Aphids, scale, whitefly, mealybug… HOMOPTERA. 0511.html 0511.html

Aphids, scale, Aphids, scale, whitefly, mealybug…whitefly, mealybug…

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r735300511.html

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

Homo: sameHomo: same Ptera: wingsPtera: wings IncompleteIncomplete Piercing-sucking mouthpartsPiercing-sucking mouthparts 2 pair or wingless2 pair or wingless

Wings held "roof-like"Wings held "roof-like"

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

Produce honeydew and sooty moldProduce honeydew and sooty mold Ants feed on honeydew and protect Ants feed on honeydew and protect

insectsinsects

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

ParthenogenicParthenogenic: asexual reproduction: asexual reproduction ViviparousViviparous: live birth: live birth Winged aphids disperse in spring and Winged aphids disperse in spring and

late summerlate summer

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

Over 200 species, often host specificOver 200 species, often host specific Cornicles (tailpipes), function unclearCornicles (tailpipes), function unclear

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

Stem mother produces Stem mother produces colonycolony All femalesAll females

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

HOSTSHOSTS Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river

birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, pyracantha…pyracantha…

New growthNew growth

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

DAMAGEDAMAGE Bleaching and distortingBleaching and distorting Sticky foliage and sooty moldSticky foliage and sooty mold

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

MONITORINGMONITORING Visual, spring to early summerVisual, spring to early summer

Honeydew, sooty moldHoneydew, sooty mold

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Avoid broad-spectrum insecticidesAvoid broad-spectrum insecticides

Disrupts beneficial insectsDisrupts beneficial insects

Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, lacewing, waspslacewing, wasps

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Observe "mummies“Observe "mummies“

Parasitized aphidsParasitized aphids

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Control ants with sticky barriersControl ants with sticky barriers

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapsOil and soaps Prune outPrune out

MEALYBUGS (126)MEALYBUGS (126)

Technically a type of scaleTechnically a type of scale Cottony mass on hostCottony mass on host

MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)

MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)

MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)

DAMAGEDAMAGE Feeds all over plantFeeds all over plant HoneydewHoneydew

MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)

DAMAGEDAMAGE Stunts, distorts, and yellowStunts, distorts, and yellow

MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)

CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapOil and soap Mealybug destroyerMealybug destroyer Wash foliage with bleach solutionWash foliage with bleach solution

Mealybug DestroyerMealybug Destroyer

HOPPERSHOPPERS

LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148) PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151) TREEHOPPERS (151)TREEHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

TREEHOPPERS (151)TREEHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

HOSTHOST Woody plants…Woody plants…

LEAFHOPPERLEAFHOPPER

Controlled by Controlled by naturally occurring naturally occurring fungusfungus

HOPPERSHOPPERS

DAMAGEDAMAGE Sucking damageSucking damage "hopper burn" from toxins during feeding"hopper burn" from toxins during feeding Rarely threatens hosts healthRarely threatens hosts health HoneydewHoneydew

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

Adults emerge from "spit"Adults emerge from "spit"

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

HOSTHOST Turf and ornamental grassesTurf and ornamental grasses

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

HOSTHOST Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants

(Rosemary)(Rosemary)

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

DAMAGEDAMAGE Distort and diebackDistort and dieback

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

MONITORMONITOR Visual spit in JuneVisual spit in June Adults active in JulyAdults active in July

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

CONTROLCONTROL Wash offWash off Prune out infestationsPrune out infestations

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

Adult: small "moth"Adult: small "moth"

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

Nymph: scale-likeNymph: scale-like

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

Crawlers hatch and insert mouthpartCrawlers hatch and insert mouthpart Stay until adultStay until adult Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true

pupa)pupa)

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

HOSTHOST Gardenia, privets, other woody shrubsGardenia, privets, other woody shrubs Greenhouse pestGreenhouse pest Feed underside of foliageFeed underside of foliage

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

DAMAGEDAMAGE Leaf dropLeaf drop Sooty moldSooty mold

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

MONITORMONITOR Yellow sticky cardsYellow sticky cards

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapOil and soap

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

CONTROLCONTROL Encarsia formosa and other beneficialsEncarsia formosa and other beneficials

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

CONTROLCONTROL Encarsia formosaEncarsia formosa

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

CONTROLCONTROL Other predatorsOther predators

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Males: don't feed, live only few hoursMales: don't feed, live only few hours Female: oval and winglessFemale: oval and wingless Eggs laid under shellEggs laid under shell

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

"Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or "Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or via windvia wind

Insert mouthpart and feedInsert mouthpart and feed

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Armored scaleArmored scale: secrete waxy covering: secrete waxy covering Covering can be removedCovering can be removed Never moveNever move Do not produce honeydewDo not produce honeydew

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Armor ScaleArmor Scale

Euonymus scaleEuonymus scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Armor ScaleArmor Scale

Pine scalePine scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Armor ScaleArmor Scale

Camellia scaleCamellia scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Armor ScaleArmor Scale

San Jose scaleSan Jose scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Armor ScaleArmor Scale

Oystershell scaleOystershell scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Soft scaleSoft scale Covering is actual bodyCovering is actual body Can move aroundCan move around Produce honeydew and sooty moldProduce honeydew and sooty mold

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Soft scaleSoft scale

Cottony Cushion ScaleCottony Cushion Scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Soft scaleSoft scale

Wax ScaleWax Scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Soft scaleSoft scale

Oak scaleOak scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

DAMAGEDAMAGE Weaken plantWeaken plant Water stressWater stress Kill branchesKill branches

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

MONITORINGMONITORING Crawlers in the springCrawlers in the spring Double sticky tapeDouble sticky tape

Looks like pollenLooks like pollen Spray at sharp increaseSpray at sharp increase

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

MONITORINGMONITORING Pheromone traps and degree-day Pheromone traps and degree-day

models for San Josemodels for San Jose Observe parasitized scaleObserve parasitized scale

Cycad scaleCycad scale

Cycad scaleCycad scale

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

CONTROLCONTROL Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic

wasps…wasps… Oils in winter, spring, or summerOils in winter, spring, or summer