DR. Eisa Ali Johali بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA \ MINISTRY OF...
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- Slide 1
- DR. Eisa Ali Johali KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA \ MINISTRY OF
HIGHER EDUCTION KING SAUD UNIVERSITY \ CAMS \ CHSD- CN & HE t
Be Ready and Willing To Move Your Self; Patients & Nation
Towards Wellness and Happiness E Johali1CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 2
- EISA ALI JOHALI A Lecturer Author of two published books, the 3
rd under publishing, plus 3 projected PhD Health Sciences By
Accrediting Prior Experiences, Hill University Sept. 2011 MA (Ed.)
Philosophies and Sciences of Teaching,Learning and Curriculum in UK
& SA Nursing, University of Southampton, UK 1995 Short
Fellowship Planning Health Professions Education,UIC,USA 1991
Bachelor of Applied Medical Sciences; Community Health Sciences,
Health Education, KSU 1407\1986
http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/JOHALI/default.aspx \
Johali59@hotmail.com Windows Live Messenger Johali 3 CNHB 2014
Group http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/JOHALI/default.aspx \
Johali59@hotmail.com
http://sa.linkedin.com/pub/eisa-johali/31/3a6/896 \
thttps://twitter.com/TheNature2011 Dr. Eisa Johali
thttps://twitter.com/TheNature2011 E Johali2 CMED 303 - CNHB
2014
- Slide 3
- Johali Philosophy and Learning Introductory As an introductory
to this Persuasive probing Concise Lectures Note, I would like to
send a progressive educational message to my dear CN Adult
Learners. My dear learner remember that you are not a primary
school pupil, neither an elementary, nor even a secondary school
student. You are an adult learner that in order to success in this
progressive course and in your life as well, you have to Think,
Participate, Practice & Reflect on and in. You have to attend
& react actively and voluntarily at every session. This is not
a traditional lectures note that you can just read, store and
recall. it is a Lifelong Learning Concise, which helps you to think
around, back, about, over and up. It is prepared to promote you to
search about the most appropriate knowledge, attitude that can
assure the quality of your communication with your self, patients,
your colleagues, and improve the quality of your profession, and
the quality of your patients, family, community & your Nation.
So as to, learn the course well, you have to use "Your All Senses"
and "Abilities", as well; You have to attend, see, listen, ask,
discuss and participate actively in teaching, learning; and
assessing your self, your colleague, your teaching and learning
process and materials, your curriculum, and your Lecturer as well.
Finally, if you do so, do not worry, you will success in your
course and your life as well. With this Concise & its T&L
Plan and Process All the Learners will success; Except the one Who
DO NOT Welling to Success !! E JohaliCMED 303 - CNHB 20143
- Slide 4
- Updated Course Description Course No. and abbrev: CMEDI 303
Course title: Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition Credit hours: 1
(1+0) Level: 8 Contact hours: 1 Course prerequisites: nothing
Course Description: In addition to a brief historical and
scientific overview regarding the worldwide human behavioral
debating compare to Islam,, this course covers a brief introductory
to psychology, defining terms, nature, scope, role, scientific
concepts, approaches and methods that can help you to plan for
healthy human behavior styles to prevent, promote and treat your
patients from the most common nutritional disorders at national
level. E Johali4CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 5
- T & L Objectives \ Outcomes & Plan E JohaliCMED 303 -
CNHB 20145 NotesUnits/SubjectsWeeks 2 hrs/week Interactive L: Group
Discussion &Dialogues; Case Studies & Role Play -
Understanding Each Others - Present Course Plan; Teaching and
Learning Objectives & Outcomes. - Reasoning WHY Human Behavior
for Clinical Nutrition (CNHB) ? 1 st & 2 nd I L with
Questioning + Models Demonstration - Probing Psycho- Behavioral
Social Cultural Historical Roots with relation to Clinical
Nutritionists\ Dietitians 3 rd & 4 th - Defining Terms - Nature
and scope of human behavior 5 th RT Exam Model 1 1st EXAM &
Plan of the Reflective Assignments - Psychological Approaches to
Human Behavior (1) 6 th & 7 th - Psychological Approaches to
Human Behavior ( 2)8 th - Islamic Human Behavior the Ideal for ZD
CNHB - Health Behavioral Changes People Reaction -Resistance &
Motivation 9 th & 10 th RT Exam Model 2 2 nd Exam & Final
Date for Assignments submitted & Presentation11 th Assignments
deadline Planning g for Positive ( ZD ) Health Behavior - Planning
to prevent, promote and cure nutritional disorders such as 12 th
& 13 th Revision 14 th FINAL EXAM15 th & 16 th
- Slide 6
- - Your Smart Class Notes - This Presentation Johali, E. A
(2014) Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition: HB2CN2013 - Johali
Islamic C N Based Creative Lecture Note Towards ZD CNHB - FURTHER -
Basic Psychology for Human Resource Practitioners by S. J. Kruger ,
E. Smit , W. L. Du P.
://ww2.fhi.org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4theo.html -
Basic Psychology for Human Resource PractitionersS. J. Kruger E.
