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Best Practice
in E.ON Decommissioning
Projects
Andreas Ehlert, E.ON New Build
& Technology GmbH
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20122
Agenda
Introduction
E.ON‘s
view on nuclear decommissioning
Licensing in Germany & case study “EON‘s
approach at Stade
NPP”
Best practice example based on EON‘s
decommissioning experience
Würgassen
Nuclear Power Plant
Stade
Nuclear Power Plant
Barsebäck
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20123
E.ON’s
decommissioning experience and technology deployment needs
Many decommissioning technologies are already in use today, however, a number of areas still need further development and support.
Heat exchanger dismantling, Stade
NPP, Germany
20302000
Experience
Market
Decommissioning market is emerging and may reach up to EUR 20-30 bn
cumulated until 2030 in Europe
E.ON gained substantial experience in the direct dismantling of Stade
NPP (640 MWe) and Würgassen
NPP (640 MWe) over the past 15 years; more E.ON plants to follow in the coming years
Technology
Surface decontamination, Stade
NPP, Germany
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20124
Nuclear
Power Plants
in Germany: Status Quo
E.ON minority
interest
NPP
E.ON operated
NPP
KrümmelBrokdorf
Unterweser
EmslandHannover
(E.ON Generation Headquater)
Grohnde
Neckarwestheim 1+2
Grafenrheinfeld
Gundremmingen B +C
Brunsbüttel
NPP shut
down after
Fukushima
Competitor
operated
NPP(no E.ON share)
Philippsburg 1+2
Biblis 1+2
Isar 1 + 2
Installed capacity ≈
7,8 GW
Employees ≈
3.500
Power generation ≈
60 TWh
E.ON:
17 units in operation(7* units operated by E.ON, 10** with minority stakes)
9
units shut down / under decommissioning and dismantling
Source: E.ON (2012)
* 4 units
in Germany + 3 units
in Sweden
** 3 units
in Germany + 7 units
in Sweden
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20125
2030202520202015201020052000
Decommissioning market is emerging and may reach up to EUR 20-30 bn
cumulated until 2030 in Europe
Category
E.ON plants
External plants (Europe excl. Russia)
Market development (€
millions)
201020052000 2030202520202015
Conservative Case2
Expected Case1
BrokdorfGrohnde
Isar
IUnterweser
StadeGrafenrhein-
feld
Isar
II
Barsebaeck
II
Würgassen
‘95Barsebaeck
I ‘99
6.6
Cum. decom. volume(2012-2030 in €
billions)
20-30
1 Incl. other plants in Germany and 2-3 out of 10 plants that go after shut down into immed. dismantling in Belgium, Switzerland, Finland, France, Bulgaria, Czech Rep., Lithuania, Slovakia, UK2 Incl. other plants in Germany and 1 out of 10 plants that go after shut down into immediate dismantling in Belgium, Finland, France and Switzerland
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20126
A nuclear decommissioning project is structured along six phases
6
Service operations
Dismantling
Waste handling
3
4
5
Demo- lition
6
Steering (planning / management)1
End of commercial operations
Removal of fuel elements
Release from nuclear legislation
1
Planned shut down (3 years post operations)
3 years1
10 years 2 years
„Green field“
Post operations
2
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20127
However, we see four major areas for further technological development and improvements
Allow disposal of entire components
Improve disposal capacity for med /low active waste
Adjust release limits
Develop recycling options
Improve standardization
Improve automation in currently personal intensive work
Improve techniques for decontamination
Leverage based on total amount of surface
Improve automation of tools
More flexible remote controlled tools
“Intelligent tools to measure decontamination success”
*) RPV = Reactor pressure vessel
Improve standardization
Reuse equipment
Simplify tools
Improve automation
RPV* and RPV internals Waste treatment and recycling
Decontamination & release measurement of surface Disposal requirements
1
3
2
4
Licensing in Germany & case study “EON‘s approach at Stade
NPP”
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20129
General Overview: Licensing in Germany
9 reactors in operations (PWR and BWR). The licensing of nuclear
installations is regulated in the Atomic Energy Act (Atomgesetz)
New build is not allowed by law
Phase out policy in place (closure of all plants by 2022)
Environment ministries of the 5 Länder where NPPs
are located
Federal ministers of environment (BMU)
Technical support:
For Länder authorities: mainly TÜV (3rd party experts)
For BMU: RSK (Reaktorsicherheitskommission), GRS (Gesellschaft
für
Anlagen-
und Reaktorsicherheit), SSK (Strahlenschutz
Kommission), ESK (Entsorgungskommission)
Decommissioning operator: Four companies (EON, RWE, EnBW, Vattenfall)
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201210
Federal System in Germany
Germany is a federal republic (basic law)
Germany comprises 16 federal states („Länder“)
Responsibilities for legislation and execution are assigned to the organs of the Federation and the Länder
Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201211
Licensing: Legal Basis in Germany
§
7 AtG: Licensing of Installations
§§
7 and 29 StrlSchV (Radiation Protection Ordinance)
§
19 AtG: Government Supervision
(2) „A license may only be granted if …no facts giving rise to doubts as to the reliability of the applicant and person responsible …, the necessary precautions have been taken …of the art in science and technology to prevent damage from operation …“
(1) „The handling of and dealing in radioactive material …
shall be subject to Government supervision. The …
authorities shall …
assure compliance with provisions …
ordinances …
license …“
(3) „The decommissioning of an installation …
the dismantling …
shall require a license“
§
7 (1) Who handles …
radioactive material …
shall need a license …
§
29 (1) A licensee …
is allowed to handle …
radioactive material …as non radioactive material …
if the competent authority has granted the clearance …
and …assesses the accordance with the …
requirements
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201212
Applicable Decommissioning Strategies in Germany
9.5
Decommissioning
Post-operational Phase
Operation
Transportationof
spent
fuel
elements
Achieving Safe Enclosure Immediate Dismantling
Safe EnclosureDuration about 30 years
Dismantling
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201213
Stakeholder involvement in licensing in Germany
Text überschreiben
Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz
(BfS)
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201214
First Findings: Licensing in Germany
Regulatory system in Germany is „unique“
Two layers of administration (federal and Länder)
Un-unified status of technical regulations
Import role of external experts (e.g. TÜV)
High requirements: Focus on legal and technical issues
Notice: Waste Backend still open(1) site KONRAD
(2) site GORLEBEN
Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201215
Decommissioned and dismantled nuclear power stations in Germany –
EON plants highlighted
KWW - Würgassen BWR, 640MWelConstruction:
1968Grid connection: 1971Final shut down:
1995Approved licence for decommissioning Part I: 14. April 1997
KKS - Stade PWR, 630MWelConstruction: 1968 Grid connection: 1972Final shut down: 2003Approved licence for decommissioning Part I: 08. September 2005
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201216
E.ON gained substantial experience in the direct dismantling of Stade
und Würgassen
NPP
Isar I / Unterweser
Unplanned shut down (Moratorium)
Use of proven dismantling techniques and experience in waste treatment
Implementation based on decom. critical process
Early use of standby systems instead of established systems
Final disposal to Konrad
(2019)
Convoy use of tools (KKG, etc.)
Capacity (MW)TypeStatus
878 / 1.345
BWR / PWR
“Nichtleistungsbetrieb”
-
shut down stage (KKI/KKU)
Examples
NPPs
Start of dism.
Immediate dismantling planned*
Würgassen Stade
Unplanned shut down (start of decom. from revision)
Planned shut down on short-term notice (fuel transports and storage)
Execution based on “small step approach”
(dismantling, regulation)
Dismantling approach based on critical path assessment
Build-up of experience, decom. technology and process know-how
Planning started during operations phase, know-
how transfer ensured
640
BWR
Decom. 2014 completed (exp.) w/o civil demolition
640
PWR
Decom. 2014 completed (exp.) w/o civil demolition
Immediate dismantling ongoing
1997 2005 (2018e / 2018e)*
Shut down 1995 2003 2011 / 2011
Dism. duration 15 yrs. (ongoing) 7 yrs. (ongoing) 10 yrs. (planned)
* Decommissioning strategy and start influenced by ongoing constitutional complaint („Verfassungsbeschwerde“)
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201217
Decommissiong
Stade: Project schedule
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201218
Decommissiong
of Stade
NPP is
divided
into
4 phases
Text überschreiben
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201219
Decommissiong
of Stade
NPP is divided into 4 phases
Licensing of decommissioning Stade
separated into four phases
Owner of the Stade
NPP applies for license for all phases
(addressed to NUM –
“Land Niedersachsen”)
Technical Surveillance Organization proves and evaluates the application and presents his assessment (ordered by NUM)
NUM considers application and advisory opinion and prepares a final draft
Federal supervision by the Federal Ministry of Environment
NUM grants license
Time schedule:Phase 1: 23.07.2001 –
7.09.2005
Duration: 4 a
Phase 2: 27.08.2004 –
15.02.2006
Duration: 1,5 aPhase 3 (Teil A): 21.04.2006 –
14.05.2008
Duration: 2 a
Phase 3 (Teil B -
RDB): 03.07.2008 –
14.05.2009
Duration: 1 aPhase 4:
19.12.2008 –
04.02.2011
Duration: 2 a
Final shut
down in 2003
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201220
Decommissioning: Planning is key!
