flee secret beforetime why I1 able bid farewell my dear wife my

baby doubtless transgression world oncetwice yes even three times I1 challenged man prove meguilty transgression oh must admitted cannothidden religious persecution what caused must

strength my religion nothing else proveable excite old passion every false

trans documents tdatd7t97 capt D jones editor 151

religion persecute persecution does originate godneither does religion persecutes come him

oh yes tisytis fact sun dawns cheerfully my headexile borders my country winds try beat me back

exile belief my beloved vessel my castle fightsdefend me against danger exile cast brothers whosebenefit seeks opens sails wind carry me

kinsman safely home zion like victorious soldierhome thoughts unawares drew my affection my eyes

toward west ponder zion glories until onceagain like flowing stream came my memory dearchildren thousands left behind wales my gentlefellow nation multitudes love true faith

chanceonce again I1 turned my face east my spirit prayer

god initiated good work blessed gospelsuccess wales make servants mighty men beloved

like sons great thunder sound trump loudlyuntil inhabitants hill vale awakened sleep

false religion embrace gospel spirit likepurifying fire refine those obeyed time

blue cover sky high whitecapswhite caps wavesbetween them almost hid under covers little green garden

country raised me I1 vowed I1

angry evil I1 received nor am I1 exiledforever rather I1 shall yet come across depths homemy loved ones try way take them worthyzion my embrace time

0 my country my love binds itself around your beautiful valesyour rocky shores magnetic stones I1 want benefityour peoples may gospel heaven raise white bannersevery brow hill within your land wave your breezes

yet within your land something surpasseseverything I1 noted something far above belovedfair though far away now closer anything else myheart 0 my mind stop come return back why do I1 breakstrings my heart why do I1 call come back wellthen just instant raise your wings wind feast

152 appendix E

company angels heaven now surround bed lullingsleep cheeks red smile happy sees me

reaches pure arms embraces tightly dear lord

arms just image 0 little rosebudhardly old new moon why did I1 leave

thee even until morning my beloved following me across

land sea many countries happily sharing troublescomforts my breast many times having caused me

forget world things tightly having keptkeys my heart ten years everything everyone

ever even until morning my mind shot breakdawn your bedchamber 1I loved you oh my

mind stay here longer yes wait you awake

first parting sorrow enough why cause second wound

take courage my spirit must christs religion

long nor separation without everlasting rewardyou angels pure I1 charge you care my wife baby I1 go

courageously watch until I1 return preciousmy soul content my sake snowdonjump sea before I1 shall ever ever forget thy arms

my father I1 commend everything I1 look yetgreeting ere I1 leave my spirit bows above place where lies

now takes strength adventure hush what matterwhere am I1 what high sea yes call hasten

sickwell well I1 wandered far I1 shall return my account

hardly anyone able prepare food today danieldaniel williamjenkinswilliam jenkins I1 agreed attracting device

helping several onto deck made comfortable place

row women sit air I1 set making gruel

oat flour them strengthened them greatly

pot pot apportioned them circle condi-tiont stay eat hard describe gooddid them I1 counsel everyone take sufficient quantity

noted udgornudgom lately jones improved quickly

able leave dear husband likely seen

council bluffs now JD

transtram documents ydetd7yd7 capt D jones editor 153

good oat flour oat bread them shall seetaste better them anything else awhile

evening ireland sight wind increasednecessary lower top sails lowest position pull

sails ship turned stern southawhile then back side throughout nightwhether side totally impossibleremain still allow anyone else lie pr stand place

rather like door hinge continually swayed thoselying down those standing throwing them along

deck boxes crockery recklessly withoutwarning wild horse throws unskilled rider across hedge

leaves him without pity rider gotship throw him somewhere else until crawled home

use begging stop grumblinggroaning together voices children

same effect increase drunkenness manyagreed me before morning better let

own way let rock until tiredhardly ceased yet

march 1 good part day running racesteeple st davids pembrokeshirePembrokeshire before night

got ahead thanks help windtime many especially men taken courage spite

falling much like baby until learnedwalk along sides prayer meeting held eve-ning soon wind turned our favor some-thing greatly encouraged sick oat bread tastedgood today

march 2 sight land blue skygreen water around us except occasional ship sailing ownway majority improving considerably

march 3 beautiful weather little children playingalong ship parents laughing upon seeing occasionalpile them top each deck yet daringventure interfere until today escorted birds

our country longer rather having entrusted our caremultitudes sea birds returned

154 appendix E

march 4 sunday two oclock splendid lovelymeeting saints everyone perfectly content except

occasional them refused every counsel comedeck now gotten fevers beds

caused us great concern trouble along sincere prayersbefore restored health I1 warn others refrain

doing same thing many beneficial interesting admoni-tions given meeting sacrament severaltestified goodness god etc sick improving night

saints divided two prayer meetings half each endship wind supported us pleasantlymarch 5 beautiful weather throughout day constant stroll-

ing deck musicians singing eleven musical instru-ments everyone except few sick fairly comfortable

march 6 rather unexpectedly us our dear sister wifebrother hugh davies liverpool died sixty years age

health very poor came boardhardly expected get across sea yet wish come

family captain officers ship very kindview circumstances everyone throughout ship felt

our dwelling today house mourning prayer meetingheld evening everyones health improved death

effect causing others until now refusedrise beds result improvement

march 7 climate beautiful wind fair shipsailing seven miles per hour preparations madecommit body our sister watery grave I1 preachedfuneral sermon two oclock text how dead raised

what body do come paul I1 answeredquestion briefly answer question con-

tinued along several sundays completelyanswered yet sermon coffin placed largeplank ship stopped saints sung hymn

sailors raised inward end plank coffinslipped down end salty deep

weight stones placed coffin sinkopened swallow precious treasure keep safe until

day command shall given sea yield

trans documents ydetd7yd7 capt D jones editor 155

dead very mistaken ideasgreatly afraid think being buried sea think

float surface prey fish evenworse rotting cold gravel being food

grave worms fish do those buriedsea purpose putting weights bodysink down quickly lower ocean fish ever golower live float peaceful saltwater keep decomposing rotting forever yesuntil day rising sea boil

kept better best egyptians kept throughembalming understanding does away conflict

thought being buried sea rather makespreferable I1 think what apostle mind

said sea gave dead alive I1

think body buried pre-served manner never made alive body

sown shall whether sown sealand incorruptible body shall united

spirit possessed body before theleatheseasea closedjaws morsel our little ship stood usable behold majestic sight few minutes sailsfilled breezes galloped across waves nothing

ever happened wind continued our favor every-thing comfortable sick improved everyoneeating allowance throughout week prayer counselmeeting held each night

march 11 sunday wind light against us seacalm each having scrubbed himself before meetingbegan two oclock continued until five oclock

two hours trying answer previous questionhow dead raised postponed until next

meeting everyone appeared happy rejoicingteaching before end meeting wind turned strongly

our favor according our prayers continuedpart our favor throughout week sometimes blew usten miles hour felt wind climate nowgradually getting warmer since sailed still southwest

156 appendix E

several began complain woolen clothing too heavybear longer better everyone

additional light clothing hardly rain exceptfew showers raining time rather pouring

water down clouds times saw several differentkinds fish very big others smaller jumpingwater helped lazy ones come deck helpedthem every breath took

march 16 wind against us greatly afternoonprayer meeting called seven pray fair wind

meeting I1 said near me I1 felt desirego deck return until our father give us fair

wind I1 going having put my foot lowest rungladder those around me chatting thing

another asked what I1 wanted I1 answered I1like hear mate deck shouting haul

weather braces before I1 moved my foot 1Iothers heard my wish heard mate above our headshouting loudly raulhaulraurhaulm weather braces yea word word

I1 said behold fair wind blowing strongly our favorwithin few days driven us thousand miles

homeward toward zion great our thanks our god

march 17 sunday beautiful weather everyone comfor-table afternoon excellent meeting saints

how dead raised meeting eve-ning fair wind weather beautiful throughout week

almost like wales injuneinjurejune occasional squall cloudbreaking supply us water washing beautiful see

children playing across deck entertaining parentssinging here others talking reading walking

arm arm while others prepare foods many kinds almostobtained cookshop musicians did best

beautify atmosphere harp pleasant soundsalone evening entertained us sang farewell king

order pull ropes set sails across ship meanswithout exception fair wind

trimstrans documents tdatd7 capt D jones editor 157

day lowered red head western sea lightscene place lovely phebus awakes sleepenvied him wonder scenes less wondrous

excited heels david old point even tookoff garment temple what hush shall replywhat use hiding fact did do order

dance yes yes hardly anyone our midstexcept occasional dry sectarian did prefer imitatehim rather find fault least hard deny

here times did even cause stormcompany store open without books money

distribute sufficiency either white beans rice wheat flour oatflour bacon anything else plenty everyonecomplained cold through getting wet rain

march 25 sunday light gusts wind times againscene around us like calm sea glasselements our ship children well observing

holy sabbath resting quietly sun gazed too intentlyuntil relief retreat anywhere

presence meeting saints afternoon lecturehow dead raised sermon english deck

evening nearly sailors spoke well teachingwind rose strongly our favor night hardly scene

particular week worthy note except occasional crossbreeze changed almost consistently middleend our prayer meeting held each night occa-sional appearance offishfish entertain us ship here

distance gladden lonely scene devilish foehimself asserted right neptune god seajourney us though company sweet nevertheless

hard work cast him overboard clevernessinfrequently hard times turn himself

angel light occasionally hide pocketofficer everyone may left behind babylon let

poor sailor troublemakerworse guide ahithophel swine sea

babylonians escapes times next timeI1 cross sea group saints zion two

158 appendix F

kinds stay home great benefit felt drinking bathingsea water morning let everyone children dooften possible let everyone take care refrain

suspending anything keep air going throughship let everyone take care neither nor

children become constipated take laxative neglectsuffered until almost incurable refrain

eating lot heavy food idleness does allowdigest above valuable thing bring sea doforget bring generous supply patience greatdeal wear commodity let care taken mayfail even valuable much gold little grain truefaith sea buy fair wind everything essen-tial spite everything happened I1 heardanyone repent having undertaken journey just

desirous reaching zion great pleasurehear almost everyone again praising goodnessgod our behalf fair weather beautiful breezesexcellent food general success better

expected before getting underway truly smallpleasure see cooks fire making puddingspancakes fries piling inviting

drink tea each eveningarose happily did those earlier dance mannerfrequently many pleasant days came went ocean

blame themapril 1 sunday sabbath again nature agreed us

pause gaze excellence creation our godtwo ships did same distance very lovely meeting

saints lecture two hours how dead raisedseveral took off woolen clothing like myself

caught cold take care against although summer clothinglovely now better check yourself say my sufferings

climate clouds suddenly rend under weightwatery burden especially do wear wet clothing noontoday our time here four hours later london time

twelve oclock noon here four oclock after-noon london proves 60 degrees west

trans documents dbtd72 d7 capt D jones editor 59

london 30 degrees 9 minutes west run yetbefore reaching new orleans I1 observed sun today againthrough sextant I1 determined our latitude 23 degrees

54 minutes north within 14 miles tropics wheremiddle summer sun above our heads since

south now lovely breezes temper weatherdid feel uncomfortable heat our distance new orleanstoday 2000 miles our distance land expect

see our journey hole wallislands bahamas between goo900 1000 miles oursoutherly distance liverpool 1806 miles

april 2 storms rain rough windsseveral directions threatened swallow our little shell

depth salty cauldroncauldrencaul dron spite through pro-tection our god skill our captain sailors ourship climbed upwards wave wave swallow flythrough slight breeze sea shook our little vessel

passengers does whirlwind crow nestoak tree without being able disturb even small chicks

therein upon perceiving however awful fierce wavesdid deter us sea desistedresisteddesisted effort smiled pleasantly

sun earlier worn sackcloth stern uglygaze now took off clothing cloak time laughed

battle promising fairly lowered head amidst redsky fine night sleeping everyoneoffered thanks made perhaps next statement

incredible ignorant absolutely true none-thelesstheless saw almost every day fish flying some-times saw scores them together flew times goodmile then wet wings top

wave off go second time chasedfish jump several feet water them

good thing defenseless creator case

provided them wings protection these fish dofly very high higher wind strong

peaceful times these areas I1 saw them fly againstsails ship fall deck inasmuchrise water caught them big

160 appendix E

common mackerel wings feathers rather kindbright very thin skin water close servesame purpose wings length six ten inchescannot fly unless keep wings wet seen

warm weathernow williams originally ynysybont

sick fever several days gradually improvingjane morgans cardiff suffered painful soreslegs off nine years considered completelyincurable doctors worsening become

discouraged church ordinances faithweakened ever since reached warm weather arranged

each section day turn spread bedsbedding deck sun something veryhealthful let everyone do often possible ourcaptain graciously given us kind liquid sprinkle alongour sleeping places purifies air wonderfully usefrequently several elderly people ship

improving come deck every lovely dayold gentleman close 100 years old cheerfullyhappier ever many sectarianscarians wales even liverpool rev H reesreverends tried dissuade him coming prophesying

arrive across sea many things I1 amdetermined through power god prove them

false prophets lost hair except few strandswhite snow now abundant new crop just like

hair child feels younger youngerfair lovely wind saturday 7thath I1

through night looking land until four oclock morn-ing I1 hardly slept before loud shout excitingeffect everyone else land ahead awakened megreat joy caused emigrants nothingelse mentioned noticed time except land sunrisesailing nicely along south along coast abaco island

bahamas quite deserted island populatedmostly fishermen people cut firewood carry

parts sell earthquakes chase everyone away here

trans documents tdatd7 capt D jones editor 161

time time cause much damage very pleasantsight nine oclock morning turned ship west

round southern edge island within three miles lessland southern tip lighthouse rock

dwelling nearby lighthouse keeper livesthree ships sailing along us past lighthouse keep-ing south toward cuba midday island dis-appeared sight behind us appeared severalislands rocks south us less ten miles away

understanding those come way sincecome close aforementioned lighthouse I1 should com-mented name hole wall thus those see

remember through eyes someone lookedbefore them 1I call attention meaning

words origin you see large hole through highrocks rocky mound where lighthouse located lookslike bridge large arch man made work eithernature struggle elements what made

earlier another remarkable bridge reaching toprock round rock now itself

300 yards seaarea considered dangerous place navigate

whole world several hundred miles surroundedislands sandbankssandbanks rocks above surface othersbelow see small ships fishing small shipscalled wreckers ships know seas sailaround continually depending livelihood misfortune

ships whenever ships lost way these lead themback right way save many lives do

work good accused using falsesignals mislead ships path order get thousands

dollars guiding them back danger many ships mustlose way support numerous wreckers surrounding usnow need assistance I1 hope

continue case

sunset bottom sea further twentyfathoms down navigated slowly carefully throughnight our leader brought us safely see light sunday

