Chinese Conflict and Confusion 1911-1937

Chinese Conflict and Confusion 1911-1937

When we left China, how was it doing? Opium War

Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion Open Door Policy

A. FALL OF IMPERIAL CHINA1. China’s last emperor forced out

of power on 1912

2. Sun Yixian and Revolutionary Alliance plan to take over

3. Problem - warlords

WARLORDSa. Regional generals with

private armies

b. De-centralize power

c. Prevented Sun from unifying China

CLEAR IT UP!

WATCH THE HIGHLY EDUCATIONAL VIDEO CLIP FROM NBC STUDIOS TO MORE FULLY UNDERSTAND WHAT A WARLORD IS.

AFTER THE FALL4. 1912 - Sun elected President

of the Republic of China – army refuses to support him

5. Yuan Shikai (powerful general) takes command, reorganizesa. Becomes a military dictatorb. Revolts break out, peasants

suffer

Yuan Shikai

YUAN A REVOLUTION?1. 1917 – China declares war

on Germany (too late)

a. Versailles – Japan gets German Asian colonies

b. Reaction of the Chinese people?

2. MAY FOURTH MOVEMENTa. May 4, 1919 - Major

demonstrations across China

b. People demanded self-rule for China

c. Many turn to Communism (have a model)

d. Sun back in power in early 1920s, but dies 1925

CONFLICTNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTSJiang Jieshi Mao Zedong

CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS

Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong

1. 1930 – Full out civil wara. Mao recruits peasants to join his Red Armyb. Trains in guerilla warfare

2. 1933 – Jiang gathers an army of 700,000 men to attack

a. outnumbered Mao’s forces 6-1

CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS

Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong

3. 1934– Communist forces flee on Long Marcha. 6,000 mile marchb. 100,000 begin the marchc. Only 10-30,000 survived. Survivors settle into caves

CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS

Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong

CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS

Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong

1937 – Japan invades China• Interrupts the civil war – bigger enemy is here

Sun Yixian (Sun Yee-Shuan) Yuan Shikai (She-kai)

Jiang Jieshi (Jee-She) Mao Zedong (Zay-dong)

British India Gains Independence

Impact of Gandhi’s Satyagraha

A. Nationalism In India1. Nationalism led by wealthy, educated Indians

a. Indian National Congress (Hindus)b. Muslim League (Muslims)c. Unified to fight off British under the leadership of

Gandhi

Mohandas Gandhi1. Teachings blended Hindu, Islam & Christianity

2. “Mahatma” – Great Soul

3. Satyagraha: preached civil disobedience; not violencea. 1920: convinced Indian

Nat’l Congress to adopt Satyagraha

b. Boycott: GB goods, schools, cloth

c. Economic disaster for GB

WHAT DOES CHURCHILL THINK???

The violence begins…

WORLD WAR I

• GB backs off promise of self-rule for India’s help in WWI• Creation of the Rowlatt Act

ROWLATT ACT

• 1919: Indians protest against remaining 2nd class citizens• GB passes act that jails all protestors w/o trial; 2 years

AMRISTAR MASSACRE

• April 1919: Peaceful Indian protest against Rowlatt Act turns violent; over 10,000 Indians gathered; GB scared

• GB opens fire on crowd; killing 400+ Indians

Amristar Massacre

Gandhi’s impact…

SATYAGRAHA

• 1920: Gandhi convinces INC to adopt no violence against GB• Boycotts hurt GB economic profit

SALT MARCH

• 1930: Gandhi led 240 mile march to sea to harvest salt• Demonstrations at GB Salt Works cause brutal beatings from GB ;

world was watching int’l support

SELF-RULE

• GB granted self-rule in India• 1935: Government of India Act- local self-gov’t & limited democratic

elections• Muslims and Hindus can’t agree…problems yet to come

Salt March

Salt March