Three steps approach for the planning:(1) Feasibility / First ideas (2) Concept (general description)(3) Detailed concept / specification incl
risk assessment, SWOT, etc
Think from the back-end (how to deal with radioactive waste?) !!!
What is the critical path? Where are the bottle necks?
General project management recommendations: time, quality, resources, budget, risks assessment, stakeholder management
Nuclear decommissioning related:
Radiological characteristics of NPP after final shut down
Further use or replacing of existing systems
Modification of existing organisational processes
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201221
Nuclear decommissioning in Germany
A large number of decommissioning project’s experience is available
Preferred strategy: Immediate Dismantling (start after spent fuel removal)
Main directions of decommissioning executions in Germany are
“Phase approach”
of licensing, logic of critical path considered
Large component removal (like steam generators) if applicable
Modification of existing structures, processes and systems
Use of remote systems when needed (e.g., near the reactor pressure vessel)
Management of radioactive material has to be considered:
-
back end solution and clear definition of requirements / framework-
clearance level of material
-
interim storage capacities
Best practice example based on EON‘s decommissioning experience
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201223
Boiling Water Reactor: Würgassen
NPP
Control
rods
RPV Internals
RPV Top (Cutting via WAIS)
Containment
Reaktor pressure
vessel
(RPV)
Steam
dryer
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201224
Dismantling
of steam
dryer, Würgassen NPP (1)
Concreting
Rope
saw
Control
Manual intervention
Segmentation
Water filtering system
5,7 m
3,6 m
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201225
Dismantling
of steam
dryer, Würgassen NPP (2)
Pick the
part Lift Turn
Position Horizontal cut Pack
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201227
Dismantling
of the
containment, Würgassen NPP (2)
Dismantling of the upper part of the containment using a rope saw and thermal cutting tools
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201230
Pressurized Water Reactor: Stade
NPP
1 Reactor
pressure
vessel
2 Steam
generator
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201232
Steam generator removal (transport)
Dampferzeugerdaten: Masse: 165 t, Höhe: 16 m, Durchmesser: 3,5 m
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201233
Reactor pressure vessel dismantling (preparation)
Ausgangszustand Seilsägearbeiten
Vorbereitung derneuen Abdichtung
Fertigstellung
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201234
Reactor
pressure
vessel
dismantling: Stade
NPP (1)
Technical
data
of RPV in Stade
Außendurchmesser: 4700
mm
Höhe:
7942
mm
max. Wandstärke am Flansch:
478
mm
Wanddicke am zylindrischen Teil:
199
mm
Plattierungsdicke:
7
mm
Behältermasse:
~196
Mg
Radiological
Characteristic:Co-60:
RPV-Core
< 6.15E5 Bq/g
RPV-Top/Flange
< 9,12E3 Bq/g
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201235
Reactor
pressure
vessel
dismantling: Stade
NPP (2)
01.2020
RPV Flange
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201236
Reactor
pressure
vessel
dismantling: Stade
NPP (3)
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201237
Reactor
pressure
vessel
dismantling: Stade
NPP (4)
Text überschreiben
Remote oxy-fuel cutting(direction fromoutside to inwards)
Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 201238
15.07.2007
Dimensions:
Lengths: 66,20 mBreadth: 25,00 mHeight: 13,10 m
Storage
facility
for
radioactive
waste
in Stade
NPP
Outside view (during construction)
Storage cask: 1st Mosaik
transport
Inside view (during construction)
Different kind of storage casks in use
Theme Date39
Nuclear Power Plant Barsebäck
(Sweden)
Barsebäck
I und II
BWR, Twin unit with 2 x 640 MWel
Final shut down stage 1999 and 2005 (pol.)Service operation until 2017
Asset owner: E.ON Kärnkraft
Sverige
Theme Date40
Nuclear Power Plant Barsebäck
(Sweden)
EON Nuclear GmbH supports current activities in Barsebäck
NPP
Transport of spent fuel elements completed (Dec 2006)
Start of decommissioning activities planned in 2020, due to availability of radioactive waste disposal (back end solution first)
Current activities in „service operation“:
Service operation of the plant
Characterisation of materials
Planning of decommissioning (taking into account Sweden‘s decommissioning approach –
„rip & ship“)
Stakeholder management / Communication
Financing of decommissioning activities via external fund
End of presentationFurther
Informationhttp://www.youtube.com/user/Eon#g/a
Or
send me
an email: andreas.ehlert@eon.com
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