162 appendix E

again easter sunday although hardly anyone manynew clothes wear day saw many new wondrousthings around us saw lighthouse another island severalfrenchmen lived shore having built housesrather simple mud huts along shore sail nowsouth along side grand bahama bank

lovely wind southeast shiptraveling six miles per hour through water water run-ning us three four miles per hour southern current

less mile wide gulf stream northruns totally contrary here bottom sea green waterranging five twenty fathoms water cold fewyards away south however color water black

much warmer runs directly opposite saw rockyshores remains shipwrecks several wreckers sail alongus everyone contentedly observing land especiallydelighted leave quickly behind us pull toward end

our voyage island cuba south far usridiculous loathsome prophecy seren gomer

saints sold slaves here subject scornbetween almost every two people along deck correspondent

immortalized foolishness poor taste broughtcuba notoriety anything else now serves bring

recollection emigrants lies false accusationssaid published them dear religion

fellow nation until loosened love knot knoteven country birth instead thinkingturning back prompted them turn faces towardeast sunset freedom worship god thoserights deprived zealous christiansown country yes constant prayer everyone throughoutship blow east wind blow us fiercely western ocean

oh beautiful contemplate scene hope what filisfillsfilnbilneveryones breast ship sails along propelled lovely

erroneous asserted rev H W jones publisherseren above false prophet writing under name

anti humbug seren gomer october 1848 J D

trans documents dbtd72 d7 caprcoptcaptcoatcoar D jones editor 163

breeze seas give many thanks savior zionhowever lodestone derive comfort

shall continue put forth our own thoughts lestletter too long udgomudgorn deionseion I1 shall concentrate

account each think himself perhapswhat I1 should done beginning

I1 forgot mention meeting saints thurs-day night did several times before timefirst put gifts practice great com-motion caused down ship amongst babylonians

clustered along officers ship entranceour place listened amazement wondered greatly what

caused then perceived achan ourmidst two three saints transgressed

them translating them causing them believeevil things us officers ship captain

bitter toward us then ever before I1

hard time calming him down our dismay interferenceobliged us cease practicing gifts middle meet-ing before received great comfort through them

learned things you yourself wales etcinformed party those failed

designs me I1 leave wales plotting revengemy dear fellow officers left behind mesucceed 0 lord heaven watch them learnedmany babylonians praying our failure saints

our successafternoon wind fair excellent meeting

saints retired back ship where neitherbabylonians nor traitors our midst prevent

us enjoying gifts spirit gave us greatcomfort daniel daniel benjamin francis ordainedelders many counsels given concerning health cloth-ing necessity each care condition

stomach latter counsel cause nearly everyone comeasking medicine inasmuch oil depleted

necessary forestall diarrhea let everyone take carematter

164 appendix E

april 9 our god brought us safely through dangersnight smiled us continuing wind our favor

800 steamboat came us way havana newyork saw three british warships afternoon saw

borders florida american continent land lowsandy few trees here judging smokerising columns clouds place another

kind inhabitants living here sailed alongcoast until nightfall saw two lighthouses

cluster small rocky islands named fortugasfortunastugastortugasTortugas rounding these break next day

changed our course northwest here left gulfstream behind us scarcely 500 miles reach new orleans

NNEE trade winds carried us steadily quicklyalmost fortnight fair here still water

apportioned washing plenty boardanother month I1 cannot liken bustling scene

sisters around deck doing washing betterscenes I1 remember seeing hot waters iron

furnaces merthyr washday lowest deck washedunder beds chloride lime order purify air

williwilliamswillismssmsams ill busy preparing chests etcready leave ship before long food

offered company store everyone abun-dance did come get said sacks

vessels full room holdmany said never before variety

abundance foods lives I1 maintain anyonehappy food should shut oven while

like lap dog gentle ladytuesday afternoon wind light sea calm weather

uncomfortably warm saw ships appearedcoming new orleans williams ynysybont neartregarontreganonTre garon worsening fast signs live long

told sons me little choice whether diednow whether granted live longer my greatestdesire said reach zion I1 fear my dying

sea discourage others old age venturing across

trans documents ydetd7yd7 capt D jones editor 165

ocean me I1 am content die rather obstaclecause god hand said 1 I wish go

rest now bosom ofjesusjesus pleasing sightsaid greatest honor ever received

able become member true church son godfear breast concerning life

religion now proved strength ever beforeasked sorry left methodists

whom respected member 5555 years repliedpreferred now whole world

able live hear preaching gospel saintssolemnly counseled sons continue faithful until death

obtain better resurrectiondepended through feebleness ordinances church

complaint heard lips continued lucidthrough night quarter past four next morningspirit departed peace leaving smile lips receivedevery care assistance kindness everyone especially

faithful sons revered did own soulsdid weary serving almost day night comfort-

ing attending reached far 80 yearsagethursday april 12 every funeral preparation possible having

made sister williamss funeral sermon preached after-wards committed watery bed presencehundreds emigrants looked simply orderly sober-ing sight while choir sang our oscillating dwellingmade way forward away mournful scene alone

huge sea proceeded slowly black darknessgarment mourning sun despite great strengthcourage already trimmed cloudy cloak mourningdistant west perceived mothers israelfallen way zion look sadness nightpassed shark cruel fish long forked teeth

faithful dog grave master stayed markerresting place departed though among fishsevere ocean until resurrection peace remains

praise name next morning break dawn

166 appendix E

welcome pleasant east wind zealously took pity our conditionblew away garment mourning our sorrow stirred

sullenness like phoenix ashes appearancechanged head foot short like david old

son died our ship full sail like stallion battle hasteneduntamed waves strove cheer mourners

hope seeing port tomorrow spite beforemorning came turned treacherously against uswinds blew us toward eastern world sun timedespite mourning sympathy night before becametormentor hot cage issued forth strong punishment

scorching raysfriday several ships seen seen greatest

wonder ever seen lives spite seeingburial yesterday somberestsomberest scenes today saw strange

majestic marriage between waters beneathfirmament waters above firmament interminglingthrough powerful mighty water spouts elementsboasting tried resounding together eliminate else ourfirmament mix everything together water worldendeavor roar frightfully stir acre brinyfoam cauldroncauldrencauldron depths cauldroncauldrencauldron fish

spite themselves seen flying helterskelterhelter skelterelement sky self activated womb enormousheedless vat gives birth powerful whirlwind wall

element blows opponent like chaff across surfacewaters despite thickness clouds part

pieces woven long thick spinning neck quickly downwardneck goes lowest part frolics join now

union occurs combine beautiful marriage betweengreat salty liquid element above embracesurprise yes mixing kissing until sea perspires

effort truly element turned marriagepreviously now through sweetening saltyelements imitate miracle lawgiver momentthought water prevail swallow everything

turmoil time just our earth flooded mercyheaven smiles rainbow covenant sign noah

trans documents tdatd7 capt D jones editor 167

given phenomenon revived faith onlookers thengod released wind hand help feeble whirlwindbelow join terrible attack before them sweep

wondrous water spouts fragments back placesalthough try time time lift heads waterygrave unable rise higher top waves

elements around us today stirredemotions sojourners bidding prince

air boiling those treacherous armybecome tailors work make mask darkness

enshroud heads magicians tis painful saysucceeded doing caps fit comfortably I1 fear

worn very destructionmighty king babylon land armies I1 understand

now navies wave flags seas may

kingdom shattered speedily may subjects landsea turn traitor him majesty swallowed

whale way depths ocean lockmouth myself keeping key

saturday l4th14thlath wind contrary land birds flyingship tired children catch them tame them

diligently looking landsunday 15th wind rather contrary blowing hard many

half sick between homesickness seasickness passedcouncil excommunicate william son B jones

aberdartaberdar wife others family much bettercause much worry saints through false accusationscaptain disgracing our dear religion etc every hope

ebenrabenr thomas repent much trouble resulted throughtoo much association people ship back forth

them spite our best efforts succeeded musingconfusing maid kind pay

cost babylon I1 shall take care next time generouspeople deceived lasses come make loveinstead serve prayer meeting held 200 600

sea thrashed violently through nightmonday 16th 800 morning I1 went foreship saw column smoke distance rising

168 appendix E

air soon perceived steamboat new orleanscoming meet us another steamboat side camerunning toward us fast within two hourstwo our sides gave large rope two

pulled us mouth mississippi noon greateveryones joy gratitude arriving here

100 miles yet city arrived tuesday 17th healthysoon shall leave here go river st louis

now hastily I1 shall say farewell time since matterscalling me dear saints faithful heavenly calling

you received hasten prepare follow us listenvoice your presidents lord bless you

constant prayer heartfelt wishyour brother gospel christ

D jones

letter thomas jeremyeditor udgorn yelon

tdatd8

new orleans april 18 1849dear brother davis

kind give me loan your trumpet blowfirst time distant country what I1 especially wish

make known story our voyage liverpool heremonday 26th february two oclock afternoon

began our journey left waterloo docksang farewell saints time me

very strange feelings yes strange too difficulttask me describe them paper ink I1 remembercheerful faces my faithful brethren william phillips merthyrabel evans eleaser edwards john davies david my brother

trans documents ydeyd8td8 thomas jeremy editor 169

daniel evans pelinFelinfelinfactifelinfachfach ystradestrad cardigan came walesescort us far oh how lovely association

I1 these brethren numerous occasions walessometimes day too short us talk things per-taining kingdom god frequently takenight extention sleep stand distance

us while others abundantly comfortable grasptime came my mind I1 see them again

I1 imagined hearing something answer longbefore seeing them zion I1 took courage

going port I1 saw my dear brethren follow-ing us along bank river far I1 think

I1 imagine I1 hear voices carried along gentlebreeze saying oh father watch them while ourselvesechoed back

god israel keep themmidst hohostst enemies

like sons thunder fielduntil conquer black enemy

gone sea 30 miles steam-boats escorted us turned back leaving us alonehuge ocean wind rather contrary us first day

weather very lovelytuesday came sight ireland land seemed barren

mountains very high nevertheless dwellings seenvery frequently foot mountains followingwednesday thursday us rather bad spirits

seasickness although made without sick daythese days our revered president capt D jones very

attentive sick showed love us greatly walking backforth along our large ship administering sick

bro daniel daniel Brechbrechfabrechkafa together william jenkinscardiff few faithfuls painstakingly made gruel

us tasty food during timebetter stay our stomachs anything else I1 did

request salt butter soup then nor I1 able eat breadsame my dear wife children mary

170 appendix E

our youngest daughter sick during entire journeyalthough predicted before left walessurely die sea yet weanedthanks god keeping us alive sick fewdays I1 see now sickness beneficial us throughcleansing our stomachs I1 advise everyone comes yet zionbring oat flour oat bread them find

best food sick best way those yetcome us zion stay healthy try stay often

deck advantageous counsel them our sadexperience bro jones very diligent get deck

tried linger beds tried hide himwent past I1 far doing myself jokingly

times threaten pull pulley down deck putrope around us pull us top even did want

go everyone went deck own without bro jonesshaving carry threat

love us what compelled bro jones continually doeverything our behalf I1 saw worth our midsttime started our journey place doubt

my mind bro jones do best yet do every-thing our behalf until reach valley mountainsI1 believe chief effort make us happy

able enjoy temporal spiritual blessingsdear brother you publish your melodious trumpet

false prophets prophesied presspulpits bro jones sell us slaves take our money etc

very obvious me saints perceive spiritleads them imagine things himreturn acccount our journey hardly anyone

us continued sick first few days I1 do intend giveaccount our journey day day letter I1 first

thought since bro jones gave detailed account ourjourney letter let suffice me testifygiven account properly I1 daybook I1 put down

wondrous things saw each day together what kindweather times saw rather large fish swarming

follow our ship jumping little higher water

trans documents tdatd8 thomasthomasjeremyjeremy editor 171

length between four five feet largercalled sea sowsbows saw dolphin lifteddeck alive sailors consideredbeautiful fish sea sizecommon salmon teiflteifileifi saw flying fish dozensthem flying above water place another

19th march saw fish twelve feet longcalled shark others young whale

left many ships islands behind each day our vesselhastened toward sunset lovely weather fair windfrequently each day fact much pleasant usI1 thought middle march likemiddle june while part ship musiciansplaying edifying books being read somewhere else others

chatting our dear compatriots success

gospel midst how many relativesobedient truth my prayer my relatives

everyone thoughoutthroughoutthough wales especially those heard my preachingcounties carmarthenCarmarthen cardigan grasp

true light may seed I1 bowedsowed grow luxuriantly I1 dodoubt good soil different places

give fruit may my brethren still care weakshoots nothing destroy them may sowseed fertile soil give much fruit

held prayer meetings almost every night instead familyprayer our father poured spirit greatly usheavens answered our prayers even caused wind obeyour request every sunday held meetings saints remem-brance our blessed lord times these meetings receivedknowledge through spirit you wales yes greatthings revealed us oh how sweet teaching

bro jones shared us resurrection deadhow dead raised what body do

come mystery many thinkI1 see my letter getting long I1 must close despite how

enjoyable me give account our lovely journeybefore closing I1 wish inform my dear brothers sistersintend follow us yet zion take care obey leaders

