Social Cognitive Theory (I)

EDU 330: Educational Psychology

Daniel Moos

Social Cognitive Theory: Relating to Behaviorism

Behaviorism: Key conceptsTriadic Reciprocal Causation Model

Self-efficacy

Self-regulation

Self-control

Self-efficacy: Introduction

Self-efficacy: Judgment about one’s capability to organize and complete a course of action required to accomplish a specific task (Bandura, 1986, 1997)

In your experience, what factors affect students’ self-efficacy?

Self-efficacy: Sources

Self-efficacy: Developmental Issues

• Students’ perceptions of academic competence generally declines as they advance through school

• Increased competition, less teacher attention, more norm-referenced grading, ability grouping

• Transitional Influences

• Movement from homeroom based to advisory role

• Role of peers

• Peer networks & model similarity

• Changes in self-appraisal skills

Self-efficacy: Effects (I)High Self-efficacy Low Self-efficacy

Task Orientation

Effort

Persistence

Accept challenging tasks

Expend high effort when faced with challenging tasks

Persist when goals are not initially reached

Avoid challenging tasks

Expend low effort when faced with challenging task

Give up when goals are not initially reached

Self-efficacy: Effects (II)High Self-efficacy Low Self-efficacy

Beliefs

Strategy Use

Performance

Believe they will succeed

Discard unproductive strategies

Perform higher than low self-efficacy students of equal ability

Focus on feelings of incompetence

Persist with unproductive strategies

Perform lower than high-efficacy students of equal ability

The Components ofa Self-Regulatory System, 1 view

SRL: Thoughts, feelings, or actions purposely generated and controlled by student to maximize learning of knowledge and skills for a given task and set of conditions

Forethought Phase Task analysis Self-motivational beliefs

Performance Phase Self-control Self-observation

Self-Reflection Phase Self-judgment Self-reaction

PHASES

Cognition Motivation Behavior Context

Planning

Monitoring

Control

Reaction &

Reflection

Prior knowledge activationMetacognitive monitoringSelection of strategies

Task interest

Strategy selection for managing motivation

Time and effort planningMonitoring of time, effort

Perception of task/contextMonitoring changing context

Evaluate task/context

AREAS

Monitoring of motivation

Cognitive judgments

Affective reactions

Behavioral strategies, such as help-seekingBehavioral reflection

Contextual choices

(Azevedo; Moos; Pintrich; Winne & Hadwin; Zimmerman)(Azevedo; Moos; Pintrich; Winne & Hadwin; Zimmerman)

The Components ofa Self-Regulatory System, 2nd view

Using SRL Theory in Research (I)

SRLN = 27

Planningn = 3 `

Strategy Use

n = 13

Monitoringn = 11

Recycle GoalsPlan

Set sub-goalTake notesRead notesSummarize

Make an inferenceActivate prior

knowledgeMemorizeRe-read...

Content Evaluation(+)

Content Evaluation(-)

Feeling of Knowing(+)Feeling of Knowing(-)

Time MonitoringJudgment of

LearningMonitoring Progress...

Using SRL Theory in Research (II)

Coded Think-Aloud Transcription: Example

StrategyStrategyStrategy

Monitoring

Strategy

Strategy

Strategy Total Mean

Summarizing 301 12.04

Taking Notes 266 10.64

Re-reading 116 4.64

COIS 30 1.20

Inference 25 1.00

Reading Notes 18 0.72

Drawing 11 0.44

Mnemonics 9 0.36

The Components ofa Self-Regulatory System, cont.

To what extent do students self-regulate their learning?

Monitoring Total Mean

JOL 98 3.92

CE 54 2.16

MUS 16 0.64

MPTG 4 0.16

Planning Total Mean

PKA 29 1.16

Sub-Goals 3 0.12

Plan 2 0.08

Strategy Use:

Summarization: 12.04

Take Notes: 10.64

To what extent do students self-regulate their learning?

The Components ofa Self-Regulatory System, cont.

What is a new example of …? How would you use … to …? What would happen if …? What are the strengths and

weaknesses of …? What do we already know

about …? How does … tie in with what

we learned before? Explain why… Explain how… How does … affect …?

What is the meaning of …? Why is … important? What is the difference between

… and …? How are … and … similar? What is the best …, and why? What are some possible

solutions to the problem of …? Compare … and … with regard

to …? How does … cause …? What do you think causes…?

The Components ofa Self-Regulatory System, cont.

How can we support students’ development of SRL?

The Componentsof a Learning Strategy Metacognition Analysis Planning Implementation of the Plan Monitoring of Progress Modification

How can we support students’ development of SRL?

The Components ofa Self-Regulatory System, cont.