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1PORTFOLIO
ARCHITECTURE
RESEARCH
DESIGN
CHRISTOPHER GEE
CONTACT:1606 9th Ave
SF, CA 94122downwithg@gmail.comhttp://downwithg.com/
415.637.8059
2a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.i.
3INDEX G
How to Flow and Where to Dock
Our centralized parking brain will optimize the best pier for your pod or you can try your own hand at selecting one. Docking is free and you may stay as long as you like, but you may need to fit special spime-root requisites to gain membership for docking in certain zones
3.1.3 Docking at the Piers
Olympic Transit Kiosk
Science Museum
Drum Wall
Recycle Bank
$300 House
Fringe Density
Istanbul 4.0
ZiopharmReception
Pre-FabDouble T
LondonUK 04-11
BelgradeSerbia 12-23
San FranciscoCA 84-85
Sao PauloBrazil 24-47
Port-au-PrinceHaiti 48-57
ShenzhenChina 58-65
IstanbulTurkey 66-83
New YorkNY 96-101
n/a86-95
Project Site Research Urban Architecture Fabrication pg#a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
074 075
FRINGE DENSITYPOST-RURAL TYPOLOGY FOR URBAN DENSITY / +Chris Gee+Anna Laura Govoni+[] / +[] / +Text+Information / Tat Lam+Chris Gee+Anna Laura Govoni+Na Fu[URB] Translation / HUANG Shaoting+HUANG Zhengli[UCRC] Diagrams / URB+CHENG Guoqiang
URBANUS RESEARCH BUREAU2010Chris Gee (USA), 20112012Anna Laura Govoni (Italy), 2012 (2010-2012). Cristina Peraino (Italy), 2012Tat Lam (China), Architect, PhD and URB Director from 2010.Chris Gee (USA), Architect, video maker and URB Research Fellowin summer 2011 and 2012.Anna Laura Govoni (Italy), PhD candidate in Territorial Planning and Public Policy at the Iuav University of Venice, School of Doctorate Studies and URB Research Fellow from 2012. FU Na (China), Master in Community and Regional Planning at University of Texas, Aust in (2012-2014) and URB Research manager (2010-2012). Cristina Peraino (Italy), Architect, video editor and URB Research Fellow in summer 2012.
Interviews in the urban village Caiwuwei in Shenzhen
I am not going back to my hometown. Shenzhen is my hometown. My friend from Hunan is coming out to here now.
at that time [10 years ago], the pay in Shenzhen was much higher than that in my hometown. Nevertheless, I will go back home this year because the pay is almost the same now; and also, I can be closer to my family.
16Shoes Repairman:My family was here before, but because my children go to school in hometown, need to take care of them, my wife moved back. I usually visit them several time per year. I do not think I will move back to my hometown, because I cant find job at home.I do not have enough education background. I repair bike before I came to Shenzhen 16 years ago. And I just know how to repair things
It is expensive to stay in the city now. I hope I can get more pay from my job if I work harder. A bank clerk said. I think I am the first generation migrant worker in Shenzhen. All my family has moved here. My son is going to high school this year. I love Shenzhen, and I am new Shenzhenese.
1020400-500200-300Sometimes I cannot make a penny. I often earn 10 to 20 yuan a day, not even enough for living. Moreover, I not only need to pay the rent ( 400 to 500 yuan), but also need to send money(200 to 300 yuan) to my children and parents in my hometown.
Fruit Sale:Is difficult to make money nowWe just moved here in last year. We used have similar business in Baden-Street before, but because my child is working in the Dongmeng area, Caiwuwei is close to Dongmeng.
7150042000140005500060000Restaurant WorkerI never go to the mall. I am working here [in the urban village], and I do not really need to go out. There is everything.Because the houses here are really expansive, for each of house, it has four apartments per level. (Houses are usually 7 floors.) Each apartment costs 1,500 yuan per month. The landlord can get 42,000 from renting out their house. Moreover, two storefront rent is around 14,000 yuan. So total rental income from each house is about 55,000 to 60,000 yuan per month.
1300as I know, most of the migrant workers are planning to leave, because the government started the development in the west of China. The average salary is 1300 yuan per month in Shenzhen, which is the same as Henan but with higher living expense.
75%about 75% of the students are from migrant worker family [in Baoan District]. I found the reason why they usually drop off from school is due to the fact that their families are moving back to their hometowns.
I was living in the urban village for 2 years after I graduated from my college.the reason why I choose to move out is that I got more pay from work and my girlfriend want to move to real housing community. Moreover, as I know, the rent increased a lot in the urban village as well.
Yes. I work close by. And also, urban village is more convenient and cheap for living, but its noisy, and it is damp during rainy weather.
Urban villages are good, because it can solve a large proportion of housing needs with high density environment. If there is no urban village, then these people will be force to depend on the market housings. The rent is so high. These people cannot afford. They need to move to the periphery of the city, and then it will cause other problems.
most of the people who come to the park are those from the urban village
West Elevation1/8 = 10
East Elevation1/8 = 10
Exterior Perspective
Interior Perspective
5 x 104 OA LOUVERWITH INSULATED BLANK-OFF PANELS
PRE-CAST CONCRETE CORE WALL
CORE WALL WITH POLYCARBONATE PANELCURTAINWALL
LINE OF POLYCARBONATESTRUCTURE BEHIND
4
5Olympic Transit KioskCompetition, London, England 2010
6TRAIN STATION
BRIDGE
WC
NEWS
INFO
BOARD
CAFEBUS STATION
MALL
MALL / OLYMPICS
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Favella Trash Flow: Paraisopolis HectaresFaveladores (residents)Tons Municipal Solid Waste per dayAgents AmbientalsCassambas (dumpsters)Garbage TrucksCatadores (informal recycle collectors)Ferros Velhos (private recycle stations)Ferros Velhos (scheduled for removal)Temporary Informal StorageTemporary Ambientals Storage
64 60k50 20 35 310003211
28
cellphoneproviding cell-phone service: an indispensible line of communication for socio-economic agency
satellite dishproviding wireless communications and entertainment
water towerProvides fresh water and local water pressure to favel-ladores that can af-ford this technology
power linesa formal power grid made informal by local residents patching into the network at exposed nodes
street trashthe accumulation of waste on the streets are due to several factors including too little space in the favella units, so residents opt to put their trash in the street for trash pickers to collect. cassambas (dumpsters) are unconveniently located towards the periphery of the favella and overflow with trash. munic-ipal solid waste management recycles less than 1% annually of all materials.
catadores (informal trash pickers)these informal recyclers collect the 99% of all recycled materials. they typi-cally store & sort material in their homes. the problem is this propogates poor hygiene & health hazards, non-standardized recycle practices creating poor quality material, and low profits due to low quality product, space limitations of home directly correlates to supply/demand
ferros velhos (middlemen)These live/work typologies offer a larger repository for informal collection & immediate payment for materials to catadores. Limited storage capacity means that materials are sold when maximum capacity is reached regardless of flucations in material market value and are succeptible to lower profits, creating disincentive to pay higher values to catadores. mechanical limita-tions on breakdown of material makes for inefficient packing of space
grain silo (recycled intervention)a minimalist storage typology with minimal footprint impact and offers potential for vertical connections to other infrastructure. recycled materials can be broken down into high quality nurdles and stored like compactly like grain. this offers the informal/formal recycle collection network to store higher quality material for longer and more-controlled lengths of time such that the cost of materials may be leveraged against the fluctuting market and sold at appropriate times/seasons. catadores and ferros velhos alike may share percentages of profits by weight. the grain silo typology itself may be from a repurposed/reycled from old-unused grain farm silos or other industrial silos.
29
recycle stationsferros velhos become part of the sorting system re-ceiving material for sorting and breaking down into nurdles. tracks catadores % contribution & earnings
infrastructure + recycle condensorstorage of material at a higher volume
allows leverage for higher market prices participants receive profit-shareprovides rooftop infrastructure
collection networkcatadores no longer have to store recycled material in their homes. they become part of a formal/informal network with collective bargaining leverage over the recycle industry & market
favela communitybenefits from cleaner environmentfostering recycle profit-share ethic
easier access to infrastructure
30
infrastructure + recycle condensorprototypes
rooftop infrastructure nodethis low impact and high volume collection node both helps catadores breakdown and store their
materials as well as offering vertical connections to typical favella rooftop infrastructure, helping to organize and patch the organic growing nature of a favella.
outdoor theater + collection hubthis makes use of the favellas irregular twisting road network where corner spaces are often unuseable or innefficient. beneath this prototype is a recycle treatment facility that has heavier equpment to process more difficult materials. the theater aspect can be used as a community organizing space.
live + workthe superstructure grid housing the silos is an opportunity to graft other programs such as
residential and commerical
vertical farmrotating drum barrels of hydroponic agriculture can make use of the silo typlogy verticality, bringing in fresh produce and agribusiness opportunity to the local community
vertical connectortypical morphology of favellas are in canyons, hllsides, and other drastically
unsafe and difficult topologies. The vertical qualities of the silo structure offer possibilities to create vertical connections in the favella landscape
31
32
The recycle nodes are inserted throughout the favela to give more convenient access for catadores and faveladores to equally participate in recycle entrepreneurship and collectively raise awareness of municipal solid waste stewardship. The recycle nodes are designed to replace the current ferros velhos (local recycle middlemen) typologies with more efficient processing technology and higher volume storage. Private and public partnerships are made with previously existing ferros velhos proprietors to run the new program (as a continuation and expansion of their industry) in conjunction with municipal solid waste management.
