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The
DEFINITE
ARTICLEDANIEL MORALES
IVONNE HERNNDEZ
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CONTENT
DEFINITION (definite article) FORM (Englis and S!anis) "ENDER AND N#M$ER
#SES Si%ilarities Differences
S&E'IAL 'ASES N%inaliatin (In Englis and S!anis) 'ntractins (Onl* in S!anis) Te +se f te article EL ,it fe%inine
n+ns (Onl* in S!anis)
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THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
Te definite article !ints +t a certain s!ecifiedting r !ersn r a certain s!ecified gr+! ftings r !e!le- It is a deter%iner (The inEnglis) tat intrd+ces a n+n !rase andi%!lies tat te ting %entined as alread* .een%entined/ r is c%%n 0n,ledge/ r is a.+t
t .e defined (as in the book on the table1 the artof government1 the famous poet and short storywriter)- It is c%%nl* +sed t tal0 a.+ts%eting tat is s!ecific-
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2IM&ORTANT NOTE3
In English language, definite article THE has no variation ofgender and number. Whether we use singular or plural forms inmasculine or feminine, the definite article is the same in all forms.
E4a%!les5 Tedog walks every day in the park.
Elperro camina cada da en el parue.
Te girl plays the piano very uickly.
Lani!a toca el piano muy r"pido.
Tedoor was damaged.
Lapuerta estaba da!ada
Terotten oranges were replaced by fresh strawberries.
Las naran#as podridas fueron reempla$adas por fresas frescas.
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PHONETIC
TRANSCRIPTION
SINGULAR PLURAL
%&E '()' %he book %hebooks
%&E '(i' %heorange
%heoranges
FORM
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E6AM&LES
Tebooks on the table are reallyinteresting
Lslibros ue hay en la mesa sonrealmente interesantes. Teoranges that are in the kitchen
are rotten
Lasnaran#as ue est"n en la cocinaest"n podridas.
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2IM&ORTANT NOTE3 *n the other hand, the Definite Article in
+panish has five different forms in terms ofgender and number and it also has a neuterone.
%here are some eceptions to the rule such asto find the -efinite rticle THE in masculineform accompanied to a noun in feminine. It will
be eplained later.
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FORMMAS'#LINE FEMININE NE#TER
SIN"#LAR EL LA LO
&L#RALLOS LAS
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EXAMPLES
Elcartero etravi/ lacorrespondencia-Teletterman lost thecorrespondenceLaestatua de la libertad fue robadaTe +tatue of 0iberty was stolen
Lsescritores brit"nicos son muy creativosTebrittish writers are very creativeLasman$anas se vendieron m"s baratas ue ayerTeapples were sold cheaper than yesterday
Lbueno es ue encontr1 mi billeteraTegood thing is that I found my wallet
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THE FUNCTIONS OF A DEFINITE
ARTICLE
Te definite article 7THE8 can identif*a n+n and s, tat it as .een
singled +t in s%e ,a*- "enerall*/te s!ea0er r ,riter 0n,s telistener r reader is a,are f te n+n.eca+se it ,as !re9i+sl* %entined
r e r se can see it/ as eard f it/as e4!erienced it/ as read a.+t it/etc-
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THE SIMILARITIES#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
It is nt +sed ,ent, !e!le tal0 teac ter
2+e!or. 3"e$, 4est"usted en su casa5.2+, lo estoy.
6r. 3"e$, 4are you athome5.27es, I am.
It is nt +sed ,ittitles f 7Dn8 r7D:a8
-on 8arlos y -o!a0aura son lospropietarios de lacasa.
6r. 8arlos and 6rs.0aura are the ownersof the house
It is al,a*s +sed tfr% te s+!erlati9ef a c%!arisn
ntonio es elalumnom"s flo#o de la clase.%eresa fue lachicam"s bonita en lafiesta
ntonio is tela$ieststudent of the class.%eresa was teprettiest girl in theparty.
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
It is nt +sed .efre
na%es f c+ntriesr cities e4ce!t,en te"egra!ical ter% is%dified-
LaEspa!a de
8ervantes
El3ars bohemio
Te+pain of
8ervantes
Te9ohemian 3aris
;it #ni
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
$efre s+!erlati9es Elefecto m"simportante sucedi/en :unio
Temost significanteffect happened in:une
$efre %difierstat %a0e te n+ntat fll,s/s!ecific
;l se refiere'est"refiriendo a la mismateora
&e is referring to tesame theory
In !rases tat refert a s!ecific !art fa ,le gr+!
8ada uno de lseperimentos fueeitoso
Each of teeperiments wassuccessful.
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
$efre Ordinaln+%.ers
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
T refer t a generale4a%!le fs%eting rater
tan a s!ecific .=ectte s!ea0er>,riteras in %ind
7o siempre escucho lasnoticias en la radiocuando condu$co hacia
el traba#o.
I always listen to thenews on teradiowhen driving to Work.
$efre lcatinsassciated ,itcertain t*!ical ra.it+al acti9ities-
6e voy para elgimnasio despu1s declase4&as ido a laplayaeste verano5
I>m going to tegymafter class
&aving you been to tebeach this summer5
;e als +se tedefinite article 7te8t tal0 a.+t a!ersn r .=ect tatas .een %entined!re9i+sl*-
?na ni!a est"comiendose un heladoen la banca, hay ungato con lani!a
girl is eating an icecream on the bench,there is a cat with tegirl
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THE DIFFEREN'ESUSE SPANISH ENGLISH
T indicate generalr incl+si9e sense-
6e gustan lsgatos. I like cats.
T refer t
s%eting alread*defined r%entined
El libro de carlos es
verde.Lapluma delmuchacho tiene tintanegra.