Smit W. L. Du P.
://ww2.fhi.org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4theo.html -
http://www.ericdigests.org/1999-4/health.htmhttp://www.ericdigests.org/1999-4/health.htm
-
http://www.kellevision.com/kellevision/2009/06/how-to-change-negative-behavior-
patterns.htmlhttp://www.kellevision.com/kellevision/2009/06/how-to-change-negative-behavior-
patterns.html - -
http://adultmeducation.com/FacilitatingBehaviorChange.html
http://adultmeducation.com/FacilitatingBehaviorChange.html - 3
Steps to Yes: The Gentle Art of Getting Your Way by Gene Bedell,
Crown Business 2000.GeneBedell http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/
http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/healthy-lifestyle-ideas.html
http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/healthy-lifestyle-ideas.html
Recommended References & Resources http:// www. Le Roux - 1996
Le Roux - http
islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263&Itemid=230
http E Johali6CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 7
- REASONING WHY HBCN CMED303 You have to study How to Organize
science and services? To Be Ready & Welling To Success ? Think
& Reflect: Let us Start with These Learning Videos : How to
Train to Be a Radiographer ? (Watch Videos Write Notes; Discuss in
Peer Group & Write Three Reasons) E JohaliCMED 303 - CNHB
20147
- Slide 8
- Why HBCN CMED 303 ? Be Ready & Welling To Success ? Two
Peers Discussion & Group Dialogue The Place of HB in Your CNJD?
The Place of HB in Your Education ? Play a role of CN working in a
hospital How Do You Act-React-Interact to others and to Yourself Ha
if One Told You..You Have to Change Your Behavior ?! Do You Accept
Any Negative Bad Wrong Behave ? Conclude: Because It Is a Part of
My Job Description (CNJB) & To Assure Quality of CNHB \
Positive Healthy HB E Johali CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 8
- Slide 9
- Brief Historical Overview E Johali9CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 10
- Lecturers Introduction to Human Health Behavior As first step
towards Readiness & Willingness, you have to know that course
title is Human Health\Healthy Behavior (HHB) \Personal Behavior NOT
Human Behavior (HB) : HB is an open\wide field, it traced to human
nature\creation.. This topic has huge debating \disagreement
between rational, logical and liberal scientists, and with Muslims
and Non Muslims. I have spent two years with philosophers and
scientists in bigoted site http://www.researchgate.net; Topics
Philosophy Reflecting in Nature the Great Creation and Creator Eisa
Ali Johali Jun 27, 2011, and the same character group in LinkedIn
http://www.researchgate.netTopicsPhilosophyEisa Ali Johali In
summary there are three different divergences of Human Nature and
Behavior: The liberal \ Radical Scientists believe in Nurture ,
Revolution , Bin Bang human s not created. This misleading believe
traced back to (Darwin who believe that human revolute\ origin \
come from "Monkey Illiberal Scientists have some rational and
logical view that there is Nature and Creation BUT they dont know
who is Great Creator.. God; Christens believe that Jesus (PBUH) is
the Creator. While Muslims believe in Nature and Creation of Great
Creator God the Only One God Allah . Let us watch this Videos to
see misleading sciences compare to truthful, and to know from where
and what is HHB E Johali10CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 11
- Human Behavior in Health and social care
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8wk3JwtXMc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8wk3JwtXMc Islamy
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest6828-123654-understanding-
human-nature-behaviour-education-ppt-powerpoint/ Watch again and
Answer: Ref Qs: - The unexamined life is worth living (T\F) If F
correct.; Not\ Examined ? (p5) -Behavior is difficult to predict
links to the Behavioral Theories (T\F) If F correct ? (p15) -Plus
reading the MBTI 16 Personality Types and make self summary model
Nature or Nurture; How Do Genes, Environment and Free Will Affect
Human Behavior? Watch again and Answers These Questions: Q1:
Nurture means: Q2: Human Behavior Can Be: - Free Well Behavior
Means: - Self determine Self control Cognitive Independent (all)
Our Behavior shapes, determine and control by (Islam)..... Compare
to western sciences, our behavior is free well .F (Islamic well)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vMC3TPuOOo&playnext=1&list=
PL6BB1DC6C8DE74013&feature=results_video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7wc6QfepJE&feature=related E
Johali11CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 12
- Developmental Psychology: The Newborn Attract Live
Demonstration Lecture in University Class
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SE6zziFxWs&feature=related
& To Introduction To HB
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlW917n6mpA&feature=relmfu E
Johali12CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 13
- Brief Historical Development Developments over the past decade
in psychology, in medicine, in funding institutions such as the
National Institutes of Health, and in industry make clear that the
rapidly growing areas of behavioral medicine and behavioral health
are presenting psychology and its sister professions with new
opportunities for training, research, and practice. Specific
developments within psychology leading to the establishment of the
American Psychological Association's Division 38 (Health
Psychology) are traced. Also traced are activities on the national
level that have led to the development of organizations with a more
interdisciplinary focus. Despite a modicum of overselling in some
quarters, behavioral health and health psychology appear to be
ideas whose time has come. By Matarazzo, Joseph D. American
Psychologist, Vol 35(9), Sep 1980, 807-817.
http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/35/9/807/ E Johali13CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 14
- Reality with Islamic View Concise Histo-Developmental Model Of
Psych- Human Behavior Human Creation Adam 1 st Human Muslim Verily.
