Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build...

Energy in a Cell

All Cells Need Energy

Cells need energy to:

– Make new molecules.

– Build membranes and organelles.

– Move molecules in and out of the cell.

– Move.

Autotrophs (producers)

Organisms that make their own food Use light energy from the sun to make food

Example: PLANTS

Heterotrophs (consumers)

Organisms that get energy from the foods they eat

Example: ANIMALS

NOT a flashcard.

Where Does A Cell Get Energy?

Food is broken down to a form the cell can use.

Extra energy is stored in an ATP molecule.

ATPAdenosine triphosphate is a

molecule made up of– adenine

– ribose

– 3 phosphate groups.

Adenine

Ribose (ENERGY STORED HERE!)

ADPAdenosine diphosphate. Made up of

– adenine– ribose– 2 phosphate groups.

Adenine

Ribose

How Does ATP Work?Energy is stored in the bond between

the second and third phosphate group.

When the bond is broken, energy is released and ADP is formed.

Adenine

Ribose

Storing EnergyEnergy is stored by the cell when 1

phosphate is added to the end of an ADP molecule forming ATP.

Adenine

Ribose

Adenine

Ribose

2 Ways to make ENERGY!

1. Photosynthesis – takes place in the chloroplasts.

2. Cellular Respiration – takes place in the mitochondria.

Photosynthesis

Autotrophs make their own food by trapping light energy and converting it to carbohydrates.

Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

The O2 released by photosynthesis is made from the oxygen in water.

Plants produce O2 gas by splitting water

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

NOT a flashcard.

Cellular RespirationThe process of breaking down

food molecules to release energy.

Occurs in the mitochondria.

Equation:C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

Compare The Equations!

Photosynthesis:

Cellular Respiration:

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

NOT a flashcard.

Two Types of Respiration

Aerobic Respiration– requires oxygen.

Anaerobic Respiration– requires an absence of oxygen.

The End

Any questions?

Anaerobic RespirationTwo types:

– Fermentation – occurs when bacteria break down plants (vegetables and fruit) and release alcohol or vinegar.

– Lactic Acid Fermentation – occurs in muscles – a buildup of lactic acid causes soreness.

Sunlight

Photo-System

Photo-system

ADPNADPHATP

CalvinCO2

NAD+ NADH

ElectronTransportSystem

CitricAcid

CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIAATP

Glycolysis

Glucose Pyruvate

NOT a flashcard.

ChemosynthesisSome autotrophs can convert

inorganic substances to energy.Most are adapted to live in conditions

where there is no oxygen.– Digestive tracts of mammals– Lake sediments– Marshes– Deep in the ocean

NOT a flashcard.

The End

Any questions?

Photosynthesis in a picture!

NOT a flashcard.

Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build...

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