E19.2174 Cognitive Science and Educational Technology I

E19.2174 E19.2174 Cognitive Science and Cognitive Science and

Educational Technology IEducational Technology I

E19.2174 E19.2174 Cognitive Science and Cognitive Science and

Educational Technology IEducational Technology IJan L. Plass, Ruth Schwartz, & Hyuksoon

Song, ECT

OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview

Reducing Extraneous Processing

Modality PrincipleCoherence PrincipleContiguity PrincipleSignaling Principle

Interaction DesignInteraction DesignInteraction DesignInteraction Design

Interaction DesignInteraction DesignInteraction DesignInteraction Design

Club Marian • Maid Marian

Interaction DesignInteraction DesignInteraction DesignInteraction Design

Class ActivityClass ActivityClass ActivityClass ActivityExtraneous Processing (60 min.)

Working in groups of 3-4, prepare a presentation of one of the extraneous load-reducing principles:

Define the principle and list research supporting it,Describe the cognitive processes on which the principle is based (use CL Theory to describe how cognitive load is affected),Find an example of an application or violation of the principle,Prepare a materials in which you demonstrate either the application or violation of the principle in your own presentation.

Groups1–modality, 2–coherence, 3–contiguity, 4–signaling

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Modality Principle

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Modality PrincipleDefinition

For animations, narration is more effective than on-screen text IF it is essential for understandingRationale: off-load information from visual to auditory channel

Research SupportMayer & Moreno, 1998; Moreno & Mayer, 1999, Moreno, Mayer, Spires, & Lester, 2001; Brünken, Steinbacher, Plass, & Leutner, 2002; Brünken, Plass, & Leutner, 2004 (review: Low & Sweller, 2005)

Example WISE-MD Modules for Surgery Education (NYU)– http://wise-md.med.nyu.edu/

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Modality Principle WISE-MD Modules for Surgery Education (NYU)– http://wise-

md.med.nyu.edu/

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Coherence Principle

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Coherence PrincipleDefinition

Exclude rather than include extraneous material in a multimedia presentation

Research SupportMayer et al., 1996; Harp & Mayer, 1997, 1998; Moreno & Mayer, 2000, Mayer et al., 2001 (Review: Mayer, 2005)

ExampleVirtual Knee Surgery Site– http://edheads.org/activities/knee/

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Contiguity Principle

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Contiguity Principle (spatial, temporal)

Definitioncorresponding information should be presented near one another in time (temporal) and space (spatial contiguity)

Research SupportMayer, 1989; Sweller et al., 1990; Chandler & Sweller, 1991; Mayer at al., 1995; Tindall-Ford et al., 1997; Moreno & Mayer, 1999 (Review: Mayer, 2005)

ExampleHow the heart works - NHLBI–http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Signaling Principle

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Signaling PrincipleDefinition

Add cues to highlight the organization of the essential material

Research SupportHarp & Mayer, 1998; Mautone & Mayer, 2001; de Koning, Tabbers, Rikers, & Paas, 2007; Lowe, 2003 (Review: Mayer, 2005)

ExampleBBC Science and Nature: Human Body & Mind–http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Signaling Principle BBC Science and

Nature–http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Reducing Extraneous Reducing Extraneous ProcessingProcessing

Signaling Principle 3D Brain Anatomy (PBS)–

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/