Node typologies were developed to respond to the various conditions in a favela, and each type may specialize in what type of materials it can process, but each can provide common rooftop infrastructures like water pressurization and electrical management. The base of each node contains a recycle-processing facility and storage silo while also combining other program complementary to the favela community.
prototype network site strategy+ recycle center
recycle center = recycle bankWhen nodes reach maximum capacity before designated sales are brokered, materials can be moved to the recycle center in its repository until market prices become favorable for that type of material. In this regard, the recycle center acts as a bank for materials, but also distributes the profits to all participants proportionally in accordance to their share in material weight collected.
33
infrastructure acupunctureThese nodes can be surgically inserted into hotspots like acupuncture for the chaotic favela morphology. As is common in favela informal infrastructure hacks, proximity allows residents to semi-formally plug-in to this accommodating system including water pressurization, solar power, and radio reception.
recycle theater-mediathequeThe theme of the multi-recycle-programs explores the various ways that media can be recycled. On the ground floor is a recycled records shop. The top floor is a library of recycled digital and analog media. The middle semi-outdoor space is for airing public screenings of recycled media as well as a community performance space.
live + work clusterThese clusters allow for mixed-use programs that can include commercial, residential, and municipal functions. On the lowest floor is the recycle intake and processing facility with an option for commercial storefronts. The second and third floors may be used as either office or residential spaces. Each unit can cluster with other units providing a wider capacity to process an array of materials within one location.
vertical farmers marketThese can be clustered or freestanding and inhabit the lowest valleys of favelas where the ground is often too marshy and wet to build residential units. Auxiliary programmatic opportunities can include community gardens, storm water remediation, and farmers markets.
vertical connectorThe simple gesture of flowing a staircase around a recycle silo offers a vertical passageway to connect residents amongst the several valleys and peaks that riddle typical favela landscapes.
34
used records store
nurdle slide (to recycle center)
distributed water pressure
radio dishes
nurdle storage silo
35
water towers
solar panels
outdoor theater
recycle processing
recycle media library
recycle theater + mediatheque
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recycle bank + processing center
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6pedestrian connection east
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Green Sky Tubesthese protrusions act as both light-well and as air particulate remediation strategy by incorporating indigenous plants that absorb carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, as well as filter other harmful particulates from processing recycled materials.
Thickened Roofthe roof widens and narrows depending on the performance required by the program that inhabits it. At its thinnest it is just an enclosure, at the thickest it contains air quality control equipment and inhabitable space.
Recycle Bank Silo Repositorythe safety deposit box storing precious processed recycled materials into tiny nurdles (small beads) that are higher in quality and stack, store, and slide more efficiently.
Industrial Air Filtrationsome processes require venting during specific parts of refining into higher quality materials.
Community Meeting Rooms & Classroomspublic/private partnerships in the recycle community requires education, community programming, and empowerment through self-organization & activisim.
Municipal Solid Waste Administrative Officessince the SP MSW agency currently recycles less than 1% of all materials, this can act as a headquarters to promote the movement towards recycling throughout Sao Paulo.
Postal Boxesinformal recycling is treated as a type of unemployment fallback for faveladores on the margins, several of whom do not have permanent addresses. These mailboxes would provide them a mailing address and more importantly, where they can pickup their paycheck.
Mesh Screen WallSao Paulos subtropical climate sees heavy rains and hot humidity. The rain screen allows for massive natural ventilation to keep the air changing for the particulate-emissions involved in processing recycled materials.
Screen WallSao Paulos subtropical climate sees heavy rains and hot humidity. The rain screen allows for massive natural ventilation to keep the air changing for the particulate-emissions involved in processing recycled materials.
Vehicular Circulationgarbage trucks, dump trucks, and cargo hauling trucks are constantly moving product to and from the site. The center of the site hosts bike lockers and enclosed parking for catadore pushcarts.
pedestrian connection west
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HOUSING FOR THE POOR
Basic living standardsEconomic self-agency
Collaboraion incentives
RUMAH CORROGATED HOUSE SYSTEM
> THE $300 HOUSE THAT LASTS FOR 50 YEARS
> A HOUSE THAT GROWS INTO A NEIGHBORHOOD
> A NEW-FINANCING MODEL
DISASTER RELEIF RESPONSE
Quick and easy to assembleMaterial efficiency
Structural strengthPackable & Transportable
URBAN SLUM REVITILIZATION
Community-building typologiesCreating zones of commerce
Flexible public/private spaces
50
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BUILDING A COMMUNITY IN A SCALING ECONOMY
HOUSING FOR THE POORCOST: $350 FOR 9.1 SQ M = $38.46 / SQ MVALUE: SURVIVAL, LIVINGA single unit provides working and living space, rainwater capture and security
TWO UNITS COUPLINGCOST: $625 FOR 18.2 SQ M = $34.34 / SQ MVALUE: FAMILY, GROWTH, EXPANSIONA single manufacturing typology means units can be placed side-by-side, or connected for a single family dwelling
FOUR UNITS CROSS-LINKINGCOST: $1250 FOR 49.5 SQ M = $25.25 / SQ MVALUE: SUPPORT NETWORK, ECONOMIC AGENCY, PUBLIC/PRIVATE Combining additional units creates shaded semi-private living spaces
SIXTEEN UNITS AGGREGATIONCOST: $5000 FOR 257 SQ M = $19.46 / SQ MVALUE: COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION, PUBLIC SAFETYThe combination creates a semi-private flexibile-function courtyard
THIRTY-TWO UNITS PUBLIC SQUARECOST: $10,000 FOR 632.4 SQ M = $16.48 / SQ MVALUE: SHARED RESOURCES, COMMON SERVICESA larger shared space can be used as a playground and other public functions
SIXTY-FOUR UNITS NEIGHBORHOODCOST: $20,000 FOR 1213.8 SQ M = $15.81 / SQ MVALUE: SHARED RESOURCES, COMMON SERVICESA larger shared space can be used as a playground and other public functions
53
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BUILDING A COMMUNITY IN A SCALING ECONOMY
FOR EVERY UNIT, ONE SIDE IS PUBLIC ACCESSTHE OTHER PRIVATE WALKWAY
PUBLIC EXCHANGE VIA WINDOWS
PUBLIC EXCHANGE VIA WINDOWS
SHARED PRIVATE OUTDOOR SPACE
WORK / TRADE SPACE =
RESIDENTIAL =
56
57
58074 075
FRINGE DENSITYPOST-RURAL TYPOLOGY FOR URBAN DENSITY / +Chris Gee+Anna Laura Govoni+[] / +[] / +Text+Information / Tat Lam+Chris Gee+Anna Laura Govoni+Na Fu[URB] Translation / HUANG Shaoting+HUANG Zhengli[UCRC] Diagrams / URB+CHENG Guoqiang
URBANUS RESEARCH BUREAU2010Chris Gee (USA), 20112012Anna Laura Govoni (Italy), 2012 (2010-2012). Cristina Peraino (Italy), 2012Tat Lam (China), Architect, PhD and URB Director from 2010.Chris Gee (USA), Architect, video maker and URB Research Fellowin summer 2011 and 2012.Anna Laura Govoni (Italy), PhD candidate in Territorial Planning and Public Policy at the Iuav University of Venice, School of Doctorate Studies and URB Research Fellow from 2012. FU Na (China), Master in Community and Regional Planning at University of Texas, Aust in (2012-2014) and URB Research manager (2010-2012). Cristina Peraino (Italy), Architect, video editor and URB Research Fellow in summer 2012.
Interviews in the urban village Caiwuwei in Shenzhen
I am not going back to my hometown. Shenzhen is my hometown. My friend from Hunan is coming out to here now.
at that time [10 years ago], the pay in Shenzhen was much higher than that in my hometown. Nevertheless, I will go back home this year because the pay is almost the same now; and also, I can be closer to my family.
16Shoes Repairman:My family was here before, but because my children go to school in hometown, need to take care of them, my wife moved back. I usually visit them several time per year. I do not think I will move back to my hometown, because I cant find job at home.I do not have enough education background. I repair bike before I came to Shenzhen 16 years ago. And I just know how to repair things
It is expensive to stay in the city now. I hope I can get more pay from my job if I work harder. A bank clerk said. I think I am the first generation migrant worker in Shenzhen. All my family has moved here. My son is going to high school this year. I love Shenzhen, and I am new Shenzhenese.
1020400-500200-300Sometimes I cannot make a penny. I often earn 10 to 20 yuan a day, not even enough for living. Moreover, I not only need to pay the rent ( 400 to 500 yuan), but also need to send money(200 to 300 yuan) to my children and parents in my hometown.
Fruit Sale:Is difficult to make money nowWe just moved here in last year. We used have similar business in Baden-Street before, but because my child is working in the Dongmeng area, Caiwuwei is close to Dongmeng.
7150042000140005500060000Restaurant WorkerI never go to the mall. I am working here [in the urban village], and I do not really need to go out. There is everything.Because the houses here are really expansive, for each of house, it has four apartments per level. (Houses are usually 7 floors.) Each apartment costs 1,500 yuan per month. The landlord can get 42,000 from renting out their house. Moreover, two storefront rent is around 14,000 yuan. So total rental income from each house is about 55,000 to 60,000 yuan per month.
1300as I know, most of the migrant workers are planning to leave, because the government started the development in the west of China. The average salary is 1300 yuan per month in Shenzhen, which is the same as Henan but with higher living expense.