172 appendix E

every counsel receive them time timeway great joy holy spirit

hand forget counsel disregard holy priesthoodbetter stay behind until come enough

spirit god humble meek gentle tractabledear brothers sisters hasten come us remember-

ing keep above counsel your minds remembersaying jesus christ blessed meek shallinherit earth

now dear bro davis having lengthy I1 close tellingyou arrived here health my wife joins meremembering you kindly wishing you every goodness

your dear brother christthomas jeremy

letter capt jones pres william phillipstd9tda

st louis april 30 1849my dear brother phillips

following detailed account our sea voyage I1 sentbro J davis new orleans I1 shall add hurriedlyarrived here saturday 28th

new orleans caught emigrants shipasbrandashlandasb1and started liverpool 200 saints severalweeks before us I1 hired steamboat I1 took themwelsh saints me price carrying us 1100 miles

river us 2252252.25 10 shillings additiontake 100 pounds freight steamboat came alongside

our ship take our goods aboard spared much expenseloss cholera very bad new orleans many dying

steamboats along rivers especially immigrants

trans documents ydetd9yd9 capt jones pres wm phillips 173

ship went before us forty two diedcholera journey nineteen etcsaints through being careful observe rules cleanliness

refrain drinking water river without lettingsettle putting alum oat flour through being faithfulgodly through refraining eating fruits meats etc shortthrough striving life every sense through bless-ing god ordinances thanks him welsh saints

come alive healthy point except dearbrother name jenkin williams aberdareaberdaleAberdare

good faithful lad whole voyage except went con-trary counsels given hid choleralong taking own way treat through brandy

sad result died here within few hoursarriving buried due respect few minutes before

died left remarkably good testimony him saidcompletely happy faced death

young child ofrcofrR price dowlaisofdowlais died consumptionthese welshmenwelshmerWelshmen died until nowenglish saints two women child died deadly cholera

officers boat surprised how few deathsour midst asked surprise each morning

none you dead yet baby born wife samuel leeLl anelli wife john rees cardiff stillborn

mothers improving greatlyyesterday I1 hired steamboat here carry us council bluffs16 shillings per person 100 pounds free 2 shillingseach additional 100 pounds freight among saints

here completely filled cabins everywhere elseboat come alongside us take us our goods

thus liverpool council bluffs did costwelsh penny moving goods

everyone healthy today heartened rejoicingprivilege desirous move forward better news weststill here between 3000 4000 saints mormonism

winning popularity now fast treacherous tricksmalicious false accusers being revealed fact too

obvious concealed longer powerful

17174 Appendicappendix E

intelligent diligent courteous people good citizens saypublications now saints everyone courts

favor good disregarded long enough herepurchased iron make wagons council bluffs flour

meat groceries everything necessary journey californiasettle every opportunity hold public

meetings every day every night every boat I1 herebefore worth life man say mormon

may ist hired steamboat moved yesterdaycarry us council bluffs goo900 miles river missouri

ids 8cac each half price children between four fourteenyounger charge loo100100 pounds luggagewithout paying pay 2 shillings per hundred restshall start here tomorrow purchased our food here getus valley our stoves iron make wagons clothes armsgoods etc etc point our journey expensive

I1 noted prophwyd far I1 tell costshardly different what I1 noted deadly cholera

killing hosts here now dear faithful elder died morn-ing namely benjamin francis leaving great sorrow behind him

difficult find faithful lifedied happy wife children come along us

benj jones whole family except wife became blem-ished unfaithfulness went away along road destruc-tion gallop today david giles david jones wifewent them completely unknown me I1 shall take greatercare next time refrain bringing faithful saints

meI1 heard my dear wife sea following memay gracious lord keep my constant prayerdear brother faithful fearless through persecution

lead properly dear flock I1 left under your care youofficers remember my counsels you nurture spirit lightlove saints feed them truth may godisrael bless you abundantly amen remember me everyoneonce my brother family your own family etc

your brother gospelD jones

letter capt jones president william phillipstd10

country indians omaha july 13 1849dear brother phillips

hastily almost before dog opens mouth campI1 take early morning opportunity send you few lines

time portray sight around me nor preamblemosquitoes biting sun almost I1 am awaitingcall get under way fifty wagons far west beyond

furthest borders every civilized country midstred skinned people forest

wm morgans william davies rhymni followedus far my request tell you our coursedetail time my duties do permit me do now

time I1 say you do direct you letterI1 opportunity speak them much I1 cannot

write now council bluffs I1 established part welshcompany came here welsh branch churchwm morgans president prime objective

ready center point receive welcome directour dear nation may come us give

details advantages country welshstayed part I1 shall say allow those saints

wish you think best qualified come here soonthose cannot go far valley

mountains come beautiful country earn enough soonhelp them rest journey

us welsh twenty four covered wagons loadedgoing forward now come eighteen milesour journey successfully you shall receive names wmmorgans

news zion good you shall receive newspaperpublished here william morgans

dear saints wales I1 say faithful callingyou called darkness light

176 appendix E

jubilee hurry us build zion come come accord-ing directions your presidents babylonmidst pestilence disease wars battles transitoryworld freedom children zion safe place

redeemed possible come here costI1 noted prophwyd between 6 7 pounds apiece

those fourteen older possible soon earnassistance proceed cannot earned wales longtime

everyone company here very content very eagersee relatives etc following them soon my dear wife

baby arrived here safely few days ago time go alongus cholera imposed heavy losses our small army along

rivers especially accursed waters missouri yeteffect small comparison people through-

out neighboring boats towns wmwin morgans godetail prey I1 hope greater proportion

saints clutches you shall great com-fort reading interesting letter I1 received latelyparley P pratt valley I1 shall send bro davis

publishthose wish write friends going

california should address letter like carecapt jones great salt lake city put letter envelope

address orson pratt 15 wilton street liverpoolforward cost except postage

give my warm regards bro john davis abel evans

put your shoulders unitedly under ark con-ference presidents officers dear brethren feelingsnostalgia beating my breast your company your voices

council congregations my hope beholdyour happy faces before long your hosts you worthyzion may god our father hasten blessed day my sincereprayer continually

give my warm regards dear saints your benefit yoursuccess your temporal eternal joy heartfelt wish

your humble servant gospel christD jones

trans documents td10yd10 capt jones wmvm phillips 177

NB I1 hoping greatly hear whether my dear brotherwmwin howells ventured forth mission again maygod israel bless him success my health improvinggradually although my voice still continues hoarse hardstill much say DJ

letter capt D jones tojJ davis

following excerpt private letter capt jonessent us

do your best sell my books I1 left send restmoney faithful brother lead next com-

pany come here doubtless very useful thensupport my family I1 devote my time serve saints

perhaps look welsh indians I1 desire interestprayers dear saints success I1

able benefit my nation regard-less country I1 am

farewell now dear brother may lord god israel blessyou clothe you spirit your calling youenlighten your compatriots sound your trumpethuge rocks wales echo calling inhabitants hasten

zionyour brother etc

DdjonesbjonesDJjonesones

letter william morgan council bluffspresident W phillips

ddllTDtdll11

pottowatamie county iowa 2 sept 1849deardeaf brother phillips

good five months since I1 saw you liverpoolI1 think neither you nor I1 ever forget day took

look each time close 8000 milesbetween me country my birth present time

spite my mind fly across great deep like light-ning frequently gaze faces my dear brothers sisters

stayed back I1 am confident before long I1 shallsee many them following desirable country I1 mayspeak them face face rejoice together lordsame country under same roof earlier days I1

dare present give vent my feelings I1 mustwork links dear saints general welshhere divided two groups group gone aheadtoward plains salt lake twenty two wagons under

presidency bro jones group staying herepurpose putting welsh settlement place

advantage monoglot welsh followpeople same language same country

likely many know them associatedeach many times welcome them new country

english here several hundreds milessmall handful welsh midst brothers

sisters enjoying our freedom like birds sayword against us them very friendly I1 live housewhere apostle george smith lived william rowlandhirwaunHirwaun house apostle ezra T benson counting adults

children number 113 welshbranch merthyr branch I1 baptized

I1 hope stay 113 until come walesI1 room accommodate saints

trans documents td117d11 wm morgan wmvm phillips 179

ate covering land yet perhaps come worldsabove welsh saints here love eachmarried I1 shall name them now you yet hear

welsh almost our land adjoining brotherjonesBrothebrother jonesrjonespurchased land claim 150 acres near our

lands entrusted my care gift welshintend build meetinghouse soon I1

think long hard part our workour wheat harvest past under cover I1 wish youremember me saints general welsh saints heregreet you delighted see shipload comingacross next spring get much xax77 eachcome here cannot go furtherthree years two perhaps enough oxen cattle go aheadI1 am sure company penny

landed here cattle sheep now fact I1 knowfamily country cow two I1 am

hurry I1 end wishing gracious lord bless youyour family saints under your care

yourswilliam morgan

PS bro jones wishes you send abel evans nextcompany you spare him you shall hear me again soonI1 glad receive answer letterinformation my sister anne bro jones improvinghealth sisterjonesSistesister rjonesjones child quite well seven poundsI1 said enough come think those

spend 11414 yes 12828 choose taking many stepsstreets liverpool overspend

money I1 hope blame me saying xax77enough you shall yet hear greater detail concerning prices

things journey prices provisionsnecessary you expect within month earlier perhaps

george smith ezra T bensondan jones

camp israelhills sweet valleys

near independence rock649 miles winter quarters

september 21 1849brothers W morgan W davies presidents

welsh saints pottowatamie iowa GAdear brethren

our sincere wish always give counsel assistancesuggestions may benefit ease our brethrenalthough distant you consider suitable thing

offer your observation things learnedthrough experience benefit you you adopt them

you everyone else may immigrate acrossdeserted interminable plains great salt lake valleywish you understand taking upon ourselves

leadership taking upon us your presidency belongsothers think reached end our

journey too late winter presidencyvalley give information you winter bro hydeask us put attention those under directpresidency first place wish impress your minds

great importance your situation respect officesyou hold you set good example saints

give unity pious secrecy your counsels your dailytransactions patient long suffering meek temperate virtuousjust loving every thing worthy emulation choice

your animals immigration counsel you insistthose used yoke easy handle older

ten younger five years old sure your wagonsbuilt good materials strong light wheels

six inches higher usually good crossing

transirons documents td12 letter smith benson jones 181

rivers keeping water your supplies wheels should1134154 inches width 2000 lbsibs wagon

three yoke good oxen pull convenient load410 lbsibs light strong wagon two yoke good

oxen loads go across damp places without sinkinggetting stuck spot heavier ones usually donever should you put 2000 lbsibs strong wagonthree yoke good animals sure animalsbesides those yoke you ready assistance

those yoke happens injured die take carelest your animals get whipped excess mistreatment

believe gold seekers lost animalswhip mistreatmentsmistreatments

load journey alkali poisoning bones animalsscattered along way trail astonishing

think loss looks them let freedomthose fond flogging dumb creatures hoops

wheels come loose dryness something elseinstead breaking wheel usual then joiningshorter make wooden hoop corresponding lengthwidth set tightly between hoop wheel nail

secure serves same purpose does requirelot time make

manner your journey counseladopted pres young fewer fifty wagons each band

fewer twelve good horses purpose roundinganimals looking place camp

useful animals get control run goring eachshort without horses you cannot follow animals

overtake them bring them back etc keep animalsorder advise you tie them each night untilgrazing gets scarce each prefer look morsel

rest threaten horn shift himself carefulwatchful things put eight ten faithful watchmen

around your camp your animals every night do permitanyones fine tale your safety needguard them you safe here harm come you etckeep you organizing faithful watchmen mentioned

182 appendix E

let each group iron bolts biggest ones togethernext size them pertaining wagons case

break blacksmiths shop far away linchpinslinchpins etctake care choice men officials immigrations

meek patient long suffering slow excited badtempers slow determined understanding do hurry

travel you go forward sixty miles each week content driv-ing animals hard hot weather causes black disease spread

causes them die soon allow your animals go slowlygrazing good good condition

strong you go sparse place through planenabled go across deserted fruitless plains

necessary travel several days through day without foodwater careful your animals do drink waterspoisoned alkali part earth fullhighest crossing platte independence rock shortsensible cautious things especially respect youranimals crossing them large extent yourtemporal salvation depends another thing consider greatimportance desire impress your mind

use made strong liquor our brothers comedistant country where liquor scarce hard anyone get

except wealthy liquor seldom used poorcome america where liquor cheap

being accustomed drunkeningdrunkening effect very likelymake too much use own harm great loss

reason counsel everyone under your care abstaincompletely refrain making use exceptnecessary case illness you cannot get wagonssuggested insist similar them you tellwelsh buy good russian duck liverpool coverwagons material keep raingetting your beds your supplies wet your journey insistyour wagons made like boxes sides bottom

water get through sides bottom purchasethose things necessary new orleans st louis

stoves crocks irons tea kettles etcneeded your journey spring gave order

trans documents td12yd12 letter smith benson jones 183

merchants kanesvilleganesvilleKanesville buy those things neededimmigration promised do failed fulfill

promise why urge you buy placesyou able those things you need lest others disappointed

insist few good americans know how drivegentle animals drivers every group

expert guide lead every group immigrants do dependcows use yoke purpose helpingoxen take along many you very

useful valley every group should axletreesaxle trees hickorywood lest them break oak wood spokes leteveryone weigh load refrain taking anythingdo without buy good grass ropes tie your animals

ten feet rope each ox herd animals stampededbefore frightening dreadful behold them terrorrunning earth trembling chains rattling yokes snappingwagons falling apart watchmen trampled perhaps killedothers wounded effects go along herdanimals stampede tell our friends wales comeplains great salt lake soon thosecannot prepare come plains let them stay pottowatamiecounty iowa where meet friends manybrethren welsh company us going forwardwell capt danjonesvanjonesdan jones midst happy con-tent make camp resound evening songenjoying health good spirit undeniablyblessed say may lord continue bless themoffer foregoing suggestions your benefiteveryone else immigrates great salt lake city may lordbless you give you wisdom prudent faithful stewards

shepherds inheritance god youplaced preside our prayer

letter capt Ddjonesbjonesjones president W phillipstd13

bank green river october 12 1849dear brother phillips

between what seems like showers frequencyimportance tasks I1 snatch opportunity midnight greetyou yes extremes distant wilderness eventhough our local distance increases continually yet nor any-thing else befalls me lengthy strange journey

alienate my thoughts my feelings love my prayersyou my dear brothers priesthood kindsaints children my begetting injesusjesus christ nor cause meforget vineyard my lord garden my planting myflock wales

my conscience peaceful ever since I1 left you respectevery teaching I1 preached every discipline I1 ordained

every organization I1 established before leaving youdaily I1 pray god owns vineyard watchthings I1 entrusted saints seriously care variouspresidents I1 taught proclaimed duties them

did ignorantly led error greatprivilege awesome responsibility grave consideration

you your counselors selected watchmen everyone0 remember my counsels follow my example I1 followed

sound doctrine our lordjesusLorlorddord dJesusjesus christ examplesaints humility tenderness patience love fruitsgodliness you close chief earthly fold

I1 am you enjoy looking back your work joyfullythink giving accounting 0 how lovely me now

think my efforts day night while even thoughmy body every day I1 felt torture pain caused me

I1 do feel fearful cause leaving youfirst I1 thought 1I feel reason I1 knowgod you still spirit guiding you according

your request him frequently receive here short

trans documents 7d13td13 capt D jones TV phillips 185

exceedingly sweet message speed mindmeans mail coach world knows nothing ourfather our petition tells us you

perhaps you thinking end our journeynow main causes kept us longer

went before us many rainstormsbrainstormsrainstormsfirst 300 miles our journey difficult travel

wheels covered wagons often sink very deepmire came highland grazing

still very scarce animals strangeyou consider 60006000 7000 covered wagons each

pulled three six yoke oxen besides several thousand cattlesheep mules horses passed along road duringsummer toward paradise saints country goldthese consume much grass you add thesethousands buffaloes antelope elk etc own poor graz-ing wilderness desolate parched land together

considerations caused us slow down contenttravel ten twelve miles each day proved

our satisfaction before way completeour journey hardly day do come acrossskeletons oxen those went before us roadside

monument foolishness traveling too fast begin-ning journey long

us saints thanks godpreserved us whereas others leave animals coveredwagons thousands dollars worth provisions along

road enabled through blessing god wendour way steadily comfortably along although slowly while

find graves others often alongside road rejoicegive thanks you died our camp

since left council bluffs nor hardly sicknessjourney now three months

traveled 8632863128652 miles ascended height7000 feet above sea level almost unawaressurrounded nearly every side snowy tops rockymountains perpetually dwell white clouds 0 majesticsights beyond description