We created man of the best stature (mould\manner) Human Creation
Adam 1 st Human Muslim Verily. We created man of the best stature
(mould\manner) Best Behavior in all Holy Scriptures\ Civilizations
(Noah Mohammad Islam + Greece) 600 B.C - Date Best Behavior in all
Holy Scriptures\ Civilizations (Noah Mohammad Islam + Greece) 600
B.C - Date www.quranichealing.net www.usc.edu 600 B. C. 1700 A. C
Islamic Medicine Psychology Behavior ?!! Alfred, Adler 1870-1937
Social Motive-Feelings Mental Disorders Solomon 1907-1996 Self
Perception Human change even if other wrong Darwin, Charles 1808
1882 Evolution Theory Human from animal create-behave Freud,
Sigmund 1856 1939 Sexuality Dreams Motive Hermann Von 1821; Galton,
Sir Francis 1822; Hermann E; .Cont. Thomas, Y 1773-1829 Early Color
Theory TODADY & FUTURE Healthy HB Recent Psychological Theories
1900 - 2011 E Johali14CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 15
- Table 1.1 Brief Historical Development Focus (dates; first,
counseling and behavior) E Johali15CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 16
- A Brief Introductory to Psychology\Human Behavior E
Johali16CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 17
- Johali Concise Psycho-Behave Histo-Development in Table E
Johali17CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 18
- Discover Human Behaviors & Communication Characters By
Faces & Your Personality Styles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXU6EDR9U0Y&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExfS4-JqBR8&feature=related
Discover Your Personality Style
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IK2ovBcTvMs By Colour
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnyCTeKmef0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAHB0quWziY&feature=fvwrel E
Johali18CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 19
- Nature and Scope of Human Behavior Human behavior is a
challenging in every aspects. It not only deals to with the
changing modify- improve human character but also a adapt behavior
with respect to time. The scope of human behavior is very huge. It
has very large area of research. It can have wide impact on people
and society. The nature of understanding human behavior is not an
easy topic for the discussion. Any one who is interested has to go
through many research on understanding the brain functionality
together with the model of modeling such behavior. E Johali19CMED
303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 20
- Psychological (Theories) Approaches To Human Behavior Discover
what scientists are saying Think compare to our science - culture
Islam, write your science
http://www.islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=281&Itemid=248
http://www.islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263&Itemid=230
E Johali20CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 21
- An introduction How psychologists explain human behaviour Why
do people behave the way they do ?! Discover what scientists are
saying Think compare to our science - culture Islam, write your
science E Johali21CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 22
- Biological approach to understanding human behaviour - All
behaviour is determined by genetic, physiological and neurological
factors - The central nervous system and the brain is a major
influence - Normality is a properly functioning nervous system The
nature of psychological development Stages of behavioural &
psychological development are based on changes in brain growth
which are genetically determined (maturation) Preferred method of
study: - Experiment (on animals often rats and humans) E
Johali22CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 23
- Biological approach to understanding human behaviour Major
causes of abnormal behaviour genetic disorders organic (bodily)
disorders brain disease or injury chemical imbalance / allergies
mental illness Preferred methods of treatment: chemotherapy(
drugs); electroconvulsive therapy; psychosurgery Goals of
treatment: To alleviate symptoms or to reverse the underlying cause
(s) of the illness Key Studies : - Maguire et al : Brains of London
Taxi Drivers - Sperry: The split brain studies E Johali23CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 24
- Psychodynamic approach to understanding human behaviour (Freud)
Behaviour determined by unconscious forces - The individual
experiences unconscious conflict due to opposing demands made by
different parts of the personality (id, ego, superego) - Normality
: A reasonable balance between id, ego, superego but there is
always some conflict..... Id Ego Superego in Islam are they
conflict ? The nature of psychological development - Five
psychosexual stages whose sequence is determined by maturation - An
individual is shaped by early childhood experiences E Johali24CMED
303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 25
- Preferred method of study is case study... Key Studies: -
Freud, S. (1909) Analysis of a phobia in a five-year-old boy.