75%about 75% of the students are from migrant worker family [in Baoan District]. I found the reason why they usually drop off from school is due to the fact that their families are moving back to their hometowns.
I was living in the urban village for 2 years after I graduated from my college.the reason why I choose to move out is that I got more pay from work and my girlfriend want to move to real housing community. Moreover, as I know, the rent increased a lot in the urban village as well.
Yes. I work close by. And also, urban village is more convenient and cheap for living, but its noisy, and it is damp during rainy weather.
Urban villages are good, because it can solve a large proportion of housing needs with high density environment. If there is no urban village, then these people will be force to depend on the market housings. The rent is so high. These people cannot afford. They need to move to the periphery of the city, and then it will cause other problems.
most of the people who come to the park are those from the urban village
59074 075
FRINGE DENSITYPOST-RURAL TYPOLOGY FOR URBAN DENSITY / +Chris Gee+Anna Laura Govoni+[] / +[] / +Text+Information / Tat Lam+Chris Gee+Anna Laura Govoni+Na Fu[URB] Translation / HUANG Shaoting+HUANG Zhengli[UCRC] Diagrams / URB+CHENG Guoqiang
URBANUS RESEARCH BUREAU2010Chris Gee (USA), 20112012Anna Laura Govoni (Italy), 2012 (2010-2012). Cristina Peraino (Italy), 2012Tat Lam (China), Architect, PhD and URB Director from 2010.Chris Gee (USA), Architect, video maker and URB Research Fellowin summer 2011 and 2012.Anna Laura Govoni (Italy), PhD candidate in Territorial Planning and Public Policy at the Iuav University of Venice, School of Doctorate Studies and URB Research Fellow from 2012. FU Na (China), Master in Community and Regional Planning at University of Texas, Aust in (2012-2014) and URB Research manager (2010-2012). Cristina Peraino (Italy), Architect, video editor and URB Research Fellow in summer 2012.
Interviews in the urban village Caiwuwei in Shenzhen
I am not going back to my hometown. Shenzhen is my hometown. My friend from Hunan is coming out to here now.
at that time [10 years ago], the pay in Shenzhen was much higher than that in my hometown. Nevertheless, I will go back home this year because the pay is almost the same now; and also, I can be closer to my family.
16Shoes Repairman:My family was here before, but because my children go to school in hometown, need to take care of them, my wife moved back. I usually visit them several time per year. I do not think I will move back to my hometown, because I cant find job at home.I do not have enough education background. I repair bike before I came to Shenzhen 16 years ago. And I just know how to repair things
It is expensive to stay in the city now. I hope I can get more pay from my job if I work harder. A bank clerk said. I think I am the first generation migrant worker in Shenzhen. All my family has moved here. My son is going to high school this year. I love Shenzhen, and I am new Shenzhenese.
1020400-500200-300Sometimes I cannot make a penny. I often earn 10 to 20 yuan a day, not even enough for living. Moreover, I not only need to pay the rent ( 400 to 500 yuan), but also need to send money(200 to 300 yuan) to my children and parents in my hometown.
Fruit Sale:Is difficult to make money nowWe just moved here in last year. We used have similar business in Baden-Street before, but because my child is working in the Dongmeng area, Caiwuwei is close to Dongmeng.
7150042000140005500060000Restaurant WorkerI never go to the mall. I am working here [in the urban village], and I do not really need to go out. There is everything.Because the houses here are really expansive, for each of house, it has four apartments per level. (Houses are usually 7 floors.) Each apartment costs 1,500 yuan per month. The landlord can get 42,000 from renting out their house. Moreover, two storefront rent is around 14,000 yuan. So total rental income from each house is about 55,000 to 60,000 yuan per month.
1300as I know, most of the migrant workers are planning to leave, because the government started the development in the west of China. The average salary is 1300 yuan per month in Shenzhen, which is the same as Henan but with higher living expense.
75%about 75% of the students are from migrant worker family [in Baoan District]. I found the reason why they usually drop off from school is due to the fact that their families are moving back to their hometowns.
I was living in the urban village for 2 years after I graduated from my college.the reason why I choose to move out is that I got more pay from work and my girlfriend want to move to real housing community. Moreover, as I know, the rent increased a lot in the urban village as well.
Yes. I work close by. And also, urban village is more convenient and cheap for living, but its noisy, and it is damp during rainy weather.
Urban villages are good, because it can solve a large proportion of housing needs with high density environment. If there is no urban village, then these people will be force to depend on the market housings. The rent is so high. These people cannot afford. They need to move to the periphery of the city, and then it will cause other problems.
most of the people who come to the park are those from the urban village
60076 077
Introduction: Relinking Urban Village and Urban Tulou
community-
panopticonism
Informal Density: Post-Rural Typology of Urbanism
320
0.4
10,000
30-40150010Program: ResidentialArea: 30-40 m2
Rent: RMB 1500Type: primary residence & rental (x10)Function: permanent home for some indigenous villagers, affordable housing for migrants, students, & working poor
80-905000/Program: RestaurantArea: 80-90 m2
Rent: RMB 5000Type: ServiceFunction: secondary retail/service space
30-407000/Program: Restaurant, Retail, Salon, etc...Area: 30-40 m2
Rent: RMB 7000Type: Primary StorefrontFunction: primary retail/service space on the central commercial corridor
10-152000x2Program: Water, Laundry, Repair, etc...Area: 10-15 m2
Rent: RMB 2000Type: Tertiary Stores (x2)Function: service & utility support for immediate residences
20003-3.5/Case Study: Post-Rural TypologyType:NewUrban Village AreaDate Built: 2000Potential Rental Income: RMB 30-35kFunction: mixed-use commerical/residential (formal & informal)
Unit 11
Unit 33
Unit 55
Unit 77
Unit 99
Unit 1010
Unit 88
Unit 66
Unit 44
Unit 22
2nd FL
1st FL
1stFL Alley
Residential model analysis of Urban Village Caiwuwei in Shenzhen, 2011 (Photo/ FU NaDiagram/ Na Fu, Chris Gee)
4
Hopeless Failures: Formal Density for
Post-Urban-Village Development
60210,000
140,000
120,000
550,0003.5
9.16
Hopeful Failures: Invisible Flexibility in Urban Tulou
1. The Urban Tulou Project by Urbanus
2. Residents group cleaning of the communal spaces in Urban Tulou
3. / Cristina PerainoThe inner facade of the traditional Tulou buildings in Fujian Province. Qingxing Lou, Tianzhong village, Nanjing County. (Group Photos/ Cristina Peraino)
61076 077
Introduction: Relinking Urban Village and Urban Tulou
community-
panopticonism
Informal Density: Post-Rural Typology of Urbanism
320
0.4
10,000
30-40150010Program: ResidentialArea: 30-40 m2
Rent: RMB 1500Type: primary residence & rental (x10)Function: permanent home for some indigenous villagers, affordable housing for migrants, students, & working poor
80-905000/Program: RestaurantArea: 80-90 m2
Rent: RMB 5000Type: ServiceFunction: secondary retail/service space
30-407000/Program: Restaurant, Retail, Salon, etc...Area: 30-40 m2
Rent: RMB 7000Type: Primary StorefrontFunction: primary retail/service space on the central commercial corridor
10-152000x2Program: Water, Laundry, Repair, etc...Area: 10-15 m2
Rent: RMB 2000Type: Tertiary Stores (x2)Function: service & utility support for immediate residences
20003-3.5/Case Study: Post-Rural TypologyType:NewUrban Village AreaDate Built: 2000Potential Rental Income: RMB 30-35kFunction: mixed-use commerical/residential (formal & informal)
Unit 11
Unit 33
Unit 55
Unit 77
Unit 99
Unit 1010
Unit 88
Unit 66
Unit 44
Unit 22
2nd FL
1st FL
1stFL Alley
Residential model analysis of Urban Village Caiwuwei in Shenzhen, 2011 (Photo/ FU NaDiagram/ Na Fu, Chris Gee)
4
Hopeless Failures: Formal Density for
Post-Urban-Village Development
60210,000
140,000
120,000
550,0003.5
9.16
Hopeful Failures: Invisible Flexibility in Urban Tulou
1. The Urban Tulou Project by Urbanus
2. Residents group cleaning of the communal spaces in Urban Tulou
3. / Cristina PerainoThe inner facade of the traditional Tulou buildings in Fujian Province. Qingxing Lou, Tianzhong village, Nanjing County. (Group Photos/ Cristina Peraino)
62078 079
11
(URB)URB
/[][]
KK
http://www.ceosz.cn/SzNews/SzYw/SzNews_20120518112130_130736.html; [2012616]
http://www.guandian.cn/article/20120319/119303.html F.A.R.
3.59
Ouroussoff, N. (2008).1012Calzavara, M. (2009). D la Repubblica delle Donne,516
http://www.oobject.com/category/15-housing-projects-from-hell; http://agraphiablog.blogspot.com/2009/07/angstitecture-6-hakka-vs-panopticon.html; http://tecumseh-valley.blogspot.com/2009/07/human-desire-for-order.html.
/
11
District Governments are in competition with one another & seek out private developers to upgrade their own sectors
Provincial
GovernmentOfficial
national agenda trickles down to
local officials
City Mayor
Municipal
Official
District
Government
Land
Director
after the design gets approved, the project is handed to the regeneration department to handle redevelopment & land issues
District Government sets up the public consultancy as a way of showing an attempt to make public outreach regarding their design & redevelopment process. This is to make an announcement to the Village-Owners, however public input is often limited.