186 appendix E

between us salt lake valley still 164 milesyet I1 am confident journey finished within fifteendays blessing our god 0 hail blessed daywelsh here me living befits saints acknowl-edging god ways praising him morning night

keeping them until now captivity persecutingbabylon until sweet voices resound unison massiverocks around us almost believe melodi-ous voices charm wolves play outside our camp dusk

far rendered them harmless us our flock sheepsince week ago nature put white wedding

gown receive new inhabitants fissures theseeverlasting mountains spread white carpet before dooreveryone night spread snowy white blanket lightly

taken care close cover wagonbefore night snow piled between wagonsdid see our neighbors until evening did

die snow time according prophecies ourenemies sun shone pleasantly second morning earthsoon changed garment soon between 200 300 wagons

seen majestic row climbing steep slopes whilesinging songs ofzionzion made camp evening

under crimson smile sun western world saintsvalley sent eighty yoke oxen 300 miles

meet us great help us brotherlylove worthy emulating anticipate each day

news valley brings joy our hearts maythousands race gomer soon come us freedom

countrysaints formed state california name

state deseret search book mormon meaningword sent petition american govern-

ment dispensation effect granted nowfulfill many prophecy your officialsyourselves etc 1 I shall restore your judges before yourcouncils beginning time state officials

inspired without arrangement impossiblekingdom god fully established laws

trans documents td13yd13 capt D jones TV phillips 187

administered earth everything works good saintsend whole earth know before much longer

welsh holding under difficulties journeylearning drive oxen better my expectations

winning praise camps saintsorganization virtue skill especiallysinging

I1 need enlarge further here advice concerning thingspreparations journey those shall come us

apostles G smith E T benson myselfwritten those things great detail bro william morgans

president welsh settlement council bluffsasked him send published udgomudgorn selon

how far brother davis sound trumpet now my heartlongs hear voice I1 havent seen since I1 saw you sendme least fifty every number you able through hand

bro pratt I1 hope bro davis receiving regularlynewspaper 0 hyde publishes council bluffs according

agreement I1 made abovementionedabove mentioned direc-tions reach you publish them udgomudgornsaints follow us free information

purchase may study them carefully benefitI1 know I1 shall get see you dear saints

I1 know true wish my heart seeyou here me zion I1 long continually

your friendship your church meetings marvelous con-ferencesferences

saints worried cholera borbusmorbussnatched away many our dear brothers sisters ourjourney st louis council bluffs lest counteractcause god wales keep dear relatives friendsfollowing them I1 say job old easy conscience

lord giveth lord taketh away blessed namelord spite how painful my feelings under

circumstances death cruelly tear my dear ones mybosom I1 fear persecutors saints wales

necessary task nearer home set anything foolishagainst religion christ death saints

188 appendix E

respect emigration wales here I1 say againI1 wrote before come oh come rapidly

open gates proclaim bondsmen babylon free comezion yet orderly way through flight while yetspite everyone get hold 7 8 poundspocket get underway counsel him come council bluffs

where meet loving welsh brothers sistersarms wide open receive him direct him cannot comealong way without stopping saying I1 do intendyou harm vineyard god driving away too manyworkers once do organized way may ship-ful come once select seven brave faithful elders

council midst heart mindkeep them clutches devil

without doubt tried worse thousand times walesday judgment prove work

worry fatigue I1 went through keep themwolves until now

respect wealthy pay cost poorcome let them prepare hearts forgive them everything

spite everything repay them unkindness yetlet them weary well doing reward greater

god elders arms full guide themhere profess every faithfulness before beginning yet strive

0 how valuable spirit godjourney nuturingnaturingnuturing unity love warding off conflict with-out even angel lead company across I1 supposepray daily

my health yet good I1 wish far nor goodweeks possible under weight

heavy burden man get better I1 request interestprayers my kind brothers dear saints strength

each day serve them continuallyremember me my wife saints here your dear

wife your family your counselors heartremember me lovingly council saints merthyr

dowlaisDow lais aberdartaberdar hirwaunHirwaun monmouthshireMonmouthshire etc what am I1

doing starting name names like children my bowels I1 love

trans documents td14 capt jones WV phillips 189

without exception may gracious god bless them keepthem eternal life

remember me faithful presidents conferencesbranches let them remember my counsels them

conference always I1 proclaimedremember me lovingly saints I1 say

them now far them earnestly pleading themgod plead them through me them sake

own souls behave according godliness thingsvery glorious name took themselves

scorned bid them listen advice priesthoodpray god live lovingly honestly chastely righteously

thus shall abundant entrance eternalresting place god

now dear saints farewell you while although I1

things declare I1 am able now here maygracious lord bless you spirit abundantly keep

you midst persecution strengthen you trialssave you kingdom sincere prayer

your brother etcD jones

letter capt jones W phillipstd14

salt lake city november 20 1849dear brother phillips

chance I1 opportunity sending letter theseremote parts season cold across rocky mountains

american soldiers I1 heard now going statesready start before I1 finish letter arrived here

healthy happy 26th month very

190 appendix E

pleased everything here whole temporally spiritu-ally much better told wisdomsolomon beyond comprehension queen ofshebasheba

nearly I1 time say place you shallcomplete account next spring welsh content

joining together enclose 600 700 acres landbanks westjordanwest jordan river four miles city

country called new wales fruitful beautiful landunder sun western world does cost any-

thing cheap everyone much everyonecultivate

surprising what great work done yearsplendid valley yesterday I1 pleasure baptizing closeforty welsh here order them renew covenants

seal faithfulness lord god israel greatjoy rejoicing midst through day our

worry thousands our dear fellownation here yes honest heart us established

welsh branch church god hold worship meetingslanguage born thomas jeremy

president daniel daniels rice williams counselorsI1 put welsh comfortable situations get plenty

work gold money supplies etc wages workers6s 6cac per day craftsmen ioslos 12s per daywelsh craftsmen here people running

them gold hands pay them valley health-ful I1 havent heard old age sickness disease since I1

here I1 heard our dear president brigham young say publiclyremember anyone buried here I1

havent heard mention thing since I1 hereI1 am building house city inheritance

prepared me before I1 arrived I1 received lot acre

quarter each welsh city chose buildlewis got paradise like lot near temple

house almost finished already addition farmplace I1 mentioned together

company rejoicing greatly come placeothers building houses city welsh

trans documents td14 capt jones W phillipspjillips 191

happy countenancercountenances short great hasteunderstand me I1 say well everyone here

abundance food good shops seen walesme although world I1 am getting

ease expense saints I1 shall say welshexcept myself getting rest here ease serve themselves

make themselves happy whereas I1 hereweek before I1 counseled prepare go 800 1000miles further southwest mission godmy own expense across tops snowy mountains throughtribes savage indians along road white man neverbefore set foot tomorrow morning hour get underwayI1 know I1 shall return my mission searchbranch race ofgomergomer called madociansMadoc iansstory well known I1 go intent bringing them

fold good shepherd oh saints pray my successmy life protected among bloodthirsty savages you

shall hear I1 returnI1 welsh received hearty welcome valleypresidents came miles meet us welcome us great

joy everything wellmy fatigue vexing my health still I1 am hardly better

I1 started wales yet god strengthen memiraculously day day oh dear saints pray me now mywork still increasing oh I1 opportunity tell you

hopes shortly before us fulfilled youI1 cannot patient while yet my wife family welltogether saints send regards you dearsaints farewell now dear brother great haste

your brotherD jones

letter council bluffs pres W phillipstd15

council bluffs december 25 1849

dear brother phillipsI1 think beneficial give few my thoughts

respect necessary things distant journey manymy brothers sisters facing before long first thing

good supply patience grumbling doesgood trouble free successful

journey let everyone resolve keep counsels presidentdo do likely lose spirit god

midst evil enter then easy gethim even though many our company fell victimcholera I1 know two them did find fault

presidents way doing things thus voluntaryobedience heart content thosewhom bro jones selected oversee matters

older church etc I1 repeat take care bewarespirit remember counsel lord jesus christ iei e

listen voice your shepherd done journeysuccessful

now I1 shall mention things kinds gardenseed good bring counsel craftsmenbring tools them writing paper great ser-vice quire two those bring tin dishestreating milk crockery glasses iron steel spadescoal ore mining here worth much shovelsexpensive ie 4 shillings 5 shillings each you getshovels liverpool 10 shillings half dozen I1

grateful brethren bring half dozen shovelsliverpool me much trouble them do

half dozen pitchforks I1 glad get themshilling each price here worth bringing sorts iron-ware here except axes those better here britainprice common iron here twopence halfpenny per pound

trans documents yd15td15 letter council bluffs 193

small iron threepence higher calico twice price earthen-ware vessels same glasses expensive here

advise everyone emigrating take careboxes strong made dry wood suffered

losses boxes dry clothesbecome mouldybouldy potatoes ocean very desirable

herrings oat flour bacon dried beef pepper mustard saltpickles onions oranges oranges my opinion

much use apples better ones baked putcakes brandy beneficial warm stomach cold

sea rough seasickness good takethings fortnight before starting order cleansestomach free bile possible smallchildren better sailors adults stand feet while

parents leg too short too long walkwithout difficulty I1 written you before I1 hope you

received my letter answer beforereaches end journey I1 sent two copies

frontier guardian john davis I1 glad get copyudgorn yelonscion possible trumpet sound acrosssea many welsh saints glad hear voicereach america I1 like know terms perhapsput together plan communication everymonth frequently I1 shall grateful bro davisopinion matter I1 should like letter telling

welsh intend set sail president etcI1 write letter st louis new orleans meet themdoubt between now time set I1 give direc-tion things buy sell here rathergood price expected gold diggers come here

spring hoards come chance makemoney quite easily make 400 each few

months buying things gold miners welsh dosame thing easily obstacles journey I1

chance myself first day I1 set foot land bluffs earn49 selling them now you see good I1 do

saints sending letter meet them I1 dont comeperson

194 appendix E

welsh branch happy I1 performed fourmarriages john williams ofmonachlogmonachlogMonach log109 maryjonesmary jonesneighborhood ofmynyddmynydd aberdareaberdaleAberdare edward evans hirwaunHirwaunalice daughter david richards blacksmith alexanderowens twynyrodyn died yellow fever please informwife let fear sea lovely sail fair weather

liverpool sounding roughest part our tabernaclefinished time you bring emigrants here

square now I1 heard once bro jonesdeparture valley 500 miles bluffstime wife child whole company healthy

going along successfully I1 expect mail pouch yetvalley near future heard cholera yourmidst cholera st louis now

devastating illness bluffs farremember me officials saints may

gracious lord bless you bring you safe beautiful zionwish my heart

I1 am your brother new covenantwilliam morgan

PS let known wm jenkins cardiff stayingbluffs heard through gifts brethren

suffering fire destroyer yourmidst I1 received letters morgan morgans E thomasmorgan hughes john ormond son two daughtershere

letter lewis tojJ davistd16

salt lake valley april 10 1850beloved brother christ

I1 date my letter blessed place I1 longedmuch see I1 broke through many obstacles

reach though perfect heaven nor everyoneperfect yet I1 am sorry having come here evils

prophesied me back placeinhabitants fulfilled I1 believe my duty

my good lord cause send my witness backsake those experience I1

take heart come heredo expect me give you detailed account place

full wonders you shallothers I1 shall say like queen ofshebasheba earlier I1

told half good things place inhabitantscity being built miraculous speed country

around being worked incredibly well convenient wor-ship house already finished meet several thousands

dear saints each sunday every country hearvoices best people earth our dear president brighamyoung counselors apostles others teaching us

law heaven pleasure great sweetness me show-

ing great power wisdom love god plan salva-tion people love heavenly teachingtaught here anything everyone else follow-ing suit peace prosperity love reign god praised

salvation I1 seen drunken personplace anyone quarrellingquarrelling another I1 heard

someone threatening take another court excepttoo ashamed first place do I1 yet

hear oath swearing street murder theftI1 know place nor I1 seen immorality

highest officials here surprisingly humble meek

196 appendix E

godly like father children behaviorwhat I1 seen I1 fear greatly sickness pestilence poverty

oppression causing much suffering my dear brotherssisters gospel wales causes me desire pray

great deal able see them thousands blessedplace may best welsh soon come here what timewell then here begging poor here

men came here same time I1 did freeholdersdifficult me get anyone work my small farm

busy time sowing now here wages workers heretwo three dollars per day work buys what cannot

gold welsh came here doing well veryrespected everyone farm each banks

jordan place called new wales capt jonesjust returned searching welsh indians I1 write

haste mail leave I1 write you I1

hope my relatives way heremy dear husband father my sister startedtell them come soon I1 glad see them here

together my brothers my relatives you chanceremember me them lovingly my heartfelt wish them

obey gospel speedily you choose send my testimonythem I1 hope blessing god them tell

them everyone mentions capt jonesevil man prophesied him rather until now

behavior direct opposite found him kindbenevolent entire behavior like father towardchildren great our duty thank him god senthim good leader us received nor tried

get my money I1 heard anyonecompany loser penny himprayer us god bless him health

lost serving us recompense him world comedear brother exhort saints me continue faithfulchurch I1 am certain religion ofjesusjesus christ

remember me lovingly you saintsyour sister new covenant

elizabeth lewis

letter capt jones tofftojfJ davistd17

salt lake city april 12 1850dear brother davis

I1 many things write you now I1 hardlyknow what start epistle tell you many mythoughts besides briefly I1 shall say youdear saints oh brethren faithful diligentheavenly calling you called since you knowyour labor vain lord make good use your time

vineyard god before you called heredifficult days ahead everything fine here welshhealthy happy hereI1 returned here south february traveling

1000 miles being within less 100 miles abodemadociansMadocians I1 told afterwards indians

midst I1 gone further our horses oursupplies depleted rainy weather flooding coun-try nearly lost our lives traveling across snowy mountains

hundreds miles through snow between three eight feetdeep sleeping night nothing blanket

cover us left behind days half dozen our horsesmules die prey wolves several days

without food before arriving utah settlement returningyou shall account our discoveries epistle

time tell everything world intendfulfill purpose adventure yet perhaps year

least shall give until I1 get hold madociansMadoc iansget main road opened saints come wales across

railway panama california channel coloradoriver overland settlements saints

near port steamboats landhere every valley before long good intentions god toward

old race ofgomergomer becoming manifest strangely rapidlyour dear president us dear saints remember keep