Pelican Freud Library, Vol. 8, Case Histories - Thigpen, C.H. &
Cleckley, H. (1954) A case of multiple personality. Major causes of
abnormal behaviour Emotional disturbance / neurosis caused by
unresolved conflicts stemming from childhood Preferred methods of
treatment Psychoanalysis in which the unconscious is revealed Goals
of treatment To uncover unconscious conflict and to achieve balance
between id, ego, superego E Johali25CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
Psychodynamic approach to understanding human behaviour
(Freud)
- Slide 26
- Behaviourist approach (perspective) to understanding human
behaviour - All human behaviour shaped by environmental forces -
Behaviour is learned by classical & operant conditioning
(Pavlovs dogs) Normality The possession of an adequately large
repertoire of learned responses Major causes of abnormal behaviour
- learned maladaptive responses - no distinction between symptoms
and behaviour disorder Key Study: - Little Albert: J Watson & R
Rayner (1926) - Conditioned emotional responses E Johali26CMED 303
- CNHB 2014
- Slide 27
- Behaviourist approach (perspective) to understanding human
behaviour Preferred methods of treatment behaviour therapy
systematic desensitisation aversion therapy, flooding therapy Goals
of treatment To eliminate maladaptive responses (phobias etc) and
to acquire new ones Classical conditioning - With care &
patience, it is possible to demonstrate the conditioning of the
eye-blink reflex in humans. In pairs choose who will be the
experimenter and the learner - Experimenter - blow carefully (use a
drinking straw ) across the eyeball. Now pair the puff of air with
a gentle tap on the back of the participants hand. Record the
number of pairings required to produce the eye-blink to the tap on
the hand alone. E Johali27CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 28
- Cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour The human
mind is compared to a computer (information processor) as cognitive
processes select, code, store and retrieve information. Key Study
Areas: Memory, Perception, Language Normality The proper
functioning of cognitive processes & ability to use them to
monitor & control behaviour The nature of psychological
development Stages of cognitive development by (Key Names: Jean
Piaget, L Vygotsky) Preferred methods of study - experiment (mainly
humans) & - artificial intelligence E Johali28CMED 303 - CNHB
2014
- Slide 29
- Cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour The major
causes of abnormal behaviour - unrealistic/irrational ideas about
self & others - the inability to monitor behaviour through
cognitive processes Key studies: - Loftus & Palmer How leading
questions reconstruct memory - Samuel & Bryant Asking only one
question in the conservation tasks Preferred methods of treatment -
Rational Emotive Therapy - Cognitive Behaviour Therapy e.g. Pain
clinics / depression clinics The goals of treatment- To correct
unrealistic ideas so that thinking becomes an effective means of
controlling behaviour E Johali29CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 30
- Key questions to ask about human behaviour Do people behave the
way they do - Because of biological (nature) reasons or - Because
of their environmental (nurture ) experiences?!! - or a bit of both
How can metaphysical mental processes cause behaviour? The ghost in
the machine! E Johali30 CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 31
- HEALTHY LIFE WITH ALLAH ONLY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezI1cBfppdY ISLAM Human Behaviour E
Johali31CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 32
- Summary of Islamic HB Sciences Deen E Johali32CMED 303 - CNHB
2014
- Slide 33
- Source:
http://www.quranichealing.net/http://www.quranichealing.net/
Islamic Theory of Psychology and Human Behavior By Mohammad bin
abbas Allah, the Almighty, created man and knows the things of
which he tells himself, and all what is hidden and known. Allah
chose man as His heir on earth to bear The Trust where He says:
''We did offer The Trust to the Heavens and the Earth and the
Mountains; but they refused to undertake it, being afraid thereof:
but man undertook it; - he was indeed unjust and foolish''. Allah
dignified man and honored him over the other creatures, and guided
him with His Words to what is best in this world and in after life.
He sent His messengers and prophets with the divine books that
include all what man needs for his guidance and cure. Throughout
this research, we reviewed and analyzed one of the modern sciences
and discussed how far its spiritual and psychological issues
accords with what Allah mentions in the Quran. It has been
demonstrated that the Quran includes glorious verses that help
reform the human soul, and which provide a spiritual, behavioral,
and psychological treatment. The Quran teaches man how to fulfill
his own self, and how to feel psychologically secure and physically
safe. In addition, it guides him as to how can happiness and joy be
achieved. Thus, the Glorious Quran offers a complete methodology
for treatment and cures that moves people from darkness to light,
guiding them to the right path. This Book is also a protection
against devilish and psychological ailments. Hence, Allah is
Truthful and His honest messenger has delivered his message; to all
that and to the Oneness of Allah do we testify. joy E Johali33CMED
303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 34
- Source:
http://www.quranichealing.net/http://www.quranichealing.net/
Islamic Theory of Psychology and Human Behavior By Mohammad bin
abbas
http://www.deenresearchcenter.com/Scriptureresearch/QuranicsciencesUlumalQuran/SciencesMessageHistory/tabid/93/Default.aspx
E Johali34CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 35
- Source:
http://www.quranichealing.net/http://www.quranichealing.net/
http://www.deenresearchcenter.com/Scriptureresearch/QuranicsciencesUlumalQuran/SciencesMessageHistory/tabid/93/Default.aspx
Many theories have been made on human behaviour and the factors
governing it, and one popular explanation behind the trending of
human behaviour is religion. Religion is believed to have an
immense power in influencing human behaviour due to its close link
to humans spiritual self, and the reasons are obvious. Rules and
knowledge which comes together with religion is seen as a guide
wh*Corresponding author. Email: munawar@ukm.my Copyright 2011
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia dan Institut Islam Hadhari ukm
Jurnal Hadhari 3 (2) (2011) 103 - 116 ere people who believe in
their religion adhere religiously regardless ALLAH the Only Who Can
Give You Healthy Life Overcome Behavioural Disorder With Worship E
Johali35CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 36