Regenerationdepartment
director
Urban Design
Director
Architecturedepartment
director
Public
Consultancy
Design Hearings
Developer
PrivateDesignFirm(Urbanus)
DesignInstitute
(private)
TVE negotiates on behalf of all indigenous villagers (owners) land value transaction deals with developer nontransparently
Local Police Make Arrests
& Forced Evictionsresponsible for economic analysis of urban planning codes & requirements
public hearing provided after final design & redevelopment plans are approved. there is nodesign input from owners, however this is where they can voice concerns about fair pricing
Ubanus
Research Bureau
Real EstateConsultancy
Township &
VillageEnterprise
Public Hearing
Protest
Peaceful Public Demonstrations TurnedViolent
(Case Study: Xian Village, Guangzhou)
Disagrees:Holds Out
UrbanVillageOwner
Agrees:
Sells Out
HK News
Developers seek out private design institutesthat act as political brokers towards all thegovernment agencies
TVE is a Non-elected body passed down generationally through families that make governing decisions for the village owners
UrbanVillageTenants
Ethnographic
Interviews
tenants of the urban village will ultimately get evicted and displaced without any compensation or assistance. they represent the largest population affected by this process yet have the least amount power
1x
10x
100x
1000x
1,000,000x
Planning
Bureau Director
Typical Redevelopment Process of Post Urban Village. Players & Relationships. Case Study: Shenzhen
/Chris GeeShenzhen, Caiwuwei Urban Village: street (Photos/Chris Gee)
1002010/Shenzhen, Kingkey 100 opened in 2010 replacing part of the Caiwuwei Urban Village, 2012 (Photo/FU Na)
Two Parallel Research Projects
URB
63078 079
11
(URB)URB
/[][]
KK
http://www.ceosz.cn/SzNews/SzYw/SzNews_20120518112130_130736.html; [2012616]
http://www.guandian.cn/article/20120319/119303.html F.A.R.
3.59
Ouroussoff, N. (2008).1012Calzavara, M. (2009). D la Repubblica delle Donne,516
http://www.oobject.com/category/15-housing-projects-from-hell; http://agraphiablog.blogspot.com/2009/07/angstitecture-6-hakka-vs-panopticon.html; http://tecumseh-valley.blogspot.com/2009/07/human-desire-for-order.html.
/
11
District Governments are in competition with one another & seek out private developers to upgrade their own sectors
Provincial
GovernmentOfficial
national agenda trickles down to
local officials
City Mayor
Municipal
Official
District
Government
Land
Director
after the design gets approved, the project is handed to the regeneration department to handle redevelopment & land issues
District Government sets up the public consultancy as a way of showing an attempt to make public outreach regarding their design & redevelopment process. This is to make an announcement to the Village-Owners, however public input is often limited.
Regenerationdepartment
director
Urban Design
Director
Architecturedepartment
director
Public
Consultancy
Design Hearings
Developer
PrivateDesignFirm(Urbanus)
DesignInstitute
(private)
TVE negotiates on behalf of all indigenous villagers (owners) land value transaction deals with developer nontransparently
Local Police Make Arrests
& Forced Evictionsresponsible for economic analysis of urban planning codes & requirements
public hearing provided after final design & redevelopment plans are approved. there is nodesign input from owners, however this is where they can voice concerns about fair pricing
Ubanus
Research Bureau
Real EstateConsultancy
Township &
VillageEnterprise
Public Hearing
Protest
Peaceful Public Demonstrations TurnedViolent
(Case Study: Xian Village, Guangzhou)
Disagrees:Holds Out
UrbanVillageOwner
Agrees:
Sells Out
HK News
Developers seek out private design institutesthat act as political brokers towards all thegovernment agencies
TVE is a Non-elected body passed down generationally through families that make governing decisions for the village owners
UrbanVillageTenants
Ethnographic
Interviews
tenants of the urban village will ultimately get evicted and displaced without any compensation or assistance. they represent the largest population affected by this process yet have the least amount power
1x
10x
100x
1000x
1,000,000x
Planning
Bureau Director
Typical Redevelopment Process of Post Urban Village. Players & Relationships. Case Study: Shenzhen
/Chris GeeShenzhen, Caiwuwei Urban Village: street (Photos/Chris Gee)
1002010/Shenzhen, Kingkey 100 opened in 2010 replacing part of the Caiwuwei Urban Village, 2012 (Photo/FU Na)
Two Parallel Research Projects
URB
64
Fringe DensityPost-Rural Typology for Urban Densitypublished in Urban China Magazine, Issue 56(english version)
Introduction: Relinking urban village and Urban TulouRecently, Urbanus Research Bureau (URB) is researching two parallel topics at the same time. One is the continuation of our previous research interest in the urban village phenomenon, and the other one is a post-occupancy evaluation of the Urban Tulou project. Both projects have distinct rural heritages that address hyper-density issues developing at the fringes of the city (whether an inner or outer fringe): the urban village evolved from bottom-up informal strategies of survival, while the Urban Tulou project was formally directed from formal top-down strategies to invoke informal methods of adaptive living. The urban village, originally farming villages, grew diminutively yet hyper-densely into the enveloping cityscape organically, over several decades, and changed through many layers of occupancy and land-use policy transitions, while the Urban Tulou was imported anachronistically and uprooted from place (literally as utopia means without place) and plunked down into a carefully planned alien land. The term uprooted certainly pertains to both typologies, where for the urban village, the farmlands were conscribed for new city fabric, land-use rights were forced to conform to urban standards, indigenous landowners must navigate treacherous land grab negotiations, and tenants are forced out in mass evictions during inevitable redevelopment stages, whereas for the Urban Tulou, although the typology was pulled from out of its original rural context, its aims are to re-root populations that are in transition into the context of urban hyper-density.
Where the city was brought to the countryside, importing urbanization around farm villages (now Urban Village), creating fringe conditions like swiss cheese, migrant workers are funnelled from further rural areas creating an overflowing condition of hyper-density within the Urban Villages; the vernacular tulou typology was imported from the countryside and situated within the city fabric to experiment with informal ideas to address hyper-density in marginalized populations and the systems they require to thrive outside of formal structures. The Urban Tulou prototype suggests a future of growth and proliferation of formally created informal-density models whereas the temporality of the urban village will eventually be wiped-out and replaced by common post-urban-village density models (shopping malls, high-rise towers, etc).. Attempts have been made to learn from informal aspects of the urban village but because of the stigma it bears resembling symptoms of slums, developers would rather enact tabula-rasa schemes unto those areas wiping out all connections (visible & invisible) to their historic role in the rapid urbanization of China. Perhaps the success of the Urban Tulous in its adoption
of informal strategies may be in part that it can easily be associated as a nostalgic iconic image, one begetting idealizations of Maoist re-education movement towards the rustic life as the heartbeat of the PRC, recreating an identity of a community-panopticonism and a seemingly self-contained system like the socialist work-unit. If we strip away the forms and histories from both the Tulou and the Urban Village, and further reduced them solely to their informal strategies of living and survival alone, would these design strategies find their way to inventing new typologies for (re)developments being created at the fringes of the city? Are these informal means important to cities especially at their fringes? What have we learned from the failings of both Post-Urban Village and Urban Tulou attempts?
Informal Density: Post-rural typology of urbanismInstead of plugging-in rural landscape into the city, the Urban Village is a phenomenon really about the displacement of the city fringe to sprawl and enclavize the rural landscape. Therefore, the Urban Village is recognized as a fringe condition even though sometimes it is located in the city centre. In Shenzhen there are 320 Urban Villages ensconced within the city fabric, and although the typology of urban village is originally from rural farming village, the untrained eye might not be able to recognize them because they have assimilated into the city form, but still carries with it very different land-use rights and vestiges from histories of different zoning. Being the stepping-stone to adapt to the more institutional city life, informal density of social activities makes sense to the farmer migrants to firstly aggregate in the city. We would like to define the spatial quality of urban village with the idea of informal density, which is different from FAR, population and other quantitative concepts. Instead, informal density describes the intensity of social networking and everyday life activities. This idea closely associated with the traditional society in China: society operates based on inter-personal relationships, instead of an institutional system. Therefore, when we discuss about the issue of density, we should not just focus on the dense physical built environment, but also the intensive social communication activities that happen in the urban village.
The continuous study of Dafen village by Urbanus is a key example to illustrate how the intensive social networking facilitates the business and the everyday life of the migrants. In the early 1990s, a Hong Kong art dealer set up the first painting related business in this village, in order to take advantage of the relatively cheaper rent and quiet village environment. Eventually, the success of this Hong Kong art dealer attracted many villagers from Shenzhen and other cities to learn painting. Currently, the painters cluster gathers a population of 10,000 people living and working in the village no bigger than 0.4 square kilometres. Almost of all of them are migrants. The counterfeiting painting industry in Dafen
Village is self-organized by migrant painters from all over China. The knowledge-transfer of counterfeit painting is based on the social network of referrals: many of the young painters are socially connected to the older painters from where they came. This social or family-networking referral system is very similar to how migrant workers refer their relatives from the rural area to work in the same factory with them.
Moreover, in our Caiwuwei Urban Village research, we also found that informal density compensates limitations of formal density, such as the insufficient planning for the low-income communities in China. I was living in the urban village for 2 years after I graduated from my college, said a young gentleman, who claimed himself as an interior designer for 4 years who was facing several challenges. Living in the Urban Village allowed him to save more from his salary, so now he is ready to move out and move on. This case illustrates how the condensed living environment of urban village becomes incubator space for young professional to stay in the city.