198 appendix E

counsels I1 given you respect priesthoodpray me yourselves

I1 am your brother new covenantD jones

NB trumpet sound send here every chanceyou get goodness sake do your best me my books

send money I1 above journey my own costI1 shall go likewise again before long

letter capt jones W phillipstd18

great salt lake city april 12 1850dear brother phillips

few lines I1 write you now you shall see letterbrother davis much myself yet I1 hope yes

I1 pray daily god keep you evil surroundsyou give you influence saints good shepherd

flock you may keep them unity love growthcontinual success I1 hope I1 say hosts those

persecuted me worst man country benorebeforeobeyed gospel my lord come know me better loveyou cause me love hateful them yes

embrace them I1 see them here I1 fear govern-ment hardly gives you protection do becomedisheartened king kings watching you pre-serve you you humble pious before him do forget

pray him serve him you cannot fulfill your importantoffice without assistance oh I1 happy seeyour face here us get tell each our troublesour hopes probably shall do first doubtless

poverty pestilences deaths every kind together

trans documents td19yd19 letterfromleaterletterletaer thomastbomasjeremyjeremy 199

hatred world causing much worry you saintsrejoice salvation here every evil deathvery seldom does king terrors visit place yet

here without our trials temptations extremethough different I1 am sad say even among

welsh giving themselves false influences especiallycalled yellow fever desire go here

country gold get rich I1 imagine many belovedwelsh way here weeks may graciousgod keep them evils surround them especially

cholera morbusborbus missouri river oh williamstrangest time I1 ever saw my life see power godpower devil

my wife little claudia well saintssend greeting you your dear familysaints farewell now

your brotherD jones

NB american soldiers did take letter until nowweather I1 send now I1 hope

letters I1 sent reached you promptly I1 heartfelt longingyour conferences your association I1 must content now

letter great salt lake city thomas jeremytd19

great salt lake city april 14 1850dear brother davis

you kind lend space your melodioustrumpet letter those wanted me write

them answer through too much work

200 appendix E

me write I1 like personally I1 hope myold faithful brothers sisters around llanybydder brechfabrechka

places do best spread udgorn throughcountry those wish get read our account

goodness my heavenly father toward me myfamily arrived here neighborhood valley

healthy 29th october meantime our reveredpresident brigham young two counselors himcome visit us welsh great comfort

received listening welcome valley usexcellent counsels pertaining settlement counseled

us go west side city stop three milescity our animals get better grazing camped

bank thejordanjordan river runs directly utah lakesalt lake width river 100 feet proportion

depth five feet river abundancelarge fish hosts wild geese ducks descend

small lakes along banks excellentplace those derive pleasure shooting gamereason fearing anyone free agency everyone kill

number desire family lived our wagonsmonths time here before getting house very comfor-table way good top our wagons

stove them preparation food etc thenlived four months room obtainedcity now our own house our city lotcall privilege city size lots acre quarter

everyone owns without money without valuepay measuring recording 1501.50150 welshchose get city lots west side city beautifulplain biggest part three blocks possessionrace ofgomergomer blocks generally 10 acres makes eightlots each block I1 believe obtained fertileland city although extremely good my reasonthinking good flatter lower

places city our land rich black soil im surehow deep goes I1 do know places six feetI1 observed seeing marks left dug down

trans documents td19 letterfromlefterletterleffer arom thomasthomasjeremyjeremy 201

get water conveniently houses appearancesoil depth black rich biggest part welshintend build lots year plenty roomthousands welsh come yet nearby us hardly costs anything

keep animals size richness valleyhorses oxen cattle kept outside through winter

keep cattle houses give hay themconvenient milk saints here get

much land work wish without paying anything anyoneexcept measure record few welsh camehere chosen our own land planting ie land farmingrather building west side thejordanjordan riverfive miles place where I1 live unusually abundant crops

raised here wheat barley indian corn oats potatoessquashes watermelonswatermelons cabbage every kind garden vegetable

big you wishI1 shall give bit history fruitfulness large valleyhalliday planted bushel wheat called touse wheatgot 183 bushels another planted bushel

potatoes got 330 bushels said you get barleyobtained california 100 bushels plantingperhaps account too good welsh believeyet make less true what good do me

send false testimonies those come here knowthemselves I1 think reason tillage gives goodyield you need sow very lightly I1 heard sayhere half bushel wheat enough sow acre sameamount barley fertility earth tillagespreads unusually well here growing goodness love

our heavenly father blesses us temporally wellspiritually acknowledged here holy prophets foresawvalley spoke see isaiah 32 15th verse end

chapter two verses chapter otherseasily understood see frequently hailstones

descending trees nothing coming downus low city good sow near streams here

much rain here summercountries necessary water land here times I1

202 appendix E

myself am very thankful my heavenly father my landbank jordan river I1 drive feet

oxen whenever I1 want perhaps above versesbelieved literally everyone wales very likely

inspire them think something elseabandoned old custom oh how lovely surroundedhere high mountains whose tops seen times aboveclouds covered snow year round look

them testifying enemy comehere do harm saints you heard excellentsprings here especially medicinal nice

bathe hot spring another here hotyou hardly keep your finger longer while youcounting 10 15 sufficient water turnlarge mill

excellent prices here men workstonemason here earns 2502502.50 per day carpenter 2002.00200 per day

6 10 paid tailor making coat laborers 1501.50150per day remember need work hard herewales welsh brothers here earn 3 4 perday digging job americans used digging

you see how easy live here price wheat herenow 4 per bushel indian corn 2 yoke oxen here costs

70 100 cow costs 30 good horse 150200 dollar here 4s ac2c2 c your money I1 am send-

ing my dear brother david my dear sisters timebro jones sent back along way david

get come here year faithful brother abel evansbro howell williams others I1 hope come

great joy here see them I1 hope my dear fathercomes journey here I1 wish greatly hear how my sistersarah journey here togethercefncrwth family Meidmeldrimrim I1 hope now members

church jesus christ zion beforelong

my dear brothers sisters lovely place whereholds keys kingdom god earth

twelve apostles heard here preaching excellently

trans documents td197d19 letterfromletter thomasthomasjeremyjeremy 203

mysteries kingdom god much needexhort saints come here keep holy ghost

within them show them necessity salvation I1

know I1 shall come wales none welshconference sent mission place sentengland various islands sea conference held

6thath 7thath month tabernacle veryvery big nonetheless too small hold wentwelsh exhorted our revered president brigham young

sing song joseph hyrum english here lovevery much hear welsh sing oh how lovely escape

wearisome captivity midst best peopleearth where justice holiness abide where worship god

disturb us frighten us 1000 mileseveryone except lamanitesLamanites here moun-tains seed joseph sold egypt

before I1 finish I1 wish say little thoseobeyed gospel jesus christ rememberlisten servants god preacherssaints teach you way salva-tion except them reason listen them obey

teaching you saved I1 reasoned youlength I1 give you better counsel

I1 hope davies clynglaseClynglase parish llanwrdaofllanwrda sees letterI1 sincerely hope dear family churchnow

I1 do time write mail leaves here tomorrowmorning

dear saints farewell small moment until see eachhome my family joins me remembering

saints wales especially llanbydder brechfabrechkacardiganshireCardiganshire I1 hope dear saints whom I1 love muchcontinue faithful may gracious god called themdarkness light bless them spirit love unity peace

save them end heavenly kingdomconstant prayer

your dear brother jesus christthomas jeremy

204 appendix E

NB I1 very much like several letters my brothersmy friends wales let them send them thomasjeremythomas jeremy

great salt lake city california north america I1 sincerely hopeyou dear bro davis correct every mistake you see

my writing

letter william morgantd20

council bluffs may 26 1850dear brother phillips

bro abel evans brought company saints here 23rdmonth testimony your licenses

received regular members welsh branch cambriascambrianCam brias campdear brother things taking place among

young people things natural according customold country good them turnthing making promises marriage my opinion

best refrain wiser get married beforegetting underway those wish do bro abel evans

myself failed see earlier openedeyes before coming bluffs married lovely girl nearcarmarthenCarmarthen maryjonesmary jones wern branch usually families livebetter here widowers then those wish getmarried let them get married those wish refrain letthem refrain let boys girls widowed menwomen leave old country without making promises getmarried thus danger breaking promises

come free free country leave those remainbehind free opinion bro jones I1 recall

ie covenant until emigration I1 performed marriageseight country expect six eight again soon

trans documents td20 letterfromletter trom william morgan 205

our town like boiling pot these days full merthyrmarket saturday cannot drive wagon without stop-ping along streets gold people leave

gold behind you might think flour 600goo6.00600hundred pounds indian corn lyoiyo1501.50 bushel

sold 500133001300.100 1 told dr bennett doctor company4000 acres wheat illinois cut

likely trampled animals mormonscormons preachedgospel yes prophetjosephprophet joseph first proclaim

did believe witness rather shouted awayhim just like master mormonscormons discovered

gold california strange how truthful witness howaccepted people general grain

truth testimony mormonscormons merthyr respectgospel spirit world running toy

root evil result cannot receive spiritchrist truth love glory god heavens

earth good well good luck them goldlet whoever wishes become merchants however shall buildzion city our god valley mountains

time comes raise head king comeglory envelop time false men

afraidI1 received ten packages udgomudgorn selonyelon english

brothers came here first shipload addressedcapt dan jones way him before youreceive letter them came ourterritory judged entitled tithe kepttwo each package you see tithedpithed heavily

old country according law tithing paidsix months frontier guardian come across

regularly comes off press I1 seen letteryou nor I1 received udgomudgorn monthly you said

I1 do know whether frontier guardian I1 sentreceived being sent merthyr dowlaisDowlais I1 received

letter elizabeth thomas county glamorgan I1

sent april valley let disheartenedhearteneddisheartenerdissent letters valley relatives bro jones answers

206 appendix E

forthcoming soon possible I1 expect hearvalley capt jones welsh saints between now

end ofjunejune bro prythero abersychan familystaying my house present time takenland another part country going soon

remember me saints together officialsmay blessing god you

yours eternal covenantwilliam morgan

letter william morgan kanesvilleganesvilleKanesville iowaW phillips andjanda davis

tdatd2td211

kanesvilleganesvilleKanesville iowa july 19 1850dear brother phillips davis

I1 received following letter mail camevalley month july 1850 request

bro jones me translate send udgornhere editors service without mistakesI1 am confident editor correct sweetness englishwriting wrought famous authors translatorsreach

letter morgan received george smith ezra T bensondanjonesvanjonesdan jonesponesfones dated 21 september 1849 then presented english

translation morgans welsh translation original englishtranslated document 7 tdatd7 appendix toward endletter reference made welsh company happycontent make camp resound evening song morganadds own comments footnote follows

trans documents td21 morgan phillips davis 207

I1 am eye ear witness I1 think do apostlesspirit music descended them eve-

ning before departure territory honuhoussix oclock friday afternoon bro jones ordered me

call camp together purpose reading rulesjourney short time each post I1 honor

beginning first meeting 1850 years least landpurpose organizing welsh journey bro jones

followed word given sing closemeeting sang first part versesaints shall come etc saw english norwegiansNorwegianseveryone I1 think heads wagons

second part wagons empty instantinhabitants running toward us charmed I1

heard good singing wales nothing like strengthsweetness song I1 heard my brothers sisters

travelers land honuhous asked me wherelearned teacher I1 said hills

wales schoolhouse spirit god teacherresponse well indeed wonderful never heardgood singing before wm morgan

brothers smith benson jones writtenjourney preparations I1 shall give prices

several things I1 suppose might useful smallholders farmers price iron plough 25 centsper pound shilling halfpenny money oldcountry understand iron ploughsplought here piecepoint iron same kind casting sold

ironmongersironmongery whole thing weighs 30 poundsiron harrow teeth 8s 4cac files sharpening saws7127 2 c each large saw whip saw ls 6126 c scythe handle4s 2cac scythe larger size 6s 6cac spike hay 2s lcwheel rim iron 2 yieviebie12 c per pound four iron wagon wheels cost

four rims call them old country xax11 l4s14slsbefore blacksmith puts hammer them my opinion

better everyone buy milk pitcher tin kindwales pitchers keeping milk making cream cost 8cac

208 appendix E

each here size between 12 13 inches diameterwidest spot top 8348 inches bottom

3345343 inches deep pottery close three times expensive hereworst cup saucer sale wales

cost 5cac here dishes proportionately higher bed ropes512c52c each half inch ropes vie per pound ropes

old country better ropes country generalhemp goes black here before getting use I1 saw much

st louis half rotten I1 saw steamboat fullcatch fire until burned water level I1 dont think

big loss public I1 seen sickleshere very useful I1 suppose

well farmers come here thembrought sickles old country themsell them leave them behind did those came firstwales closed billhooksbillhooks useful country axes

country better cheap tongs fire shovels bellowsblowing fire morning very useful here

knives forks brass candlesticks soup spoons teaspoonsbest women go buy parasols women

seen walking very often without them here truly veilsomething quite good women riot seen very often without

them even welsh blue cotton sold4cac merthyr costs 8cac here I1 counsel those go bringmoleskinsmol eskins everyday wear longer materialshere I1 shall make end now end previous letter I1

gave my thoughts few things I1 considered beneficialemigrants come across sea far I1

remember concerning I1 wrote I1 changed mymind directions I1 gave I1 do thinkI1 blush presence emigrants make use

them least my conscience clear everything originatedintent benefit my welsh speaking brothers

sisters othersI1 received three numbers udgomudgorn together note

bro phillips letter you capt jones I1 sentahead fourth month received letters

brethren valley daniel leigh

trans documents td21td21morganmorgan phillips davis 209

Llanelli D peters capt jones agreementfruitfulness country D leigh valley

mountains best under sun raise cropsbushel wheat planted ground gives marvelous yield