- HB Barriers & Human Relationship System in Islam E
Johali36CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 37
- Where there is a will; way ! behavioral Obstacles (barriers)
Nafs Others But Satan E Johali37CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 38
- E Johali38CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 39
- 1. Trustworthiness 2. Promise Keeping 3. Justice Fundamental
Principles of fair dealing E Johali39CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 40
- Types of Trust Advice Vote Secrets Loans Inheritance Office
time Authority Meetings Office property Wealth E Johali40CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 41
- KINDS OF PROMISE Pledge to / with: Oneself Mankind Allah
Intention of piety, repentance etc Implied agreements (Obligations
to parents, neighbours etc) Written agreements (Rent, employment,
business etc) Lifetime obedience (Fulfilling purpose of creation
i.e. Ibaadat) E Johali41CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 42
- Characteristics of Islamic Society Focal point Of faith
Sympathy/ Altruism Segregation of Sexes Human Equality Sense of
Responsibility Moderation Universal Brotherhood Moral Conduct
Enjoining good/ forbidding bad E Johali42CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 43
- Resource Output Activity Target of Islam Moral Welfare
Spiritual Welfare System Welfare Human Welfare Spiritual
PowerEconomic Power Piety Unity PrayerCharity Fasting Hajj E
Johali43CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 44
- Health Behavior Change Johali Argument Do You Want To Change
Your Behavior ?!! Motivate ; Promote; Help & Facilitate to
Assure Quality Change E Johali44CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 Give Answer
& Decide the Next Step to Healthy Behaviors
- Slide 45
- Promoting Behavioral Change Let us tart watch this\these Health
Behavior Change http://www.slideworld.org/slideshow.aspx/Health-
Behavior-Change-ppt-5058
http://www.slideworld.org/slideshow.aspx/Health-
Behavior-Change-ppt-5058 Slide 49 Action Process Approach (PIAR)
Pre-intentional - Intentional - Actional Risk & Resource
Communication Plus Matching Mismatching (You Have To read) E
Johali45CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 46
- Psychologists developed the Stages of Change Theory (SCT) in
1982 to compare smokers in therapy and self-changers along a
behavior change continuum. The rationale behind "staging" people,
as such, was to tailor therapy to a person's needs at his/her
particular point in the change process. As a result, the four
original components of the Stages of Change Theory
(Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Action, and Maintenance) were
identified and resented as a linear process of change. Since then,
a fifth stage (preparation for action) has been incorporated into
the theory, as well as ten processes that help predict and motivate
individual movement across stages. In addition, the stages are no
longer considered to be linear; rather, they are components of a
cyclical process that varies for each individual. The stages and
processes, as described by Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross
(1992), are listed below. 1)Pre-Contemplation: Individual has the
problem (whether he/she recognizes it or not) and has no intention
of changing. With PC Processes: 1. Consciousness raising
(information and knowledge) 2. Dramatic relief (role playing) 3.
Environmental Reevaluation (how problem affects physical
environment) 2)Contemplation: Individual recognizes the problem and
is seriously thinking about changing..With C Processes:
Self-reevaluation (assessing one'sfeelings regarding behavior)
3)Preparation for Action: Individual recognizes the problem and
intends to change the behavior within the next month. Some behavior
change efforts may be reported, such as inconsistent condom usage.
However, the defined behavior change criterion has not been reached
(i.e., consistent condom usage). With PA Processes: Self-liberation
(commitment or belief in ability to change) 4)Action: Individual
has enacted consistent behavior change (i.e., consistent condom
usage) for less than six months.With A Processes: 1. Reinforcement
management (overt and covert rewards) 2. Helping relationships
(social support, selfhelp groups) 3. Counter- conditioning
(alternatives for behavior) 4. Stimulus control (avoid high-risk
cues) 5)Maintenance: Individual maintains new behavior for six
months or more. A variety of behaviors, such as smoking cessation,
weight control efforts and mammography screening, have been
explored in U.S. populations using the Stages of Change Theory
(Prochaska, 1994). E Johali46CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 47
- SCT Limitations: As a psychological theory, the stages of
change focuses on the individual without assessing the role that
structural and environmental issues may have on a person's ability
to enact behavior change. In addition, since the stages of change
presents a descriptive rather than a causative explanation of
behavior, the relationship between stages is not always clear.
Finally, each of the stages may not be suitable for characterizing
every population. For instance, a study of sex workers in Bolivia
discovered that few study participants were in the
precontemplative, contemplative stages in regard to using condoms
with their clients (Posner, 1995). E Johali47CMED 303 - CNHB
2014
- Slide 48
- Stages of Change Model Source: Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente,
C.C. and Norcross, J.C. (1992). In search of how people change --
applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist, 47(9),
1102-1114. E Johali48CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 The sub-stages
- Slide 49
- Figure 1 Cycle of change (after Prochaska and DiClemente7) in
Bondy, C 2004, J R Soc Med. 2004; 97(Suppl 44): 4347. E
Johali49CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 50
- AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM)
http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofq
vrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdfhttp://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofq
vrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdf
Stage 1 Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3 E Johali50CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 51
- How does behavior change occur? This question probably has as
many answers as there are diverse populations and cultures. Every
HIV prevention program, however, is based on those answers --
theories about why people change their behaviors. These underlying
principles may not be formally recognized as theories, but they
focus HIV prevention efforts on the elements believed to be
essential for individuals to enact and sustain behavior change.