Hopeless Failures: Formal Density for Post-urban-village DevelopmentUnfortunately, the conventional substitution of the informal density is formal density. Using density to handle density seems like the most effective and efficient way for the redevelopment of urban villages. Firstly, property owners are able to obtain high compensation rate and share the benefit of the real estate development; secondly, private developers are able to promote business growth by developing more dense urban areas; and thirdly, local government is finally able to obtain the control of urban village lands.
Baishizhou Village is currently the largest urban village in Shenzhen and waiting for redevelopment. The size of the redevelopment area is 600,000 square meters, with 2.1 million square meters of built-area. There are around 140,000 people living in this village, and of those 120,000 are migrants. Lujing Real Estate Holdings is the developer of this area, and the total built area for the redevelopment is going to be 5.5 million square meters in the current scheme. The transformation from an FAR of 3.5 urban village area, which is already considered as dense, to a hyper-dense new city with FAR of 9.16.
However, how can we define this new hyper-density morphologically? Taken Dachong Village development as another example, in the urban village site, conventional housing towers, shopping malls and office towers are proposed to replace the urban village. Without looking at the history of the site, the area will be another generic Chinese urban area, but with higher density comparing to its surrounding area. Ironically, the new developments are like enlarged urban villages, with more density, bigger scale but without the original function
65
of urban village to compensate the institutional planning of our cities.
Hopeful Failures: Invisible flexibility in Urban TulouUrbanus Urban Tulou project was an attempt to create an alternative to the typical urban village redevelopment model while striving for the informal density invented by urban village. Interestingly, the strategy is to import another (post) rural typology to the city: the use of Hakka Tulou as the prototype for the substitution of the Urban Village community. However, it seems that this typological association of Urban Tulou with the vernacular Chinese housing catches too much exotic attentions from international architectural critics overlooking the cultural and social design intent, implicitly going beyond mimicry of an indigenous-housing typology existing only in China, or to be compared to the classic Panopticon typology. The project testifies whether another rural typology is able to introduce the informal density we discovered in our research in urban villages; for the Urban Tulou, designers formally created open yet informal spaces for social purposes.
Some may challenge insufficiencies in the actual usage of the Urban Tulou public space when comparing the two post-rural typologies mentioned in this essay: Hakka Tulou and Urban Village. Arguably, the failings of the informal spaces created within the Urban Tulou architecture unnecessarily overshadow the informal function of the architecture as a node of flexible systems. The power of the urban villages was not just to allow for informal systems to occur within its physical domain, but to act as a node of flexible systems outside of formal geo-political and socio-economic controls, that has largely enabled and lubricated the explosive growth of Chinas cities. We argue that the Urban Village can be seen as a fine fabric in a megablock-urbanism, enabling economic resilience in a changing market, lending flexibility to small-scale formal and informal entrepreneurship that allows for continual vitality within fringe communities. This is a strategy we pitched for Urban Village redevelopment, yet the idea was not the original intention when the Urban Tulou was designed. From a strategic political standpoint, if the Urban Tulou typology is accepted and can represent the flexibility necessary to move in and out of societal or governmental norms, then it can act as a node for an invisible fine fabric that provides continual vitality for communities that survive on the fringe of society or government.
The abovementioned concept seems complex but in our post-occupancy research, we have already found much evidence to justify and see potential implications from the failures, thus we call them hopeful failures. We need to understand two transformations of the nature of the Urban Tulou community from urban village community. Firstly, the formalization of migrant community by Urban Tulou is about the transformation from an undocumented migrant
community towards a well-documented migrant community. So, it is reasonable to consider that the informality of the migrant community has been institutionalized somehow. However, the development of Urban Tulou by a private developer (Vanke) echoes also as a community at the fringe. In other words, the private sector contains great potential to take on innovative social-responsibility for cooperative identity-branding and intervening into a new market. Compared to the inclusionary zoning strategy from the US, could this become the future development of an alternative Chinese social housing model?
Secondly, the territorial and spatial concept of the Urban Tulou community is getting blurrier compared to that of the urban village. The urban morphological depiction suggested by the urban village is no longer the singular most effective mechanism for density informalisms. In the Urban Tulou, it is found that the intensive social networking activities are still happening but have taken a different form from the physical context of the urban village where everything transpired at street level. The use of the digital devices easily breaks down the wall of Urban Tulou and creates such flexibility to pass by the spatial barriers, and redefines or bypasses the intent of socially programmed architectural space. The QQ community in Urban Tulou share information among the residents. Emergent internet business links Urban Tulou as purely a localized community for living to a nation-wide trading community. The virtualization of social activity works in the small-scale low-income community created by Urban Tulou, and further disconnects and differentiates the concepts of the informal density from that of formal density in megablock urbanism. Therefore, shall we develop a future Tulou based on the current post-rural prototype to enhance the changing society?
Two Parallel Research ProjectsThis essay is only the start of our two up-coming publications from URB. The publications aims are not to solve the problems of hyper-density development, but to document the social reality of hyper-dense environments in China in the study of urban villages and the aftermaths of their demise; and to propose future alternatives based on our evaluations on the Urban Tulou project. Both publications are headed by researchers who have worked with us in the last two years on these topics, as well as with URBs independent research. The initial intent to research these two topics at the same time was due to the fact that many private or public entities approached Urbanus for research-based solution of urban village developments. The publication will not be limited at the reflective evaluation of our actuality in Shenzhen, but also explore experimental/conceptual and actual built-projects by Urbanus in the last two years on urban village redevelopments and affordable urban program interventions.
1. Urbanus Research Bureau (URB) is a research unit under Ur-banus. The objective of this research unit is to create a platform
of knowledge and research resource sharing. URB works on ac-tual urban studies and urban research project commissioned by private and public entities. It also develops its own independent research topics and works with and provides local supports to young researchers around the world.2. The use of the term informal needs to be specifically defined. The relationship between informal and formal networks is just a matter of politicization; informal being the statement of flexible necessity outside the scope of the legal system. Another idea mentioned internally in URB is spontaneous networks. It would not be a third or other category than formality and informality but would be a subset since it could occur both formally and informally. The idea of the illegal being formal because they contain their own rules and roles (i.e. organized crime is work-ing directly inverse to governing laws but fulfills societal needs/functions and obeys all its own internal rules [black market]), whereas an illegal food vendor must obey all the laws of eco-nomics to trade goods, etc [grey market]. Dafen Village is then considered as a grey market instead of a black market, but it should not be considered as a normal market. Both black and grey markets are assumed as informal, yet of course can be questioned where lines blur, but theoretical discourse of this type is outside the scope of our current discussion. 3. Caiwuwei is a 2 year urban village research case study con-ducted in URB. This urban village locates in the center of Luohu District. KK Mall and Kingkey 100, a new landmark complex, is recently replaced half of the Caiwuwei urban village site. The same developer is proposing to develop the rest of the village. More stories about how Urbanus intervened in this process can be found in the future urban village publication.4. Information stated at http://www.ceosz.cn/SzNews/SzYw/SzNews_20120518112130_130736.html; [website accessed on 16th June, 2012].5. See, http://www.guandian.cn/article/20120319/119303.html.6. F.A.R. stands for floor area ratio. It is the ratio between con-struction floor area to the site area. It represents the concept of architectural density, but not necessarily relates to the popula-tion density. An F.A.R. of 3.5 is usually the architectural density of an urban village. An F.A.R. of 9 is equivalent to the architectural density at a business center.7. There are at least two main reasons for this misunder-standing between tulou and panopticon from the academic side. Firstly because, even if uncertain, and still on debate, the origins of the vernacular tulou typology is explained in terms of equalization in the evolution. It is understood that the rectan-gular and the circular shapes for a more equal distribution of the families to adapt to collective labor. For more information, see Katayama, K. (2011). Spatial order and typology of Hakka dwellings paper presented at the International Workshop on Rammed Earth Materials and Sustainable Structures & Hakka Tulou Forum 2011: Structures of Sustainability at International Symposium on Innovation & Sustainability of Structures in Civil Engineering. Xiamen University, 2011. The second reasons of this wrong linkage is because the comparison is between a prison typology and a housing typology: in the sense that the panopticon idea based on Berthams design its strictly related to prisons kind of functions (or to mental hospitals to research more), while the tulou is typically a housing typology. The only parallel that one could make it is strictly formal.8. Ouroussoff, N. (2008). In Modern China, Little Kingdoms for the People in The new York Times, October, 12; Calzavara, M. (2009). Cerchio della vita in D la Repubblica delle Donne, May 16. 9. See http://www.oobject.com/category/15-housing-projects-from-hell; http://agraphiablog.blogspot.com/2009/07/angstitec-ture-6-hakka-vs-panopticon.html; and http://tecumseh-valley.blogspot.com/2009/07/human-desire-for-order.html.10. I think here is the place in which we could insert the concept of a sort of ideal UT and real UT: ideal UT is what the designer, Vanke and the critics would like to have from it as a strategy-model, a panopticon, a prototype, and so on. Real UT is what actually it is: a vehicle of urbanization, the home of people. A piece full of contradictions and contrasts as any other urban thing where residents are living. In fact it is located in an in-pro-cess-of-urbanization area (plan 2008-20) with growing trans-portation networks and urban villages closed to luxury housing. I think Id like to remark this dualism ideal/real that is, in fact, in the end, the sense of an occupational study in general and could help erasing common places, also purpose of the coming book.11. In Urban Tulou, there are so many limitations on what the term informal becomes in those public spaces, because peo-ple only use those space for games, hanging laundry, smoking. There is no open cross-traffic, informal economies, or informal construction like as in the urban villages (open system), or even in the vernacular tulou (closed system). 12. The flexible system described by the designers of Urban Tulou focuses on how to plug in this typology into the city, mainly for those left-behind space of urban development. However, the system of Tulou is never literally described in words, instead it is shown in collages of clusters of Urban Tulous in the city.