166 bushels bushel potatoes gives 133 bushelswhat fruitfulness land adds comparison

teachings received apostlesworth anything I1 ever seen evan rees edwardwilliams digging coal lewis living townelizabeth thomas waunfro near cardiff married williamclarkdarkoark perhaps bro W thomas glad hearincreasing family far away him

things old country I1

glad see here honest heart wishing dogod continually owed me old

country just I1 do expect anythingI1 may consider owed me I1 wish bro phillips

try collect my notes I1 shall thankful himthose pay

bro capt jones sent little piece own handsent print account conference valley

you want guardian comes handsubstance letter bro jones I1 being

tested happens dear william youtried your best friends until you end your journeykeekeepp great your honor spite everythingended saying 1 I know where I1 shall you come

valley nor do I1 ask know anything com-manded me welsh well remember me jane

saints DdjonesbjonesDJjonesonesI1 hurry I1 wrote time

time I1 hurry perhaps make useI1 sent way I1 considered although really

my official duty upon arriving side seaI1 do consider strength I1 write

brother sister writesplace yet perhaps those forgotten

bro jones wrote indian territory listen

210 appendix E

counsel well then my opinion betterengaged married free themselves before startingwales comes before those coming

same time engaged well themdo same get married before starting perhaps bettermarrying undo engagement sea free

country come free between freedom seafreedom land covenants broken even thosetraveling together well then better under

promise my opinion every meaning much timeneeded get married here see each firsttime ever nine oclock morning wishbecome husband wife according law landchurch before twelve oclock same morning

your letter many saints comingacross next autumn bro pratt before letthem come whenever wish I1 nothing doemigration therefore I1 shall keep my mouth shut subject

time year I1 shall thankful you sendingletter here month two before come mentioning

number each skill sum total men women chil-dren day month leaving liverpool

come here perhaps benefit them my paperfull I1 am tired time do complaining

time I1 shall close now wishing gracious god giveyou connected you under your care wisdom

you wise serpents harmless doves theselatter days broadening kingdom god earth amen

I1 am your brother new covenantwm morgan

PS welsh saints greet you

versestd22

composed journey gwilym addudduformerly pont y ty briddpridd glamorganshireGlamorganshire

sectarianssectarians insist sell usshame like animals

across sea our leaders dogroups cry

captain say enticed areamerthyr huge number waless children

might soldyes shipful among host

oh blind men poor souls continuecourse angry dispositionjudgment plague come upon them

false tales wind

our moses mighty chief jonesour supreme heavenly teacher

full energy holy wisdomlead us land praise

taken page 12 cyfanvyddiadau ir ymfudwyrprymfuduyr tua dinas y llynharenhaenhalen direction emigrants salt lake city twelve pagepamphlet published 1818505 0 john davis merthyr tydfil gwilymdduaddu poetic pseudonym used william lewis memberfirst group welsh immigrants enter salt lake valley 1849

composed above verses during crossing plainsgeorge smith company year

letter capt D joneselders W phillips andjandaJ davis

td23id23

salt lake city september 10 1850dear brothers W phillips andjanda davis

until now life me I1 chance greetyou spite my desire since I1 wrote before now short words

my song I1 am leave again here further awaysettle valley san pete according

counsel ofprespres young me many welsh brethrencome I1 know yet come place splendid

country settle abundance water wood closelies 130 miles here went through yearsearched madociansMadoc ians I1 shall much

my way fulfill venture yet thing god wills I1 shalldo before I1 rest I1 do time say hardly anythingplace happenings I1 shall send you deseret news

published here do part meI1 received small letter you since I1 left wales

nothing anyone else until mail came very recentlyyesterday I1 received udgorn year I1 cannot describe myfeelings I1 took hold book came hands mydear brothers dear country I1 left host things

gone came my recollection I1 cut pagesmy eyes rushed across pages I1 saw names numberbrethren whom I1 love greatly shining through like diamondsamid rocks along seashore proving yet diligent

field faithful vineyard lord vineyardmy own planting bonds my heart nearly burstinghiraetbhiraeth see them shake hands once again yescompany eternally I1 cannot completely happy without

them those whom I1 loved much yet instead returningfeast company battlebattie together shoulder shoulderyou army jesus sees best now send me evenfurther well I1 am content done my soul

yet oh dear brethren priesthood what shall I1 say youcomfort you you know you servants

trans documents td23 jones Phillyphillipsps davis 213

am I1 greatjesusgreat jesus expecting us fillcircle placed shall call us togethersometime give our account well dear brethren children

christ sure appear happy remember I1

told you I1 do thus god our fatherbless you forever ever I1 say kiss my dear workerscoworkers

what else shall I1 say them show my love them yetnothing I1 time nor space even name

them too numerous go forward dear saints crownsahead you eternal life clothe you I1 dreamed lately

I1 middle room full you councilembracing my dear brethren W phillips andjanda davis endlessly

exquisitely sweet oh heaven medream oh teach dear saints tenderly love way

keep counsel god thanks my father answering myprayers your regard remember me dear howellsfamily lovingly lord him family my con-stant prayer remember me saints my wife littleclaudia well together rest welsh rememberme my family kindly my brothers john edwardmy relatives oh here I1 shall pray them

faithful saints anyway I1 heard evans coming hereyear staying council bluffs

roads here still white wagonfulswagonfuls immigrantslike doves coming windows four comerscorners

world sickness gathered my lungs through hardwork gotten much better yet dear saints rememberyour poor servant pray him served you almostdeath him faithful diligent work god

excellent conference here week everything heresuccessful wonderfully organized able leaderhelm abundance assistants I1 cannot get chance nowwrite account my journey south winter you shall

soon I1 write you shall account councilbluffs welsh bro W morgans welcome dwell

land I1 bought them I1 must close brethren herethree you my love my heart forever ever amen

D jones

letter capt D jones wm phillipscontaining news zion

mand city march 1851my dear bro phillips

pleasure I1 commune you means letter lackmeans even though letter poor means

transmit my frequent thoughts respect my nostalgicfeelings you my dear brethren priesthood together

dear saints believe me you nevermy thoughts even day best wishes my heart

offered family altar daily your behalf himable keep you safe gather you together placedeliverance where you hear sound lovely songs vic-torious zion instead having your ears stunned transitorymoans groans friends relatives loved ones where youmeet brother friend cheery smile face index

happy guileless heart instead like beingpained angry look gnashing teeth you alongstreets those whom you wish benefit I1 received while

wish fills my mind spite everythinghappened see hosts welsh enjoying teachingquietness peace here deliverancesickness plagues oppression according accounts

prophecies continue sweep wretched inhabitantsworld spirit world ready trampling restunder iron hooves dust without hope salvation

may day soon come you shall find yourselves hereI1 shall pleasure your company valleys these

peaceful healthful mountains you shall your fillfruitful land work without paying rent hardly tax anyone

plenty wages satisfy you every trade yesyou shall does everyone else here full enjoyment

elements possession endowment our fatherchildren you shall perfect law freedom

tram7 nansrans documents yd24td24 capt D jones wm phillips 215

defend you your rights urge you do every good thingpunish you your smallest transgression you

do knowinglyour church state officials here among ourselves

isaiah prophesied saintsdays news came here lately united states per-

mitted us territory choose our respected pres B youngpresident granted generous privileges new

territory considering our borders reach southlatitude 37 degrees north our king rightly said wise

serpents harmless doves goodsubjects remember continually

situation saints here extremely successful spirituallytemporally these valleys produce wheat barley oats potatoesevery kind crop vegetable grown britainmuch abundantly less trouble except irrigate

task must done carefully diligentlyinsufficient rains summer without way

corn irrigated opening furrows ploughsowing seed few feet each waywater runs slowly along furrows water obtained

nearby streams through ditches dug purposethese lands nature water penetrates

through these furrows few hours then waterturned away perhaps week less manner40 bushels wheat per acre generally produced frequently

I1 know gotten incredible sum200 bushels sowing bushel something

uncommon although true abovementionedabove mentioned california wheatwhat sown here produces much grass

each seed sometimes scores I1 counted them myselfears corn fork several considerable size

called seven headed variety price wheat now2502.50250 3003003.00 per bushel price time ago much

higher summer immigrants high25 cents per pound flour oats barley being little cheaperpotatoes 100loo1.00100 per bushel butter 50 cents cheese sameprice less wages craftsmen 2 4 workers

216 appendix E

1 2 per day month 12 20 per monthyear I1 am now paying welsh boys salary 200

per year plus food washing lad fifteenyears old 100 maid 150lyo1.50150 per week 1

welsh ones common wage maids 1 per weekgreat demand welsh women until became too

greedy wages I1 am writing like these valleys generalplace particular lest you misunderstand me

conference pres young wished me namingme public emigrate place san pete I1

came autumn spendidspendik valley advantageous settlealthough large great salt lake valley yet

advantageous respects here greater abun-dance land easier work irrigate proportioninhabitants now you surprisedhow settled already much easier get treesshelter firewood etc here account my journeysouth year you history settlement place

increased already until several hundred com-fortabletable houses families loving devoutpeaceful I1 ever seen cross word profanityoppression injustice I1 seen since I1 here

worship house large comfortable overflow-ing every sunday cheery happy people school held

every day too small build anotherschoolhouse lately meetings held them every nightthrough week built here since I1 came corn grindingmill sawmill lathsbaths shingles shop here

you get nearly common supplies you wantprices different those states you might

think except thingsseveral thousand acres land worked enclosure

pleasant see what unity brotherhood everyoneworks together benefit everything fact

said people whatever put handsdo do willingly might

thought desire each build kingdomdoing each builds himself

trans documents td24 capt D jones wm phillips 217

next news cheer your hearts every I1 knowmyself sing you scattered ofzionzion through world yearejoice british isles sea lord god shortening

great work you do shortly justice templehim built zion your own thirsty soul

drink deeply grom inexhaustible fountains knowledge godproper way worship him heaven laws

enjoyment glory where you through preparationsgodly ordinances become fit associate inhabitants

taught perfect ethics used eternaldwelling place yea your time according your faithfulnessyou possess fulnessfalness strength priesthoodreigns every place completing yourwork giving god servants sufficient proof yourfaithfulness worthiness you gain goodly entrancethrough gates temple first gate gateunto holy blessed those happy soulsexpectation bliss strength faith gettingfaith once given saints worth every effortsuffering here mention something similar substance

religion godly wisdom satisfy desiroussouls tasted firstfruitsfirstfruits holy ghost well dearsaints your comfort your devotion I1 assure youblessed time door yes appointed time yoursouls longed thing I1 taught you frequentlyI1 heavenly sweetness close oh

my dear friends mormonism false anything I1

taught you although deceive themselvesthrough them unspeakable lossfaithful come tongue tell blessings glory

eternal lives enjoy what else shall I1 say distanceyou know your duties obey priesthood your midst

you support leaders through your faith your prayersyour obedience lead you safely time enjoy-

ment your hearts desire yes your heartsimagine remember necessary test

your faith things always god try peoplethings does mean things expect

218 appendix E

then watch live properly today while todaythus you endure end

further topic I1 shall say I1 understand through recentcommunication pres young begins foun-dation temple intend begin give those first

going overseas missions endowments councilhouse spacious beautiful building newly finishedbefore foundation build wall rocks aroundtemple block contains 10 square acres wall4 feet thick 8 feet high top wall bricks8 feet high 6 feet pickets top

wall several gates guarded watchmenfirm decision through these gates unclean thing

enter way under circumstance these condi-tions you notice lord gave promise presence

temples built yet uncleanevil crawled those circumstances saints

withstand them done hereiron railway being made carry rocks mountain

wall going here muchelse I1 cannot express you through letter short

new world already clothed cheerful countenanceantiquity diligent inhabitants fulfilling character

little diligent creatures whose name given placedeseret translated honeybee

here four cities already established dedicatedinhabited being built surprisingly fast great salt lake cityogden city 40 miles north provo city 46 milessouth manti city 13012 miles south salt lakecity ie place first called san pete coaches

prepared established run each week hereogden service begin soon spring arrives bridges

made across rivers road madewhole distance several settlements established

here across utah valley north cornervalley mills made winter short

valleys mountains hundreds miles already aliveinhabitants

trans documents td24 capt D jones wm phillips 219

surprising gathering here easternworld think nearly inhabitants lefthome between saints come here thou-sands come through here country gold

unrivalled commotion going least besides com-pany containing many families I1 know exactly how manyfar 100 under presidency ofgoagG smith emigrated

great salt lake valley little salt lake valleyjanuary together preparations tools advantageous

establishing settlement valley I1 mentionedmy journey place where kept our wagons etc tooksupplies year seeds every kind corn etc intent

raise supplies mainly satisfy thousands miners ironcoal etc intended send next summer makeiron etc government here now making plans beginiron railway great salt lake valley little salt lakevalley soon intended drive through

port san diego pacific ocean amasa lymancharles C rich two apostles now city preparingnumerous company now leave settlewilliams ranch near los angeles within 40 miles port

mentioned rich healthful country temperateclimate said never frost snow fruits

tropics produced abundantlyyou see these movements propheciesimaginings I1 wrote you before being quickly

fulfilled purpose open waysaints come here south instead coming alongaccursed waters missouri long painful journey

across land rocky mountains I1 believehalf distance cost time come here

railway finished being hurried along across isthmuspanama ship san diego

along railway place you choose good newsisnt oppressed children zion especiallyremember longing freedom homecoming

hope thousands them earnenough lifetime pay cost come here

220 appendix E

spite I1 better news still faithfulpatient proves great care god servants

children I1 think many view foregoing promisessing weep rejoice grieve alternately say

what good temple ordinances us too poorable go place where worry day

night inability come zion enjoyprivileges saints take heart poor people wales you

lost your poverty arm your godshortened gather poor

corners earth although curse thousandsheads those poor persons whose cost paid zion

dishonesty unkindness yet doclose ways god nor prevent work prosper-ing instead way gathering poor societyestablished here sponsored government B youngpresiding through gifts already tens thousands

dollars purpose gather poor here wherework public works until pay backreceived bishop hunter others deputized sentstates returned fall hundreds remnants

those poor nauvoo etc incomework returned treasury increases timebesides continuous contributions until I1 hope beneficialeffects felt even britain wales before longbehold you poor people proof I1 promised throughgod you I1 you leftbehind your poverty rejoice then faithful

patient until you sentanother bit news I1 tell you ourselves

place begun build temple agreedmatter I1 doubt what finished beforeend next summer abundance already promised

our joy even fullernews respect madociansMadoc ians besides

I1 wrote account my journey I1 heard fallcity gentleman lived mexico wayhome states through here few years ago

trans documents d24td242 capt D jones wm phillips 221

found journey nation white people describedthem very similarly way ward others described them

settling same place respecthouses either hewn rock built rocknook between high rocks impossible get except through

narrow descent climb ladders topshouses outside go down them ceiling

bottom others say things differentfriends welcomed midst 300 young womencoming dressed petticoats white pettigownspettigownsheads adorned flowers etc each little pouch

indian corn flour scattered along pathbefore them custom shows abundance togethergenerosity kindness filled needs cheaply

went awaybesides col doniphan missouri announced part

army mexican war proclaiming peace offeredservice restore peace among neighboring indianslost way time came across

white people received them welcome winteredspring escorted soldiers santa fe

kindness col sent regiment accompany them home safelypublished story newspapers states