Four of the most commonly theories in HIV are: -Health Belief
Model, - AIDS Risk Reduction Model, - Stages of Change Theory -
Theory of Reasoned Action These theories have yet to be extensively
applied in research outside of the United States, and they may not
These theories capture the elements necessary for behavior change
in every culture or population. develops by Julie to encourage
people working with HIV/AIDS1996 under AIDS Control and Prevention
(AIDSCAP) Project. Health Belief Model (HBM) The Health Belief
Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and
predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs
of individuals. -HBM was developed in the 1950s as part of an
effort by social psychologists in the United States Public Health
Service to explain the lack of public participation in health
screening and prevention programs (e.g., a free and conveniently
located tuberculosis screening project). - HBM has been adapted to
explore a variety of long- and short-term health behaviors based on
Perception Awareness -Becker et al 1994 set HBM Key Variables as
follows: 1)Perceived Threat of Susceptibility (the risk of
contracting a health condition) + Severity (Feelings concerning the
seriousness) 2) Perceived Benefits: The believed effectiveness of
strategies designed to reduce the threat of illness.- Perceived
Barriers (The potential negative consequences that may result from
taking particular health actions, including physical,
psychological, and financial demands) 3) Cues to Action: Events,
either bodily (e.g., physical symptoms of a health condition) or
environmental (e.g., media publicity) that motivate people to take
action. Cues to actions is an aspect of the HBM that has not been
systematically studied. E Johali 51 CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 Health
Belief Model (HBM)
- Slide 52
- Behavior Change -- A Summary of Four Major Theories By Julie
Denison
http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofq
vrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdf
This document presents and explains four of the most commonly cited
theories used in HIV/AIDS prevention on how behavior change is
believed to occur. E Johali52CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 53
- HBM Johali Modified Schematic Diagram (Johali 2003 NURHE) E
Johali53CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 54
- Theory of Reasoned Action TRA has been explained and predicted
a variety of human behaviors since 1967. It based on the Premise
that humans are rational and that the behaviors being explored are
under volitional control, It provides a construct links Individual
beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior (Fishbein et al1994).
This TRA based on 6 Variables : 1)Behavior: A specific behavior
defined by a combination of four components: action, target,
context, and time (e.g., implementing a HIV risk reduction strategy
(action) by workers using clove and mask (target) in communicating
with HIV inpatients (context) every time (time). 2)Intention: The
intent to perform a behavior is the best predictor that a desired
behavior will actually occur. In order to measure it accurately and
effectively, intent should be defined using the same components
used to define behavior: action, target, context, and time. Both
attitude and norms, described below, influence one's intention to
perform a behavior. 3)Attitude: A person's positive or negative
feelings toward performing the defined behavior. 4)Behavioral
Beliefs: Behavioral beliefs are a combination of a person's beliefs
regarding the outcomes of a defined behavior and the person's
evaluation of potential outcomes. 5)Norms: A person's perception of
other people's opinions regarding the defined behavior. 6)Normative
Beliefs: Normative beliefs are a combination of a person's beliefs
regarding other people's views of a behavior and the person's
willingness to conform to those views. As with behavioral beliefs,
normative beliefs regarding other people's opinions and the
evaluation of those opinions will vary from population to
population. The TRA provides a framework for linking each of the
above variables together ( above diagram). Essentially, the
behavioral and normative beliefs referred to as cognitive
structures -- influence individual attitudes and subjective norms,
respectively. In turn, attitudes and norms shape a person's
intention to perform a behavior. (Summarize and reorganize these 6
in 5 Only BIBAN \ BINAB ?! ) Limitations: Some limitations of the
TRA include the inability of the theory, due to its individualistic
approach, to consider the role of environmental and structural
issues and the linearity of the theory components (Kippax and
Crawford, 1993). Individuals may first change their behavior and
then their beliefs/attitudes about it. For example, studies on the
impact of seatbelt laws in the United States revealed that people
often changed their negative attitudes about the use of seatbelts
as they grew accustomed to the new behavior. E Johali54CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 55
- Theory of Reasoned Action Source: Ajen,I., Fishbein, M. (1980)
Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall, Inc. As CN; think and describe this diagrammatic
model ..to what cases and how you can use Then read authors
description You can describe more accurate E Johali55CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 56
- Basics of Educational Psychology Model Developed by: W. Huitt,
1999 E Johali56CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 57
- Compound Behaviours Person internal behaviour Decis. { }
Actions { } State { + } Other Persons Objects External Behaviour of
the acting Person E Johali57CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 58
- Behavioral Nutrition Can Friend Advices Cause Eating disorders?
