Concept of Society

Definition of society.

Occupation

Interaction

Sense of membership

Society is a group of

interacting individuals

sharing the same territory

and participating in

common culture.

Basic features of a society. society is universal having no boundary or limits.

family is the force of biological interdependence

of society.

Society is the mutual interaction of individuals. It

is invisible.

Active cooperation is the back bone of the society.

Liberty is regulated through the mutual agreement of individuals.

Likeness of members is the essential pre-requisite for society.

Origin of society.There are three theories explaining

the origin of society.

Social contract theory.

Organic theory.

Group mind theory.

Social contract theory.Society is based on some original contracts

between the individuals.

Society was formed to protect man against

it’s unbridled nature.

Society was evolved to maintain a state of

peace and justice in nature.

Organic theory.Society is a biological system.

Society is an animal body.

Industrial and agricultural systems are the

nutritional systems of the society.

Individual persons are the cells of the society.

Communication and transport are the heart,

veins and arteries of the society.

Criticism

Society has an abstract phenomenon whereas

human body has a definite form.

Individuals can work in an organic manner

where as a body cell can not.

conclusion

Obedience, loyalty, kinship, authority, order

and expediency of faith are impatient

elements of society on which the prosperity of

society relies.

Social structure.The nature of society is based on the social

structure.

It is an organized relationship between the

basic components of the society.

It makes society workable in an orderly manner.

The most important constituents of the society

are the groups, statuses, roles and institutions.

groupsGroup is an aggregate of individuals playing

interrelated roles.

The characters of a social group are

understanding, cooperation, unity, relations.

Groups can be primary and secondary.

Primary group consists of a small number of

people.

Interaction is for a relatively long period.

Interaction is informal.

e.g.. Families, group of friends.

secondary group consists of people who

interact in a temporary manner.

These groups know each other in a particular

formal roles.

Secondary groups are formed to serve a

specific purpose.

statusesThe well defined position of an individual in

the society is known as the status.

It determines whether a person fits in the

society, and his relations.

Status is achieved at the time of birth.

It can be changed.

roles

Set of approved and expected behavior

patterns consisting of both duties and

privileges.

Performance of a conspicuous part of a task is

a role.

institutionsEvery society needs a vast complex institutions

such as education, family, religion, property etc.

Institutions meets fundamental requirements

and provides a satisfying life to the individuals.

Family is the strongest institution.

Types of societies.

Different societies has used different

subsistent strategies while exploiting the food

resources.

Societies applying more productive approach

has always superseded the primitive society.

Based on the food gathering societies can be

classified into five groups.

Hunting gathering and tribal societies.

Pastoral societies

Horticultural societies

Agricultural societies

Industrial societies

Hunting and gathering societies consists of very

small groups.

They live in primary groups.

They require large territories to support

themselves.

their requirements are less and easily satisfied.

They work less as compared to other societies.

They keep on moving from area to area as

soon as they have exhausted the resources.

Their social structure is simple.

The family is only defined institution in these

societies. warfare is absolutely uncommon

among these people.

Pastoral societies are outcome of gathering and

hunting societies.

They are indulged in raring herds of animals

domestically.

These people find food directly from these

animals.

This society is more productive than the hunters.

They are nomadic and carry their herds to new

grazing grounds.

They carry easily transportable items along with

them.

They believe in gods who take active interest in

human affairs.

A few religions such as Christianity, Judaism

and Islam originated among the pastoral

societies.

Horticultural societies originated at the same time

as the pastorals, but they lead more settled life as

compared to the them.

They move periodically but to a short distance.

They are specialized in domestication of plants.

Their strategy is based on slash and burn

technology.

It is quite effective and supply surplus amount

of food.

It is affected by emergence of roles and

status.

Warfare is quite common in these kind of

societies.

Agricultural societies believe in obtaining the food

from the land on a large scale.

The use of plough greatly increases the

productivity of the land, as it brings the surface

nutrients sunk out of the reach of the roots.

The use of animal power increases the

productivity several times.

The potential size of this society is more then

horticultural and pastoral society.

The wealth is unevenly distributed with a small

majority of people enjoy the surplus produce by

working society.

Power is concentrated in the hands of a single

individual.

Money is used as a medium of exchange.

Trade is more elaborate.

The industrial mode of production began in

England 250 years ago.

Proved quite successful and spread all over

the world effectively.

Application of scientific knowledge to the

technology of production is the basis industrial

societies.

This system allows small proportion of

population to feed the majority.

This society enables new energy sources to

be harnessed and permitting machines to do

the work.

Features of industrial societies.Emergence of modern families.

Powerful economic institutions.

Domination of management and division of

labor in factories.

Social mobility and change of status prevails.

More economic avenues for women.

PRESENTED BY :-

ANISH VERMA

NITIN KAPIL

UTKARSH GAUTAM

ASHISH AGRAWAL

ARPIT JAIN

B. ARCH. (B.C.T.) V SEMESTER