I1 privilege seeing them said meread account together two treatises

published travelers midst formerassures me I1 know how welsh spokethese accounts agree remarkably peculiarities them

even explicitly I1 understood through indians visitus here elders used go almost every summer

south ten day journey trade whitepeople say make wear clothes similarmormonscormonsMormons women much fairer

work earth plough large fat horseiron plough implements horses kind strongweb own making showed me wool blankets

bought similar home spun walesmake several colors black rows blue white

222 appendix E

others these indians say rather superstitiousbelieve divinersdividersdiviners wizards etc man rides home

forest huge piece wood without anything visiblepulling along poor things superstitiousthese indians I1 expect history per-sons midst return you shall ampleraccount yet bro davis complained pieces longyear I1 fear you same mind now I1

do end either feast famine between us stillcannot otherwise now I1 must end feasting

accounts I1 you udgomudgorn etc until next fallseems I1 shall expect feast through receiving your stories

year through udgornudgom comprehensive lettersI1 shall expect many you

families came here alive healthy farI1 heard cannot help do well country

try several welshmenwelshmerWelsh men came through here countrygold them welsh went thomas johnI1 am pleased see names my old zealous brethren

workerscoworkers thomas pugh howell williams T gilesdavid john thomas rees john thomas eli edwards robertevansevansjosjos davies D williams wm williams family etcetc space name them halfclose my heart always yourself mydear brethren john davis wm howells I1 translatedletter published deseret news requestpres B young I1 intend write him soon let him hear

letter pray him do I1 every day my warmest loveabove brethren families together my acquaintances

dear saints my chief wish youzealous meek godly pray continually each

success zion your unworthy brother lorddan jones

letter elizabeth lewis john davistd25

manti 185111851.118511851.18511

dear brother gospelmy excuse writing you I1 am sure where my

parents my relatives living now alive youtell them me I1 promised many my dear

friends saints others I1 write herehappenings nature country inhabitantsreligion professed many promised believe my testimonyhere I1 testified mormonism still seemed true althoughdelay believe until then wise yet I1 consider my duty

fulfill my promises them thus your permission givespace columns udgornvdgorn I1 still hope though

afar help them break debate mindsrespect country general briefly space

does allow me go detail mountainous countrybroken valleys great small rich lovely rowshigh rocky wooded snowy cold looking mountains

contrast rich meadows summerlikesummer like weatheraround feet without exception form majestic sight

present inhabitants besides remnants several tribesindians live almost inhumanly unnoticed along

lowlands hills saints like myself immigratedhere different parts world without assistance

world almost except freedom elementsnatural condition hope stimulate them here enjoyfreedom worship god something forbiddenthem almost every part world took holdsomething without shape already peopleindependent world possessing fulnessfalness maintenance

fruit own labors peacefreedom priceless

our officials temporal spiritual amongst ourselveslaws like subjects receive justice needless say these

224 appendix E

inhabitants religious nothing else fashionable much less

tolerable here here four cities speedily being builtinhabited containing already thousands tensthousands inhabitants country surrounding respect

agriculture looks similar wales except fieldsricher flatter bit larger fields containing thousandsacres every craft thriving schools every settlementworship houses numerous full sabbath worshipersnormal health enjoyed throughout settlements peacereigns through regions altogether I1 cannot say half whatI1 feel what I1 see rights enjoyment mention

religious privileges these saved inhabitantsI1 see temporal advantages these valleys my

thoughts escape back frequently compare conditions myfellow nation wales poor ground rentshard taxes makes hard world ease

fulnessfalness freedom enjoy here moderatediligence I1 understand plagues choleraschelerascho leras

disease deaths thefts murders ravag-ing mankind bitteringembitteringem sweetest pleasures I1 cannothelp worry here thousands I1 know

nothing make my happiness completeenjoy welsh company here

respect religion truthfulness I1 testifiedmuch I1 testify firmly today ever

true gospel ofjesusjesus christ strength I1 get addi-tional testimony continually I1 get

set truthfulness beyond doubt my mindlong time ago my friends hear my testimonynow stronger my exhortations

intense far them get baptized servantsgod remission sins saved kingdom

god oh you my dear relatives believe my testimonywise your own benefit you my acquaintances whom I1 implored

much your obedience plan god save mankinddistance may inducement strengthen you

break argument better you obeyordinances heaven take pains try conduct yourselves

trans documents td26 letter great salt lake city 225

zealously according human traditions agecontrast mere shadows substance choose goodpart saved my constant prayer

remember me lovingly my dear parents my brothersmy gentle sisters you see them faithful saints hop-ing see them here soon like doves coming windows

welsh came here same time I1 did alivehealthy successful far I1 know my own family

I1 thanks grantor blessings enjoying excellenthealth cheerful prospects ahead health our dear pres

capt jones better diligence every waykeeps him feeble likely write you himself severalothers whom you shall detailed accountI1 give you capt jones elected mayor chiefjusticechief justice

manti city lately I1 am your sister gospel christelizabeth lewis

letter great salt lake cityeditor udgorn

great salt lake city january 31 1852dear brother davis

delight pleasure I1 write you again far westhoping little paper reach you safely youenjoying health temporal spiritual success wish

your old friend earlier time llanybydder comes mindoften small babies newly born fold goodshepherd great joy felt time

four us holding our meetings my old home glantrenfawrasking great things our kind father greater

226 appendix E

our joy get answerrequested knew time our closestneighbors our relatives whom loved dearly bereft

those truths already come knowlong before others enlisted under

same banner ourselves our neighbors complainedtime old captain jones said deceived us

promised him etc neithernor anyone else prove word truth day

time several faithful brethren came us ie brother abelevans thomas harries others great benefit

us through valuable counsels greater experiencechurch jesus christ

condition increasing gradually father lies childrenraged greatly against us until came target scorn

nearby reverends worked our good youremember letter I1 received capt D daviesdolaudelau threatening me greatly religion I1 professedcalling saints poor things damned night deepersleadeth people away down hell lord saw fit blessus proportion persecution sufferedtoo lengthy me now mention old daniel blindcruel persecutors I1 know shall receive justiceforthcoming day secrets hearts examined

forgive me dear brother writing you knewalready pleasure me write remember former times

now I1 venture give our story here you severalnation welshmenwelshmerWelshmen came here fall them

enjoying excellent health shortly came here I1

honor baptizing eighteen them same dayconfirmed my own house I1 baptized them lord

poured spirit them abundantly usadministered extraordinary manner wonder feel good

love joy dwell every heart ordinance baptismnecessary saints obey coming here our reveredpres brigham young counselors twelve gaveobedience above ordinance came here renewing

covenants lord live faithfully etc everything

trans documents td26 letter great salt lake city 227111217

going along well here storehouse lord being filledquickly anticipate blessings continually

promise our side lord said through prophetI1 open you windows heaven pour you

blessing shall room enough receivehosts saints year received endowments endow-ments continue given again year several welsh

extremely high honor receiving them I1 say youbro davis blessed those humble faithful I1 fullybelieve you many blessingsthem hitherto I1 do possess words

expression describe excellence glory wisdomholy order my master my goodly father set bring

children receive inheritance eternal life several largehouses built here year church preparations

now being made make large walls around temple blocksoon doubt excellent temple seen here kind

seen dispensation saints continuefaithful present diligence faithfulness

success matter wonder worldknknowow what say think us admit

something wondrous us oh wiseunderstood invisible hand lord protect-

ing keeping children daily although suffers enemiessaints persecute them place place city

city until finally persecuted them wilderness1000 miles settlements white people good

far them may calm here worship ourgod hurt us make us afraid mobs

missouri illinois too far do hear quietcity here cruel blasphemies ie deceivers satanists falseprophets etc etc oh how lovely dwelling brotherstogether far phariseesPharis ees hypocrites agematter how far several gentiles come ussick yellow fever desirous gathering beforegolden god lower california stay here short timewhy spirit living god reigns here fearterror horror sinners zion yet baptize

228 appendix E

occasional those honest heart bloodephraim comes here midst happy rejoice

us salvation our god I1 see you here dearbrother doubtless you like great source light

knowledge crystalline waters goes quicklyfour corners earth yet perhaps duty calls you stay

while you lose nothing loss thoserefuse come here way open them come

how sweet listen counsels our president brighamcounselors together twelve turn show

clearly our duties church great rewardcomes carrying them what wisdom colleges

world compared god father sonjesusson jesus christstrong deeds holy ghost I1 answer nothing

wisdom natural earthly do think thingsabove oppose godly wisdom power god

our age just did every age priesthoodearthI1 must finish you see letter worthy appearing

your udgomudgorn you welcome use appearsudgorn I1 say again those saints read flee flee

zion according counsel servants godpresidency wales I1 wish very much hear my relativesmy father david my brother my sister sarah

started toward here I1 wish family ofcefncrwthcefncrwth Meidmeldrimrimsend letter me I1 very much love see them here

I1 hope what I1 said them stay mindsI1 wish my mother law send letter me frequently mywife joins me together bro benjaminjonesbeniaminbenjaminjones sadlerrichard jones sending fond regards you bro thomasharries

farewell while dear brotheryour humble servant

thomas jeremy

letters capt D jonestd27

manti city may 1 1852esteemed brother phillips

extended delay I1 again write remind youbeloved saints wales I1 am still alive here continuing

enjoyment many privileges blessings temporalspiritual cause delay pres youngs counsel me

october prepare mission wales I1 expectedcarry my own letter however together scores

brethren came through here yesterday visit southern settle-ments instructed me prepare search further

madociansMadocians next fall said lately heard quitenumber interesting stories them too long

report letter I1 shall follow instructionsdear brother you your important missionmission occupy my

thoughts my prayers frequently causes small com-fort me hear through letters etc lord keepingyou strengthening you through spirit lead church

success hear I1 say unity charity prosper-ing point attracting sinners obey gospel christ

doubt welsh understood what being enjoyed heretogether things await themreadily obey nation god arranged throughfoolishness preaching saving those believe

must believe your witness before see through veilbetween them future destiny way

doubt you await stories me time bestthese inhabitants these valleys enjoying

general health peace countenance father smilesthem possessions labor temporally speak-

ing enjoy privileges blessings enlightenmentknowledge god our father great plan salvationcontinually church never before seen

230 appendix E

unanimous devotion unwavering general determinationbuild kingdom ofjesusjesus through these valleys now

enthusiastic unity zeal brought down heavenconference blessings knowledge ever before

natives live around settlements peaceful nowkingdom come our midst here coming our ancestorsdesired much enjoy part agriculture fruitful

storehouses country overflowed laborabundance wheat obtained between 2 4 shill-

ings per 60 pound bushel cheese 6 pence 10 pence butter10 pence 1 shilling horses cheaper ever here horned

stock continue previous prices clothes doubleamerican prices shortage money here presently

causes merchants part transport goodsgold mines here

brave efforts favor independence wholeworld markets through increase home skills

already large part inhabitants making ownclothes necessities insofar climate allows materials

grow settlements continually spreadingsouth where everything produced produced

climate while peace protection continue homecover these valleys present neither you nor need

uneasy jealousy fury appearingagainst us states part our fathers footstool

respect immigration here year roomdoubt longer far beyond past year

through states preparations being made here send scoresseveral hundred wagons meet immigrants traveling

foot along way thousands food etctaken them halfway states

respect emigration wales you doubtgetting pertinent counsel presidency liverpool yetI1 shall add consideration emigrating saints

let them strive keep spirit god themlose spirit gathering forget inciting purposes

nor final selection arriving here gatheringstrong wind blessed keeps sights diligently

trans documents d27td272 letters capt Dbjonesdjonesjones 231

objective I1 am sorry understand welsharrived great salt lake year starting alreadystarted off gold mines contrary counsel die4 yellowtyellow fever lust gold called two choices

better saints live die faithful here goparadise lose future glory trying gather fail-ing I1 received letter thomas giles lately caused megreat comfort thank him me I1 shall try repay himbefore long writing him I1 letter yousince I1 saw you pleasure seeing your name your ownhand pleasing gift fruit stones I1 received half

those you sent thank you very much themI1 havent heard bro davis long time what

reason I1 received udgornudgom except first volumefew issues nearly two years old H evans

nearly my old colleagues died way heremy family well welsh what I1 hear greetdear saints me lovingly may gracious lord bless them

you bro davis pugh etc I1 myself bless you amenI1 am yours etc

D jones

dear brother davisI1 received comforting letter lately my brother edward

shows spirit saint longing desireimmigrate zion earnestly beseeches me assist himI1 I1 wrote him back ask you you hand moneyowing me kind present himreception good money me

I1 am short money here I1 muchpound year I1 am grateful sufficient

food peace enjoy1I depend you brother phillips faithful saints

do your best me according your customary kind-ness please convey thanks me my wife margarettjonesmargarett jones

delightful present little pair shoes stockingsour baby reached us greatly neededleather here price world neither

232 appendix E

likely available until made here I1 hearmade salt lalakeke

thanks your letters you sent time agobooks I1 desire nothing hear course

gospel dear wales I1 very glad hear fre-quentlyquent ly may wise god bless you charity wisdom

eternal success my sincere daily prayer my wife mychildren enjoying good health thank goodnessjoin me remembering you your family bro phillips

family beloved pugh together our acquaintancesespecially saints soon shall meet you here like wheatgathered barn before coming adversity

you give me news my brotherjohnbrothebrother rjohnjohn I1 heardhim since I1 left except letter daughter

sarah two years ago edward way hereI1 hope I1 rather expect see three you here beforeI1 return yet according mind counsel

him owns usI1 hope hear much you before I1 start south

fall search welsh indians I1 shall repaynews likely I1 heard you published doctrine

covenants together book mormon welsh oh t

how glad I1 see them may author endow youwisdom important work say 1I 1I must make end

now you see bidding farewell timeyour brother etc

D jones

letter presidents W phillips john davistd28

pottowatamie june 2222 1818525 2

dear brothers phillips davisI1 take present opportunity write you pottowatamiepottowataniewelsh branch begun journey toward great salt lake

valley english french companyfifty wagons make camp divided five groups

ten wagons each group j captain each tenwagons captain whole camp I1 shall name thosewhom you know capt D evans Llanelli first john reesblacksmith formerly near pont haiarn merthyr tydfilsecond H evans former president west glamorgan thirdcoward fourth fifth you do know him williambeddoe brickman formerly pendarenPendaren scribecamp abel evans captain guards writer

servant whole camp I1 written three lettersaccording I1 heard bro evansreached destination

saints good health each tent housewhite snow glad our brothers sisters

many whom know closer us get see truthword like country flowing milk etc

much milk our camp thrown casually bathwaterbathwaterused three four merthyr colliers

use close needrachel rowlands hirwaunHirwaun improving well williams

two daughters camp journey valleytogether thomas morris ann my sister thanks you

sending them across I1 shall make end now you shallour story crossed river

I1 am hastewilliam morgan

letter presidents W phillips andjandaJ davistd29

bear river 80 miles salt lake city20 september 1852

dear brothers phillips davisaccording my promise I1 now take opportunity writing

you second time journey comfor-table journey way far weather unusuallymoderate little rain storms even thoughcrossed mountain 7700 feet above sea level saw

much day snow our way did see lotblack clouds rising wind heard distant thunder

whole heavens above gathering forces sweepus away dared harm us

authority calls stars nameswhose command winds obey parted them handie clouds until went past us every side us

middle without our feeling effects just once twicedid happen

well present little sickness ourjourney four died ie william dafydd Ll anellithomas son william son sister howells aberdareaberdaleAberdare

fell under mothers wagon wheel went chestadministered him through ordinances church

jesus christ according scriptures next nightstrolling around camp fell sick again day twobro taylor myself administered him again diedspite everything everyone died jennet

daughter thomas anne morris cancer you shallaccount our journey reach valley

night our camp bank sulphur creektwo miles here heard morning our dearbrother capt D jones camped bear riverlong you shall learn hearing news before word

pack pick came I1 know nowhere

trans documents td29 letter phillips anddavisdavis 235

journey quicker response call namelit flame love breast everyone toward himnothing else heard through camp bro jones

let us go meet him wasnt long before wheelsturning traveling close mile saw man smallstature walking quickly meet us did know

drew nearer each our joyour dear bro jones customary cheery smile easier

imagine describe our meeting shaking handsembracing weeping kissing went bank riverwhere left horse having traveled twenty thirtymiles during night ahead company order meet us

decided spend day friendship converse eachthings pertaining kingdom our god oh

brethren how sweet words poured lips trueevery word mouth sweet earlier wales

thousand times sweeter here desolate mountainsamerica between eight nine thousand miles wales