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INDEX
1. Before you come to Istanbul
2. Why Istanbul?
3. Where to stay
4. While you are in Istanbul
5. If you want to be part of Istan-bul
6. FAQ
7. Souvenir
8 postcards from Istanbul
ISTANBUL4.0
Guidebook to
v.20
50
Gu
ide
bo
ok
to IS
TAN
BU
L 4.0
v. 2050
4.0
67
Before you come to Istanbul:
If you already participate in Economy 2.1
1.
facts you should know
2010 2020 2030 2040197019601950 1980 1990 2000
Population
2050
7.4 billion
dont worry, theres about 630 million people in the world just like you. Welcome to the land of plenty
1.1
1.2
If you are new to the Economy 2.1
1.1.1What is economy 2.1?
If you are new to the system
Economics 2.1 is a reputation-based economy where the history of an object, idea, or person is made completely public, and as such, the entitys value can be rated by all consumers, assigning it relative value by using their spime-rating technologies. All objects and people are, or contain spimes, which are self-aware technologies that can query information on itself, including past, present, and even future speculation of the object or person. The docu-ment of these spime projections are their spime-roots, an essential component to the me-chanics of Economics 2.1.
Since all value systems are relative and depend on types of consumers rating things, value sys-tems are codified and optimized through Valupe-dia Commons, an open-source value visualization tool, to guarantee fair estimates of the rela-tive value of an entity to a specific type of user.
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price
1.1.3 Reputation Economy made possible by Agalmic Engineering.
Your Entitlements:
agalmics
economics
If you are new to the system
food
water
shelter
health-care
education
energy
data
communication
Pure transparency
93% of the world is now uses Agalmic Systems that provide all necessities to be a healthy member of our society. Having fully integrated the achievements from Agalmic Engineering that brought most of humanity into the Transhumanist Era, all necessities for human survival in Istanbul are fabricated by ubiquitous technologies of abundance, maintaining stability for the once-explosive population.
Necessities are defined as legal and moral Entitlements which are: food, water, shelter, education, health, energy, data, communication, and Pure Transparency. All residents and guests of Istanbul are entitled to these agalmic entitlements.
1.1.2 What does the Reputation Economy mean for you? Education
Popularity
Net Value Self
Valuation Economy
Means of syncronization
Hyper Democracy
If you are new to Economy 2.1
V
production
Economy Activity
consumption
Syncronize
Where net-worth once measured production and consump-tion relationships against gold, then credit, and later by debt, Economics 2.1 measures net-worth by reputation, which can be calculated by collective valuation of innate brain ability, history of actions (physical, academic, & socio-political), speculation of potential brain output, and aesthetics (your good looks and taste). These are the new metrics by which society monetizes the value of things, ideas, and the reputations of people.
= your reputation
69
1.2.1 Istanbul uses GS3.
If you already participate in Economy 2.1
Istanbul currently observes Global Standards v.3.0 (GS3) for Membership Valuation. All official transactions and evaluations will be processed through GS3 public protocols.
V
GS3 difined User Group
GS3 difined Tag Category
citizen No. 349102
1.2.2 Encrypted spacemight have different profile requirements.
If you already participate in Economy 2.1
prototype lab No. 21
beta test lab No. 7
beta test lab No. 35
prototype lab No. 83
prototype lab No. 17
beta test lab No. 45
beta test lab No. 253
70
Theres more to this little City State than just the lush high-agalmic society and pure transparent living. It is a place where immigrants have flourished since even before the fall of the American Capitalist Empire all the way back to the reign of the Ot-toman Empire. Istanbuls spime is encoded all over with rich immigrant history in its architecture and ex-tending into the roots of both Europe and Asia. Find out why this is the right place for you!
Why Immigrate toIstanbul?
2. Istanbuls spime is encoded all over with rich immigrant history.
The Gecekondu of Istanbul embodies one of the earliest docu-mented agalmic land-acquisition structures known to humanity. For centuries, Turks came flooding Istanbul, but had nowhere to live, so they would claim their then god-given right to take open public land by night at the outskirts of the city, and by sunrise, they would be land-bearing citizens of Istanbul. The agglomeration of Gecekondu masses at the city fringe actually changed the city center, not the other way around. This early exemplar of agalmic philosophy runs deep through the citys veins, creating much of how the Istanbul 4.0 is now focused around its agalmic centers and infrastructure.
2.1Istanbul : City of Immigrants
Gecekondu:Land by Night
Why Immigrate to Istanbul?
Unique Land Ownership in Istanbul made possible for Gecekondu to grow.
Gecekondu defined city, 2010 2025 2050
54 M
33 M
12 M
20252000MegaCityOld World Capitalism Transhuman Age
2050
Hisseli Tapu
gecekondu pictures from 2010
71
2.2Unique Geo Position
Why Istanbul?
Istanbul located between two con-tinents, three belief systems, and hundreds of cultures converging to our hubs, Istanbul is the perfect place to straddle so many differ-ent worlds and value systems at the same time. It is truly an international economic throughput where some of the most unlikely entities connect and share values.
Maglev High Speed Rail 800 km/h
High Speed Rail 500 km/h
Spime map, 2050
Why Immigrate to Istanbul?
Mines
Urbanized Area
Geologically Risky Area
Protected Area
Hybrid Nature
Lake, River
Ruin : Non Development Zone
Post-Megacity population : 33 million
72
Agalmic Input and Output at your Fingertips
Factories
Material Refinery/Recyclery
Input/Output Station
New, used, recycled, refurbished, it is all the same. The stream hosts a refinery that processes both raw and recycled materials that directly pumps it to its factories, where all your agalmic necessities are produced on demand.
To survive is to consume. To Consume is to Produce.To Produce is to Thrive In Economics 2.1, the reciprocal
cycle of producing/consuming/feedback/recycling are seen as one and the same phenomenon of human ecology:
The Agalmic Reciprocycle
You can find it all at the edge of The Stream in our Agalmic-Archive Assembler-Vending Machines. These
are totally automated and can print nearly anything you may need
to get-by.
3.1.2 Agalmic In/Out
How to Flow and Where to Dock
3.0 The Stream and The Piers
The Stream is our agalmic lifeblood that sup-plies information-rich nutrients to our citi-zens, homes, workplaces, and spimes.
When you arrive in Istanbul, you will enter it through the agalmic stream where goods, people, and information, flow between hubs, and permeate throughout the city. When you come to rest, you may dock your pod at any of our open piers (see section 2.4.1 on joining neighborhoods) lo-cated along the stream ports.
Docking SystemPiers are located along the Stream for agalmic
parking, and at the hubs where your business must be clearly defined.
73
How to Flow and Where to Dock
Our centralized parking brain will optimize the best pier for your pod or you can try your own hand at selecting one. Docking is free and you may stay as long as you like, but you may need to fit special spime-root requisites to gain membership for docking in certain zones
3.1.3 Docking at the Piers
DIY: The New Custom Housing Off The Stream
Come experience an Istanbul moment, or stay for a lifetime. The pod is not only trans-portation, but can also be where you live. You have the freedom of moving your home about freely in the agalmic parking lottery that optimizes your schedule with your life desires and needs. (If you seek a more per-manent residence within a community, please read section 5.0 for communities, member-ships, and neighborhoods.) Dont own a pod? Well send for one for you! (See FAQ on One-Way Pod Transferships)
Customization of Pods
Just because agalmic pods are guaranteed for everyone doesnt mean that they all have to look and feel exactly
the same. With agalmic pod extrusion technolo-gies, you can extrude
your own customized pod within agalmic dimen-
sions. Feel free to get jiggy with it.
3.1.3 Docking at the Piers
74
Enough Bandwidth For All
75
Enough Bandwidth For All
76
To think is to act: education is government. Research, thought production, innovation, and activism, are all cultivated in Istanbuls con-tinuous spectrum between lifelong education and government participation. Academic pursuit and correlate legislation are developed simultane-ously and rigorously tested by qualified communi-ties (please see section 5.1 on closed communi-ties). Everyone is a life-long student; everyone is an empowered political agent (see section 6.1 for Hyper-Democracy.)
While You Are in Istanbul
4.
While you are in Istanbul
4.1.1Production Process
Brain Production
Thing Production
Value Production
OracleSpime
OracleSpime
Library
Brain-to-NetworkFitness Centers
Yoga+
MeditationCenters
DataLiteracyCenters
RecycleFlow
FreeMarket
AgalmicArchive
ProxyCommunities
LegislationBills
LegislationLabs
EncryptedLabs
Beta TestProxy Keys
AttentionAttenuators
Note: Encryption Check Point
Endless Rollercoaster!!!
Real TimeValue Maps
Valudrome
CelebrityActuators
Social CapitalInvestment
Banks
SunshineLabs
UniversitrophicFilter
Mega Factories
OnsiteCommunityTest Facility
PrototypeLabs
GS3PatentOffice
AgalmicOutput
Devices
InnovationGalleries
77
While you are in Istanbul
The Hub is possibly one of the most exciting places to be in Istanbul 4.0. This is where the collusion of all spheres come to interact, investigate, instigate, synthesize, and produce innovation on all fronts. You can come here to upgrade your brain, prototype a spime, or to receive hyper-critical feedback on whatever youre working on in this super-transparent com-plex. This is where you will find
hyper-mobility through social, political, and economic spectra.
upgrade your brain!
prototype a spime!
receive hyper-critical feedback!