8arlos> book is green
%he boy>s pen has ared ink.
It is al,a*s +sed
,it titles/ e4ce!t,en it is referreddirectl* t te!ersn
El se!or 6arcos es
muy inteligente.Ladoctora 6artne$dicta clases en la?niversidad.
6r. 6arcos is very
smart-r. 6artne$ teachesat the ?niversity.
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
It is +sed ,it tena%es f lang+ages.+t nt after!re!sitins 7de8 r7en8
Elportugu1s es lalengua oficial de9rasil.Elruso es una lenguadifcil de aprender.
3ortuguese is theofficial language of9ra$il.@ussian is a verydifficult language tolearn.
Its +se is .ligatr*.efre !ssessi9e
!rn+ns e4ce!tafter 7$e8 ,en it?sfres and:ohn>s notebook
3eter>s and @ichard>spens are green
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
Englis des nt+se te article ,it
na%es f s!rts
El@ugby no es mideporte favorito
@ugby is not myfavorite sport
Englis des nt+se te article ,itAcade%ic s+.=ects
Lasmatem"ticas noson mi fuerte en laescuela
I>m not good at 6athsat school
It is +sed instead fa !ssessi9ead=ecti9e referring tcltes r !arts fte .d*
4-/nde est" elsombrero5El futbolista se lesion/en lasrodillas
Where is %*hat5%he football player gotin#ured on iskneels
S!anis +ses tedefinite article ine4!ressins f ageand ti%e
7a son lasnueve ymediaC
6arina y :oseph secasaron a lsD a!os
It>s FGH alreadyC
6arina and :osephwere married at D
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#SE S&ANISH EN"LISH
In S!anis ,e +sete definite article
,en ,e tal0 a.+tte %eals f teda*5 .rea0fast/l+nc and dinner-
El desayuno fueservido hace dos
horas
9reakfast was servedtwo hours ago
Englis des nt+se te definitearticle .efre !l+raln+ns ,en ,e tal0a.+t te% in ageneral ,a*-
Lsport"tiles y lastablets son m"sbaratos en losEstados ?nidos
0aptops and tabletsare cheaper in the?nited +tates
S+.stances/%aterials r clrs,e d nt +se tedefinite article.efre te%-
Elro#o y ela$ul sonlos colores de mieuipo de f=tbolfavorito
@ed and blue are thecolors of my favoritefootball team
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USE SPANISH ENGLISH
;e ne9er +se adefinite article .efreMOST f !r!ern+ns/ incl+ding tena%es f streets-
Mar* tra.a=a en laa9enida Lincln
Mar* ,r0s atLincln?s A9en+e
"EO"RA&HI'ALNO#NS-
Na%es f %+ntainsNa%es f cntinentsNa%es f islands
Lasislas de SanAndr@s * &r9idencia
sn las %s .nitasde 'l%.ia
San Andr@s Islandsare te %st
.ea+tif+l f'l%.ia
"EO"RA&HI'ALNO#NS-Na%es f la0es and.a*s
Ellag Erie es ellag %s grande
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SPECIAL CASES
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NOMINALIZATION
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LO B ADC Linteresante de este li.r es s+ %isteris
final-Te interesting ting f tis .0 is its%*steri+s ending-
LO B ADV Me sr!rende lr!id
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LO B &ARTI'I&LE Lda!ado de este edificio puede rempla$arse o
repararse.
Te damaged thing of this building can be replaced orfied.
LO B ADC B #E Ella no sabe lterrible ue fue para m verla partir.Se does not know ,terrible was for me to see herleaving.
A B LO IN THE ;A OF/ IN THE MANNER OF 6ichael se visti/ a lantiguo-
6ichael was dressed in teold way
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INFINITIVE ;HEN IT?S #SED "ENERALL
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INFINITIVE ;HEN IT?S #SED"ENERALL
Drin0ingcoffe keeps you awake.
Elbeber caf1 te mantiene despierto
St+d*inga foreign language epands
your cultural knowledge-El estudiar un idioma etran#eroepande tu conocimiento cultural.
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&RO&ER NO#NS
Ese escritor es el%olkien de 8olombia
%hatwriter is te%olkien of 8olombia.
Ese futbolista es el6aradona de
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'ONTRA'TIONS
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'ntractin f te !re!sitin ,it tearticle5
A B EL AL
6e voy alcine esta noche
I>m going t te 8inema tonight
Nte5
In English, the preposition and the article isalways separated.
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'ntractin f te &re!sitin ,it te definitearticle5 De B El Del
Estos cinco libros son del mismo autor-
%hese five books belong tte same author-
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"eneral r+le5 %he articles el and un are the only oneswhich can be used when a feminine noun begins with stresseda or ha. *nly when any of these two articles preceedes thenoun immediately. 9ut when there is an ad#ective in the middle
of both, we use la and unaG
E.gG Article J feminine nounB Elagua. 2 Water
Article J ad#ective J feminine nounB
Ladulce agua K tesweet water
;it Ad=ecti9es5 We use feminine article la and una whenthe ad#ective begins in stressed a.
E.gG Laalta sociedad
La"spera superficie
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Te Article 7El8 and 7#n8 .efre fe%inine n+ns.eginning ,it stressed 7a8 !ne%e
%he articles 7el8 or 7+n8/ instead of 7la8 or 7+na8 areaccompanied with feminine nouns which begin in stresseda or ha phoneme when the following conditions are givenG
LB %he article precedes the noun immediately.
DB %he noun is in feminine gender and it is singular. HB %he noun begins in a stressed phoneme
a or ha
%his rule also counts for compound nouns in which the firstelement, separated, begins in a unstressed phoneme.
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EamplesG
Elaguamarina
El aguardiente
El aguamiel
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