http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutrition E Johali58CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 59
- I recently received a question from a female friend regarding
one of her male friends. She was unsure how to delicately approach
him as she was concerned about his weight. She stated that he is 59
and only weighted 95 lbs. If this is true, he has a body mass index
of 14. Any body mass index under 18 is considered significantly
underweight, so he is SERIOUSLY underweight. Someone his size
should weigh, at a minimum, 125 lbs. to about 160. Additionally he
seems to demonstrate additional addictive behaviors. Many only
associate anorexia with females. However, this condition affects
males as well. Here are some of the questions I would like to ask
him and discuss with him, but I do not have the right to diagnose
him. Regardless, we as a community should discuss how to work with
our friends who have dietary challenges. If I was speaking to my
friend I would have an informal discussion such as this: Does he
work out, or does he just live off alcohol, caffeine and smokes as
you suggested? The reason I am asking is because anorexia, which he
may very well have, is not limited to just females. More and more
men are suffering from this as well. I cant diagnose it but either
he is anorexic or he has a SERIOUS physical illness (or unknown
drug addiction) and should seek medical attention. Either way he is
starving his body and alcohol and caffeine are just empty calories.
Anorexic individuals very often have control issues. Perhaps there
are things going on in his life that he feels he cannot control,
such as his job, finances, relationships etc. When this happens
people often look to things they can control, such as the food they
eat. Another associated condition is called body dysmorphia. This
condition occurs and is very often associated with anorexia or
eating disorders, when a person looks in the mirror and what they
see looking back at them is not reflective of reality. He may look
in the mirror and think he looks just great while the rest of us
see that his is significantly underweight. Also, there could be
issues of low self-esteem, need for acceptance, and he finds that
not eating allows him to control these emotions. Dr. Lisa SamuelDr.
Lisa Samuel | Post a Comment | Share ArticlePost a Comment Thursday
Jan202011, E Johali59CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 60
- So, what can you do to help change his behavior is the big
question. The best choice would be for him to go to a physician and
let that person explain the severity of his low weight and how it
severely impacts how his organs function and his overall health.
But, you cant force someone to go to a physician. There is a chance
that if you start directing him on how to eat that he may retaliate
and ignore you, or just eat less because of his fragile emotions.
Once he feels that he is on the defensive it is less likely he will
listen to you. Try really hard not to be judgmental about his
negative eating behavior, but express your concern that you never
really see him eating. Make sure he knows that you are concerned
about his welfare and that you care for his health. One thing that
could help would be to invite him to situations that have food or
where there is public eating going on. Encouraging him to eat in
front of others hopefully will make him more comfortable with the
process. If he likes to drink (which I am not encouraging) then
bring him to a happy hour that has a buffet and maybe make up a
small plate for him and others so as not to be conspicuous.
Clinically speaking, you want to encourage your friend to be
interested in and intrigued by why he is not eating enough. Perhaps
ask him if there are things going on in his life that are stressing
him out (thereby causing the lack of eating) and be an open ear for
him. You do not have to make him feel that he needs to be heavy,
just normal. Try and encourage him to snack throughout the day. He
may not be ready to sit down for a steak dinner at this moment, but
small snacks will help him to not feel that he is overindulging.
The best recommendation that I would give my friend would be to
seek out qualified medical and psychological assistance, but often
individuals without a lot of support systems are not open to this
type of advice. And, as the person of concern is a male, he may be
reluctant to the option that he has an eating disorder. Getting
information and finding the right help is important. But, being a
good friend and keeping an eye out for those who need assistance is
the best thing a person can do. We must break the stigma that
eating disorders are only for females. Dr. Lisa SamuelDr. Lisa
Samuel | Post a Comment | Share ArticlePost a Comment Thursday
Jan202011, E Johali60CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 61
- How much will it take to get you to just try one bite??? Ah
yes, the age old drama of trying to get your kids to eat their
vegetables. My oldest son (10) will eat his vegetables on a regular
basis because, basically, I do not give him a choice. If he does
not like something specific, such as brussel sprouts, I do not
force him to eat them. But I promote the importance of eating
vegetables on a regular basis and he does understand this. My
youngest son (2 ) is a completely different story. He instinctively
knows when something is a vegetable or has vegetables in it. It is
almost like he has internal radar for healthy food and immediately
turns his head so far away from the food that I expect him to turn
into the girl from the Exorcist and do a full head swing. Visualize
it. So, how do I make a 2 year old eat? Should I bribe him or
reward him when he eats his carrots?. My fear has been that bribery
or rewards could psychologically damage him in the long run.
Perhaps I would set a standard of behavior where I would have to
reward him to take a shower when he is 15. That would not be
acceptable. Many experts recommend the best choice is repeated
exposure to a food, perhaps as many as 10 to 15 times before a
child will consume a new food (Drotz, 2008). Also, eating
vegetables in front of your children is recommended. This has not
worked in my house with my youngest child. So is it ethical for me
to offer rewards, such as promising a toy or a sticker, if my child
eats his vegetables?. According to a recent research study the
answer, surprisingly, is YES! In a study by the Department of
Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, and the
Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, they concluded that
external rewards do not necessarily produce negative effects and
may be useful in promoting healthful eating (Cooke et al., 2010).