4.1Hub:Where all things meet
super-
transp
arent!
!
4.1.2Endless Loop
While you are in Istanbul
ENCRYPTION CHECKPOINT
ORACLESPIME
#O01
#O02
#O03
#O04
#O05
#O06
#O07
#O08
The Universitrophic Filter is the highest form of Education and Government Innovation known to mankind. To gain entry to this advanced institution of learning and influence, your spime root must resonate within statistically narrow deviations from the root mean square of the global membership to whichever discipline you are seeking admission. Admission is a one-time event, but membership is dynamic as paradigmatic values may shift from time to time. The Universitrophic Filter is one of the few places that may reserve limited encryption protocols to harbor temporary value-suspended zones of pure experimentation that protects Academic Principals while maintaining innova-tion integrity. Embedded in the code are Reverse-Engineered Transparency codecs that provide public access to all information from and of such experiments after the session is terminated.
78
Dont Worry about getting lost in Hub.
SPIME CAR is EVERYWhere!!
#O01
#O01
#O02
#O02
#O03
#O03#O04
#O04
#O05
#O05
#O06
#O06#O07
#O07#O08
#O01
#O01
#O02
#O02
#O02#O03
#O03 #O04
#O04
#O05
#O05 #O06
#O06#O07
#O07#O08
Brain Production
Thing Production
Value Production
To soc
ialize
is
to pro
duce!!
4.1.4Spime Car
Spime car is the first algamic product due to free electricity. Since Spime caris owned by everybody, we developed this autumated highway system where it workslike instant delivery system. If you want to go somewhere, just find the nearseatSpime Car round about and hop in! And you dont need to worry about getting it back.just hop off, then automated highway will take the spime car into round about.Now Spime car is more than just zip car concept from 2000s. Its the personalhealth unit and spime root checking system daily basis. The tremendous amountof crowdsourced data make our society into Super Algamic World!!!
Just hope in
& hop off
Plus check y
our health a
nd spime
status
every day !!
79
This is where the real fun begins; where you can watch values soar and plummet, become a star or a clown! These mega-spheres of hyper-influence have often been compared to a mash-up of football stadiums, hyper-theaters, open-source playgrounds (some rated for children), the NYSE trading floor, and baroque rose gardens. People come from all around the world to physically participate in these mass attention-centric activities in the hopes of propagating their spimes
and ideas. Here, to socialize is to produce. To simply speak is to influence the value of all things: spimes, yourself, the world. Here is the most unique place the place where value is produced.
4.1.3Valudrome:
To soc
ialize
is
to pro
duce!!
80
Plus check y
our health a
nd spime
status
every day !!
super-
transp
arent!
!
Everybodys
Producer!
Come and Customizeour Opensourced Surface!!!
Maker! Polit
ician!4.1.5Istanbulsmosthot Spime Root Points-of-Interest
81
Plus check y
our health a
nd spime
status
every day !!
super-
transp
arent!
!
Everybodys
Producer!
Come and Customizeour Opensourced Surface!!!
Maker! Polit
ician!4.1.5Istanbulsmosthot Spime Root Points-of-Interest
82
83
1
2 345
Hyper-CapitalistsAmerican Post-Nationals are eligible to apply for temporary encryption status by pro-viding 3 or more instances of future shock on their spime root. There is a grace period of up to 6 months for limited encryption provided by the City-State of Istanbul to allow for the American time for peaceful as-similation. All proceedings will still be recorded to monitor any il-legal capitalist transgressions, but will remain encrypted and unpub-lished from the information commons unless said transgressions occur.
Unwarranted EncryptionIstanbul does not officially enforce measures against wrongful encryption, how-ever, let it be known that should an unwarranted encryption protocol be detected, Istanbul will provide any means of assistance to citizens seeking to develop a codec that dis-encrypts such behaviors, and will publish all findings to the net that can subsequently be subject to GS3 public protocols. Warning: unwar-ranted encryption behaviors are not taken lightly in Istanbuls Econom-ics 2.1 community (see witch.hunts.com).
Negri & Hardt The democratic forces that in this framework ought to constitute the active and open element of the imperial machine appear rather as corporative forces, as a set of superstitions and funda-mentalisms, betraying a spirit that is conservative when not downright reactionary. [] This limited sphere of imperial democracy is config-ured as a People (an organized par-ticularity that defends established privileges and properties) rather than as a multitude (the universal-ity of free and productive practices).1
Emergent Value SystemsIn philoso-phy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. Emergence is central to the theories of integrative levels and of complex systems.2 Value Systems may be grown from mul-tiplicity so long as the author has the means to map the emergent system by means of Valupedia.
One-Way Pod TransfershipsPlease contact the office of Istanbul Brain Affiliations to see your scorecard and what type of Pod you may be eli-gible for. Please note that in some cases, the Pod is only good for one-way transferships past which the pod may only travel within City-State networks.
5.
FAQ
84
85
86
polycarbonate curtainwallsystem
foundations
core wall
pre-cast structure
Sheet Index
1
4
5
67
8
12
13
14
16
15
17
3 2
9
10
System: Ready-to-AssembleContext: Site, Program & 1st Floor
Plans: Typical & 7th FloorStructure: Sections & Details
Structure: Foundation & DetailsMechanical: HVAC RCP,Section & Fire Protection Plan
Elevations: North & SouthElevations: East & West, Perspectives
Curtainwall: Section, Elevation & DetailsCurtainwall: Section, Elevation & Details
Curtainwall: DetailsCurtainwall: Axonometric & Assembly
123456789101112
1
4
5
67
8
12
13
14
16
15
17
3 2
9
10
polycarbonate curtainwallsystem
foundations
core wall
pre-cast structure
Sheet Index
1
4
5
67
8
12
13
14
16
15
17
3 2
9
10
System: Ready-to-AssembleContext: Site, Program & 1st Floor
Plans: Typical & 7th FloorStructure: Sections & Details
Structure: Foundation & DetailsMechanical: HVAC RCP,Section & Fire Protection Plan
Elevations: North & SouthElevations: East & West, Perspectives
Curtainwall: Section, Elevation & DetailsCurtainwall: Section, Elevation & Details
Curtainwall: DetailsCurtainwall: Axonometric & Assembly
123456789101112
Prefab Double TBuilding Systems, Columbia University, 2010
87
1
4
5
67
8
12
13
14
16
15
17
3 2
9
10
88
12 13
EL. + 46'
SECOND FLOOR
GROUND LEVEL
ROOF LEVEL
FOURTH FLOOR
EL. + 0'
EL. + 18'
EL. + 60'
SIXTH FLOOR
SEVENTH FLOOR
FIFTH FLOOR
EL. + 74'
EL. + 88'
EL. + 116'
TOP OF PARAPETEL. + 119'-8
EL. + 32'THIRD FLOOR
A
18'-
0
14'-0
"14
'-0"
14'-0
"14
'-0"
28'-0
"14
'-0"
3'-8
"
210
29
39
19
310
811
911
611
A A B AA
A B B BC
A B B BC
B B B AB
B C C BB
B C C BB
B C C BB
B C C BB
B C C BB
4 MAIN SPRINKLER PIPE
1.) FACE MOUNT ANCHOR + STEEL TUBES
2.) GLAZING + UNITIZED MULLIONS + OUTRIGGERS
3.) STICK FRAME + C-CHANNEL + LOUVERS
4.) STEEL GRATES + POLYCARBONATE
5.) UNIT
900 CFM DUCT
1300 CFM MAIN DUCT
2 DELUGE SPRINKLER HEAD5 ON CENTER ALONG PERIMETER