I1 must end letter camp getting nearbrothersbrothersjeremyjeremy daniels coming hold penfaithful brethren whom I1 traveled thousands milesbonds love getting near I1 brotherssisters running I1 cannot restrain myself longer beholdeveryone coming back camp heart full joyfull proof truthfulness words how lovely dwell-ing brothers together spent rest day brotherlylove times singing times testifying our determinationslistening teaching three brethren until day wentpast truth told until twelve oclock night

though midst green willows met spiritgod among us took our leave each

fulfill calling full confidence meet againzion camp getting underway farewell now dearbrothers phillips davis

I1 am your brother bonds gospelW morgan

william morgan william phillips andjohnandyjohnjohn davistd30

salt lake city june 25 1852dear brothers phillips davis

according my promise my letter I1 take opportunitygive details account our journey bluffs

lovely place taking our leave brothers jonesdaniels jeremy others ones I1 knew being numerous

ones I1 did know continued our journey ourhearts rejoicing reflecting conversations interesting

edifying counsels received aforementionedbrethren praying our father bless themdangerous goodly endeavors land watermidst our own nation arriving mountain creektraveling three four miles decided rest throughnight where plenty grazing animals sun

hide head west mantle nightdrawing nigh exhorting everyone except watchmen restheard noise wagon coming pellmellpell mell city road

then straining eyes see what comingbefore long lead watchmen shouted welsh saltlake need say again first word piercedthrough us like electric current everyone came near having

race meet them our great joy thomasjones hirwaenHirwaen morgan hughes pontyatesPontyates william sonevan jones mill street aberdareaberdaleAberdare come thirtyforty miles meet us load fruits valleywatermelonswatermelons mushmelonsmushmelons potatoes pickle cucumbers grapes etc

welcome us watchmen came camp accordinglanguage ancient welsh without sword unsheathed

against them put entire load under my care I1

honor dividing load among brothers sisterseven though divider normally gets smallest share I1 got

plenty myself everyone else even though tasteddelicacies during summer went further

trans documents td30yd30 morgan phillips anddavisdavis 237

foot mountain next day second day crossedsecond mountain seen here time reachedexpanse between second mountain first

multitude brethren awaiting us samepresents received brethren I1 shall name

them john parry newmarket son dl leighowen roberts thomas james cadwaladrcadwaladar owens etc too many

name reached city day septemberhealthy our hearts thankful our father privilege

traveled 1113013 0 miles without civilized man owning furrowland except two places ie fort laramie fort bridger

except these two places under governmentvarious indian tribes buffaloes thousands them

unusual see four five hundred them herd com-ing platte river get water killed five them ourjourney meat similar taste welsh beef saltneeded keep smelling bad drying heatsun serves same purpose salt does without

salting indians kindly people behaves kindlytoward them day totally unawares I1 happened come

midst three four hundred them ie siouxmy custom I1 horseback riding front camp

look trail comfortable place lunchhaving gone ahead camp two miles I1 saw twothem coming fast horses carry them meet me

far I1 concerned I1 like king henry sigsipsrpsicsic readysay kingdom horse I1 good underme being camp too late turn backbetter go forward long before indian majesty

myself met another greeted me how do mormongood I1 thought then bad I1 believedI1 went ahead between two chieftains official

pompous dress till arrived campmile half place where met camparranged astronomical manner my opinion biggesttent middle picture sun drawn

something red same kind seen old countryothers pictures I1 did understand

238 appendix E

brought my mind words prophet people wor-ship sun etc since totally ignorant trueliving god behaved toward me extremely gentlemanlyfashion chiefs spread blankets ground motion-ing me sit down smoke what called peace pipe

I1 understood through translator huntington mannerhaving pipe handed around each group like shilling

jug taverns old country handed aroundmembers group each turn takes

drink pipe chief takes two three puffsthen passes next around circle untilchief again refusing sit down them smokesign among them refuses envious well

brother davis how you react you called pipeI1 am confident brother phillips like myself forgotten

take turn camp came took collec-tion them spoonful two sugar cakes etc

majesty accepted our gifts then our camp got under waymyself having shaken hands spoken received suggestions

I1 did understand I1 followed campI1 understood speaking good mormon swappongo although red boys what I1 observejourney completely harmless yet I1 do say

steal chance I1 say muchgoing past thousands them sleeping ourcamp nothing stolen us nor insult ever given

us although journey long I1 considerednothing enjoyment every step way me

everyone fond observing wondersdesert seeing something new every day

since I1 spent winter season city perhaps youlike hear little our history city laid

straight streets north south same east westland square blocks called ten acres

land within each block town between two three miles

answer I1 shall make head pipe chimney mymouth JJ D

trans documents tdatd30td30 morgan phillips davis 239

long two miles wide splendid buildings herestorehouse church 190 feet long three

stories high completed excellent waycouncil house social hall grand buildings addi-tion splendid buildings under construction

intended put hundred masons work summerwall surround temple streets city130 feet wide trees planted between footwalksfootwalks

way vehicles water running every streetplaces turn according wishes inhabitantsflat land city located 30 miles wide200 miles long mountains surrounding every side

snow mountaintopsmountain tops now I1 am toldthroughout year beautiful view

behold foot mountains covered plantsflowers top like white sheeting placed green table

salt lake feet places like transparentglass sun hides face west reflects snow

leaves flowers water sight beautifulbeyond description much snow falls valley idleanimals live through winter flat land founda-tion temple almost finished cornerstone placed

april thought now building readywithin three years

here segment letter brotherjonesBrothebrother jonesrjones bishop hunter

esteemed bishop hunter many my compatriots comingacross 13th company I1 do know condition perhaps

money provision scarce reachvalley I1 shall grateful you furnishing them

needs through hand brother morgans sic I1 shall payyou manti san pete valley I1 am etc D jones

brotherjonesbrotherBrothe jonesrjones gave letter me banks bearriver I1 shall soon forget fatherly care fellownation behalf myself my camp I1 express warmestthanks my brother herojoneshero ojonesjones although none us

need I1 mantimandmantl lately jane little girl

240 appendix E

healthy jane expecting baby day welshcome valley beginning emigration until

now alive well except four ie wife ofdoadD phillipsjane morgan cardiff lucy wife captain evans Llanelli

mary ann widow george davis rhymni twodied childbirth jane cancer I1 do know whatsister phillipss illness died before I1 came valleyeverything going along well these valleys land

crops abundant wheat cut weekdiligent man comes here without shilling pocket threeyears self sufficient misfortune befalls him

plenty work public works those animalswage laborers 3 shillings 3 pence per day

12 shillings 6 pence per day masons price flourstorehouse church 1 pound 5 shillings per hundred

does rise fall price here better placeworkers merthyr tydfil together those

animals plants flowers spring earthsay language here fruitful soil till you shallyour daily bread my paper nearly full my love you yourwives children brotherjonesBrothebrother rjonesjones saints marthawishes remembered you same way

your brother christwilliam morgan

works cited

alienallenailen james B thomas G alexander eds manchester cormonsmormonsMormonsjournal william clayton 1840 1842 santa barbara

salt lake city peregrine smith 1974appleby william I1 journal housed library archives historical

division church jesus christ latter day saints salt lakecity hereafter cited LDS church archives

bowen david D history life david D bowenLDS church archives

chambers rachel david biographical sketch private collectiondaviesdaviesjohnjohnsonjohn johnson historical sketch my life utah historical

quarterly 9 1941 155 67davis john preface hanes ymfudiady saint i Galigallcalifornianonniafornia account

saints emigration california iii iv merthyr tydfiltydfiljJ davis1849

davis john J D saints farewell prqphuydyjub&prophwydy jubelijubili prophetjubilee december 1848 186

editor ofserenofferensezenseren gomergomerswstarSw ofgomergomer 6 october 1848

unpublished private collectionelsom kendall asiatic cholera cyclopedia medicine

surgery specialties 31410 11 rev ed philadelphia F daviscompany 1966

hulme william orson pratt 2288 april 1849 millennial star 15 june1849 185 86

jaquesjaquesjjaqueshJaquesJJ orson pratt 22july22 july 1856 millennialstarmillennial star 30 august 1856553 57

jeremy sarah biographical sketch la heart throbs 0 west 118 9salt lake city daughters utah pioneers 1950

jeremy thomas journal LDS church archivesjohn davis 18 april 1849 hanes ymfudiad y saint i

Galigallcaliforniafornia 21 24 merthyr tydfil J davis 1849tojohncojohnjohn davis 14 april 1850 ngom selon zions trumpet

october 1850 281 85john davis 21 january 1852 udgomudgorn semnsewnselon 8 may 1852

142 45

jeremy thomas et al greeting emigrating saints udgomudgornselon march 1849 55 58

242 works cited

jones dan orson spencer 29 september 1847 millennial star15 october 1847 318 19

hail california prophwydyjubi1iprophwydy jubelijubili october 1848 158counsels emigrants california prqphwydyjub&prophwydy jubelijubili

november 1848 165 69 article unsigned authorshipobvious however

tojohncojohnJohnDavisdavis 18 april 1849 55212211 hanesymfudiadyahanesymfudiady sainti Galigallgaliforniacaliforniamorniaforniamornik 5 21 merthyr tydfil J davis 1849

william phillips 3300 april 1849 udgomudgorn selon june 1849122 23

william phillips 13 july 1849 udgomudgorn seiondeion september1849 179 82

W morgan W davies 21 september 1849cyfarwyddiadau irpr ymfudwyr tua dinas y llyn halenhaen directions

emigrants salt lake city 2 6

william phillips 12 october 1849 umborn sehonsebon april1850 105 10

william phillips 20 november 1849 twitritrillythyrTrillyllythyrthyr oddiwrthcapt D jones ac un oddiwrth lemslewslewis 06 gydwefigy dwelt 0 dainasddinasddinasyy liyllyllynnhalen three letters capt D jones lewisKidwelly I1 salt lake city 1 3 merthyr tydfil J davis 1818505 0

john davis 12 april 1850 twillyTrillytrillythyrtii llyIlyilythyrthyr 4 5

william phillips 12 april 1850 tri llyIlyttyelfilythyrllythyrfhyrthyr 5 6

william phillips john davis 10 september 1850udgomudgorn selon 11 january 1851 17 19

william phillips march 18518511 llythyr oddiwrth capt Djones win phillips yn cynnwys newyddion 0 deionseion lettercapt D jones wm phillips containing news zion 1 8

merthyr tydfil john davis 1851william phillips 1 may 1852 private collection

fourth note john davis publishedudgorn seiondeion 4 september 1852 287 90

jones noah awyncwyncwynyrymfudwraiddauanerchiadlwaemyrymfudwr ai dadauddau anerchiadlament emigranttwo greetings merthyr tydfil john davis nd

jones york F lehi willardwillardjoneslonesjonesloves salt lake city woodruff printing1972

lewis elizabeth john davis 10 april 1818505 0 trltritiityetze llyIlyclyllythyrilythyrfhyrthyrfayr 6 8

tojohncojohnJohnDavisdavis 1851 udgornudgom selonyelon 23 august 1851 272 74lewis william englynionEnglynion cyfarwyddiadau ir ymfudwyrprymfudwyr 12morgan william william phillips 2 september 1849 udgomudgorn selon

november 1849 218 19

works cited 243

william phillips 25 december 1849 udgornudgom semnsewnselonfebruary 1850 51 54

william phillips 26 may 1850 udgomudgorn semnsewnselon july 1850186 88

william phillips john davis 19 july 1850cyfanvyddiadaucyfarwyddiadau irymfudwyrprymfiudwyr directions emigrants 2 6 10

william phillips john davis 22 june 1852 udgornsemnsewnsemuselon 7 august 1852 259 60

william phillips john davis 20 september 1852udgornudgom semnsewnselon 8 january 1853 32 33

william phillips john davis 2255 june 1818535 3 udgomudgornsemnsewn 27 august 1853 143 47

nash isaacisaacbisaacaB life story isaac B nash arranged copiedoriginals grandchildren lyn W nash

peters david records LDS church archivesphillips william emigration saints california udgornudgom semnsewn

march 1849 59 61pratt david H paul F smart life board mormon emigrant

ship 1980 world conference records series 418proceedings

scoville lucius N church headquarters 8 june 1849 journalhistory church 8 june 1849 LDS church archives

smith george ezra T benson dan jones william morganwilliam davis 21 september 1849 cyfarwyddiadau irpr

ymfudwyr directions emigrants 2 6 merthyrmerthyrtydfiljtydfil J davis1849

smith george william I1 appleby orson hyde 18 october1849 millennial star 15 april 1850 125 27

spencer orson orson pratt 10 april 1849 millennial star 15 june1849 182 85

tullidge edward W women mormondom new york npap1877

warnerwarnerjimjim john keetle list members lettersnotes warner kettle families spanish fork utahgenealogical department church ofjesusjesus christ latter daysaints salt lake city

6219181382004_callofzion_040719_112401

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