View
8
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
1
ABSOLUTISM Absolute Monarchs
• Kings and Queens who held all of the power within their states’ boundaries.
• Control every aspect of society.• Believe in divine right; God created the
monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.
• Monarchs answered only to God – not subjects.
Power Grows Because
• Feudalism ends• Cities grow• National Kingdoms help to centralize authority• Growing middle class & merchants back
monarchs because they support business & trade• Wealth of colonies pours into monarchy• Breakdown of church authority allow monarchs to
gain greater control
Absolutism in the 16th and 17th Centuries
• Religious & territorial conflicts between states led to continuous warfare
• Monarchs build huge armies & paid for by levying heavy taxes
• Monarchs create government bureaucracies to control countries’ economic, religious, & social life – frees them from limitations imposed by nobility/parliament
• Rulers increase the size of their courts to appear more powerful
Henry VIII 1491-1547
• Becomes king 1509 at age 17
• Athlete• Musician• Fluent in Latin,
Spanish, French & Italian
• Wanted a male heir!!
Catherine of Aragon
• Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
• 6 births - only one survives: Mary
• Married 18 years• Catholic
2
Henry…The Act of Supremacy
• Devout Catholic – Pope titles him “Defender of the Faith”
• Asks Pope to annul (set aside) marriage• Pope refuses – Catherine’s nephew is the
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Reformation Parliament 1529
• Henry asks Parliament to pass laws ending the Pope’s power in England
• Parliament votes and approves the Act of Supremacy: Henry becomes the official head of the Church of England
• Seizes all Church land and wealth• Grants his own divorce to Catherine of
Aragon
Anne Boleyn 1501 - 1536
• Married for 3 years• 1 daughter: Elizabeth• Accused of adultery• Beheaded
Jane Seymore 1509-1537
• Gives birth to Prince Edward (Edward VI)
• Dies soon after birth
Anne of Cleves 1515-1537
• Chosen by a painting• German• Henry finds her
unattractive• Marriage annulled
after 6 months• “King’s sister”
Catherine Howard 1522-1542
• Married 3 weeks after marriage from Anne of Cleves is annulled
• Much younger than Henry
• Reputation for being promiscuous
• Has affairs prior to and during marriage
• Beheaded
3
Katheryn Parr 1512-1548
• Loves another but cannot refuse the King
• Cares for Henry until his death in 1547
• Marries former suitor (Thomas Seymore)
• Dies 15 months later
Quick Recap
Tudor Reigns
• Edward VI 1547-1553
• Takes the throne at age 9
• Dies at 16 from tuberculosis
Mary I 1553-1558
• “Bloody Mary”• Orders heretics and
Protestants be put to death
• Throws Elizabeth into the Tower of London for Treason
Elizabeth I 1558-1603
• England experiences a “Golden Age”
• Never marries• Rumored to have a
relationship with Robert Dudley (married)
• England defeats the Spanish Armada making Britain’s navy the most powerful in the world
LOUIS XIV1638-1715• Becomes King at age 5 – takes control of
government at age 22• The Sun King –• “I am the State!”
4
ART – Glorifies King The Palace of Versailles
PROOF OF POWER
• 36,000 laborers & 6,000 horses• 5,000 acres of gardens, lawns, &
woods• 1,400 fountains
Hall of Mirrors
5
King’s Bedroom Queen’s Bedroom
Gardens Fountains
Recommended