4 MAIN SPRINKLER PIPE
2 DELUGE SPRINKLER HEAD5 O. C. ALONG PERIMETER
TRIPLE LAYERED TRANSPARENT POLYCARBONATE HOLLOW CELLULARSLAB
MULLION
MULTI-ADJUSTMENTSTEEL FACE MOUNTANCHOR
MULTI-ADJUSTMENTSTEEL FACE MOUNTANCHOR
VERTICAL MULLION
MULTI-ADJUSTMENTSTEEL FACE MOUNTANCHOR
VERTICALC-CHANNEL
VERTICALC-CHANNEL
ALUMINUM L-SHAPEOUTRIGGER
ALUMINUM L-SHAPEOUTRIGGER
FLASHING
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
LOUVERS
DOUBLE GLAZING
Connection Detail 3 = 1-0
Curtainwall Assembly Diagram1/4 = 1-0
Perspective of Typical Bay
89
6 1/
2"6
1/2"
1'-6"
3'-6"
1'-6"
3'-8
"
3'-10"
6 3/
4"
6 3/
4"
5"
2'-6
"
3'-6
"
1'-0
"
2-6
2-6
6 3/
4"
RIGID INSULATION
ALUMINUM L-SHAPEDOUTRIGGER
VERTICAL MULLION
DOUBLE GLAZING
GYPSUM BOARD
2 RIGID INSULATION
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
MULLION
ALUMINUM L-SHAPED OUTRIGGER
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
VERTICAL MULLIONDOUBLE GLAZING
GYPSUM BOARD2 RIGID INSULATION
RUNTAL RADIATOR
MULLION
ALUMINUM L-SHAPED OUTRIGGERVERTICAL C-CHANNEL
DOUBLE GLAZING
BASE FLASHING
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
SINGLE PANEGLAZING
2. Condition C to A Section Detail3 = 1-0
1. Condition A Roof Section 3 = 1-0
3. Condition A to C Section Detail3 = 1-0
SINGLE PANEGLAZING
ALUMINUM SHS SUNCTION ANCHOR
GALVANIZED STEEL SHS POST
GALVANIZED STEEL SHS BELOW
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
ALUMINUM L-SHAPEDOUTRIGGERVERTICAL MULLION
EDGE OF SLAB
LINE OF MULLION BELOW
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
MULLION
DOUBLE GLAZING
MULLION
DOUBLE GLAZING RUNTAL RADIATOR
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
MULLION
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
DOUBLE GLAZING RUNTAL RADIATOR
3. Condition A to B Section Detail3 = 1-0
2. Condition B to A Section Detail3 = 1-0
1. Condition B to A Plan Detail3 = 1-0
TRANSPARENT PERSPEXSHEET BENT TO SHAPE
TRIPLE LAYERED TRANSPARENT POLYCARBONATE HOLLOW CELLULARPANEL
6 1/
2"6
1/2"
1'-6"
3'-6"
1'-6"
3'-8
"
3'-10"
6 3/
4"
6 3/
4"
5"
2'-6
"
3'-6
"
1'-0
"
2-6
2-6
6 3/
4"
RIGID INSULATION
ALUMINUM L-SHAPEDOUTRIGGER
VERTICAL MULLION
DOUBLE GLAZING
GYPSUM BOARD
2 RIGID INSULATION
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
MULLION
ALUMINUM L-SHAPED OUTRIGGER
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
VERTICAL MULLIONDOUBLE GLAZING
GYPSUM BOARD2 RIGID INSULATION
RUNTAL RADIATOR
MULLION
ALUMINUM L-SHAPED OUTRIGGERVERTICAL C-CHANNEL
DOUBLE GLAZING
BASE FLASHING
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
SINGLE PANEGLAZING
2. Condition C to A Section Detail3 = 1-0
1. Condition A Roof Section 3 = 1-0
3. Condition A to C Section Detail3 = 1-0
SINGLE PANEGLAZING
ALUMINUM SHS SUNCTION ANCHOR
GALVANIZED STEEL SHS POST
GALVANIZED STEEL SHS BELOW
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
ALUMINUM L-SHAPEDOUTRIGGERVERTICAL MULLION
EDGE OF SLAB
LINE OF MULLION BELOW
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
MULLION
DOUBLE GLAZING
MULLION
DOUBLE GLAZING RUNTAL RADIATOR
GALVANIZED STEEL GRATING
MULLION
VERTICAL C-CHANNEL
DOUBLE GLAZING RUNTAL RADIATOR
3. Condition A to B Section Detail3 = 1-0
2. Condition B to A Section Detail3 = 1-0
1. Condition B to A Plan Detail3 = 1-0
TRANSPARENT PERSPEXSHEET BENT TO SHAPE
TRIPLE LAYERED TRANSPARENT POLYCARBONATE HOLLOW CELLULARPANEL
90
#9 STRANDS
INTAKE LOUVRES
INTAKE LOUVRES
PRE-CAST CONCRETE COLUMN BEYOND
11x11 FOOTING
DOUBLE T
VAV SYSTEM DIFFUSER
MECH.
MECH.
MECH.
MECH.
MECH.
MECH.
MECH.
PASSAGES FOR INJECTING GROUT INTO SLEEVES
SLEEVES CAST INTOEND OF UPPER COLUMN
STEEL SHIMS
GROUT
20, TYP. FOR 1st AND 2nd FLOOR COLUMNS
20
PRE-CAST CONCRETE COLUMN
2 TOPPING SLAB, POURED-IN-PLACE
DOUBLE T REINFORCEMENT (SEE SHEET 5, DETAIL 5)
DOUBLE T BEYOND
DOUBLE T
ANGLED GIRDERFOR EASE OF ASSEMBLY
18x28 GIRDER,PRE-CAST CONCRETE
PRE-CAST CONCRETE COLUMN
4. Longitudnal Section1/8 = 10
3. Transverse Section1/8 = 10
1. Column-to-Column Connectionperspective
2. Double T, Girder, Column Connectionperspective
3 1141 8 9 10 1312 15145 62 7
SECOND FLOOR
EL. + 46'
EL. + 60'
FOURTH FLOOR
ROOF LEVEL
EL. + 0'
EL. + 18'
THIRD FLOOR
SIXTH FLOOR
EL. + 116'
EL. + 88'
EL. + 32'
FIFTH FLOOR
SEVENTH FLOOR
GROUND LEVEL
EL. + 74'
EL. + 46'
EL. + 88'
EL. + 32'THIRD FLOOR
FOURTH FLOOR
FIFTH FLOOR
BROOF LEVELEL. + 116'
SIXTH FLOOR
SECOND FLOOR
EL. + 60'
EL. + 18'
GROUND LEVEL
A
SEVENTH FLOOR
EL. + 74'
19'6"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"20'0"19'6"
45
75
25
35
15
14
65
210
1. Typical Floor Plan1/8 = 10
2. Sixth Floor Plan1/8 = 10
4 109
B
2 7
A
3 6 111 5 8 14
1412 15131 5
A
12 1513
8
B
2 6 1193 104 7
PILKINGTON GLASSPROGRAM CUBES
PRE-CAST CONCRETE 18 COLUMN
PRE-CASTCONCRETE GIRDER
2 POURED IN PLACECONCRETE TOPPING
LINE OF PRE-CAST DOUBLE TS ABOVE
LOUVRE FORFRESH AIRINTAKE
CORE WALL WITH POLYCARBONATE PANELCURTAINWALL
VIRACON CURTAINWALLWITH MONOLITHIC GLASS WEATHER BARRIER
VIRACON CURTAINWALLWITH RODECA POLYCARBONATE WEATHER BARRIER
STUDYLAB
STUDYLAB
STUDYLAB
LIBRARYLIBRARY
ELEVATOR
JC
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
ELEVATOR
JC
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
ELEVATOR
JC
ELECTRICAL
ELECTRICAL
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
ELEVATOR
JC
MECHANICAL
10. Foundation Plan1/8 = 10
9. Section Double T (10LDT32) & Girder (18LB28)1 = 10
8. Plan Typical Column1 = 10
6. Section Girder & Column1 = 10
5. Plan Column at Foundation1 = 10
7. Section Double T (10LDT32)1 = 10
4. Section Column & Foundation 1 = 10
3. Section Girder & Bearing Wall1 = 10
2. Section Interior Bearing Wall & Foundation1 = 10
1. Section Exterior Bearing Wall & Foundation1 = 10
8
18
28
18
5-0
10-0
32
2
4 3/4
18
20
20
1 1/2
1-4
3-8
1-4
3-8
12
12
2-0
12
12
2-0
4-0
4-0
3-6
3-6
12
9
20
8
3-6
3018
11-0
12
4-0
6
2
CL CL
CL
COLUMN BEYOND4x4 - W40xW40 WELDED WIRE MESH
4x4 - W40xW40 WELDED WIRE MESHSTEEL ANGLE, WELDED TO STEEL PLATES CAST INTO COLUMN & GIRDER
4x4 - W40xW40 WELDED WIRE MESH
SPLICE SLEEVE, GROUTED
POLYURETHANE FOAM2 #6 STRANDS FOR CANTILEVER REINF.1 #6 STRAND FOR CANTILEVER REINF.
PASSAGE FOR INJETING GROUT
STEEL ANGLE, WELDED TO STEEL PLATES CAST INTO COLUMN & GIRDER
DRY PACK
VERTICAL TIES
BEARING PAD
LINE OF GRADE
3/4 DIA. ANCHOREVERY 6 O.C.
CONTINUOUS STEEL PLATE CAST INTO CONCRETE6x6x3/8 STEEL ANGLE WELDED 6 EVERY 12O.C.
3/4 DIA. ANCHOREVERY 6 O.C.
CONTINUOUS STEEL PLATE CAST INTO CONCRETE6x6x3/8 STEEL ANGLE WELDED 6 EVERY 12O.C.
LINE OF GRADE
CORBEL REIFORCEMENT TIES
INTERIORINTERIOR
INTERIOREXTERIOR
ANGLED FOR EASE OF ASSEMBLY
ANGLED FOR EASE OF ASSEMBLY
CORBEL REINFORCEMENT TIES
4x4 - W40xW40 WELDED WIRE MESH
TOPPING SLAB
TOPPING SLAB
2 #6 STRANDS FOR CANTILEVER REINFORCEMENT
1 #6 STRANDS FOR CANTILEVER REINFORCEMENT
28x18 GIRDER1/2 DIA. STRANDS
CORBEL BEYOND
LINE OF GRADE
GROUT FILLS 3 DEEP VOID
7/8 STRANDSEDGE OF BUILDING
GROUT FILLS 3 DEEP VOIDSTEEL ANGLE7/8 STRANDS ALONG ANGLE
BASE PLATE
POURED-IN-PLACECONCRETE SLABEXTERIOREXTERIOR
POURED-IN-PLACECONCRETE FOOTING
1 1/4 ANCHOR BOLT
BEARING PAD
#9 STRANDS
1/2 DIA. STRANDS
NOTE: TYP. COLUMN FOR FLOORS 2-6
2
GIRDER BEHIND
DOUBLE T BEHIND
94 13121110
B
7
A
20'-0" 20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"20'-0"
5'-0
"5'
-0"
15861 5 1420'-0"
60'-0
"
2
5'-0
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