The study took young children and presented them with vegetables
and asked them to rate them with yuckie, okay and yummy smiley
faces. One group of children received no intervention, a second
group received a sticker if they would try the vegetable, and the
third group received social praise for trying the vegetable. Over
time, the children who received a reward increased the amount of
vegetables they would eat and displayed an increase in thinking the
food was yummy over longer periods of time. So, I am going to the
grocery store to buy more carrots and I think a couple of packets
of Thomas the Train stickers. Wish me luck! Cooke, L. J.,Chambers,
L.C., Aez, E. V., Croker, H. A., Boniface, D., Yeomans, M. R.,
& Wardle, J. (2010). Eating for pleasure or profit: The effect
of incentives on childrens enjoyment of vegetables. Psychological
Science, 29 December 2010. Drotz, K. (2008). 5 steps to getting
children to eat more vegetables. HealthCastle.com Dr. Lisa
SamuelDr. Lisa Samuel | Post a Comment | Share Article Friday
Nov052010Post a Comment E Johali61CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 62
- Avoid the Blues by Eating Whole Foods Once again there is new
scientific evidence that demonstrates a relationship between
dietary habits and mental health. In a recent article in the
American Journal of Psychiatry, the authors presented research that
women who consumed fresh vegetables, fruit, beef, lamb, and whole
grains demonstrated a lower likelihood of anxiety and depressive
disorders in comparison with women who ate more processed foods
which are very common in the United States and other western
countries (Jacka et. al, 2010). This research study did incorporate
age and physical activity and the results still demonstrated better
mental health from those who eat more whole foods. This should not
be a surprise because processed foods often lose the natural
nutrients due to over cooking processes, the negative impact of
canning and the over presence of aluminum due to this process, as
well as all the unnecessary preservatives associated with
processing foods. Some simple steps to avoid depleting the
nutritional qualities of the food you cook at home include steaming
your vegetables instead of boiling them, as over cooking vegetable
removes a majority of the vitamins necessary for our brains to
function at their best possible state. Also, consider getting your
crock pots out and cook vegetables and meats together so that
instead of boiling foods and throwing out the water that now
contains the vitamins that were once in the vegetables, these
nutrients stay in the sauce and will be consumed by you and your
family. Consider some simple dishes such as corned beef (remove
extra fats) and cabbage with carrots, or stews with tomatoes and
beef this winter. To read more Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A.,
Mykletun, A., Williams, L.J., Hodge, A.M., OReilly, S. L.,
Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2010).
Association of Western and traditional diets with depression and
anxiety in women. Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;167(3):305-11. Epub
2010 Jan 4. E Johali62CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 63
- Can We Modify Kids Behaviors E Johali63CMED 303 - CNHB
2014
- Slide 64
- Healthy Behavior 100 Life Saving Health Food Tips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe
ature=results_video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe
ature=results_video (Watch and Make Summary 2-3 slides) End of
Course 100 Life Saving Health Food Tips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe
ature=results_video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe
ature=results_video (Watch and Make Summary 2-3 slides) End of
Course The Most 10 Islamic Mysteries (Secrets) of Human Behavior
that science did not and cannot explain
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-
news/5981311/The-10-mysteries-of-human-behaviour-
that-science-cant-explain.html See Johali Academic Site
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-
news/5981311/The-10-mysteries-of-human-behaviour-
that-science-cant-explain.html Treat Depressed \Anxious With
Natural Nutrition (herbals ) I don't get depressed or anxious with
my herbals! Human Behavior by Nouman Ali Khan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCU16GM_Y6o E Johali64CMED 303 -
CNHB 2014
- Slide 65
- Promoting Health And Wellbeing. Positive - Negative And
Holistic Health
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVUtb7_wdbg&feature=related what
is holistic health what to look for in a good practitioner,where to
find a qualified holistic health practitioner
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chO6J6vSgYw&feature=related E
Johali65CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 66
- Doctors report that the child would never be able to play any
physically exerting sport the child grows to be the fittest athlete
in the world How did the parents define the situation? How did the
child define the situation? How did it influence their behavior?
Doctors report that the child would never be able to play any
physically exerting sport the child grows to be the fittest athlete
in the world How did the parents define the situation? How did the
child define the situation? How did it influence their behavior?
CASE STUDIES With HuCOM If there is a time E Johali66
- Slide 67
- References Miracles of Hadith - 360 joints in the human body -
Behavioral Nutrition in
http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionnhttp://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionn
- The Psychology of Nutrition
http://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/thehttp://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/the
-
http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm
-
http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm
http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23-
Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati
on http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23-
Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati
on Miracles of Hadith - 360 joints in the human body - Behavioral
Nutrition in
http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionnhttp://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionn
- The Psychology of Nutrition
http://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/thehttp://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/the
-
http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm
-
http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm
http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23-
Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati
on http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23-
Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati
on Chapter 3 Mainstreams of Organizational Thought This Multimedia
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Multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright
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Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in
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the program. E Johali67CMED 303 - CNHB 2014
- Slide 68