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1-3 Notes – 1-3 Notes – Cells & Cells & Energy Energy Chapter 1, Lesson 3

1-3 Notes – Cells & Energy Chapter 1, Lesson 3. Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration transforms stored energy in food molecules into usable energy

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1-3 Notes – 1-3 Notes – Cells & Cells & EnergyEnergy

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration• Cellular respiration transforms stored energy in Cellular respiration transforms stored energy in

food molecules into usable energy in molecules food molecules into usable energy in molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

• Takes place in BOTH plants and animals.Takes place in BOTH plants and animals.

Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration• Step 1 is called glycolysis. Step 1 is called glycolysis.

– Takes place in the cytoplasmTakes place in the cytoplasm– A glucose molecule is broken down A glucose molecule is broken down

using energyusing energy– Two smaller molecules and electrons are Two smaller molecules and electrons are

releasedreleased

Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration• Step 2 Step 2

– Takes place in the mitochondria.Takes place in the mitochondria.– Smaller molecules break down. Smaller molecules break down. – More electrons are released.More electrons are released.

Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration• Step 3 Step 3

– Takes place in the mitochondria.Takes place in the mitochondria.– Requires oxygen.Requires oxygen.– ATP is produced.ATP is produced.– Water is released.Water is released.

Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration• CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 → ATP + 6H → ATP + 6H22O + 6COO + 6CO22

glucose glucose ++ oxygen oxygen → energy→ energy ++ water water ++ carbon dioxide carbon dioxide

• Energy is either transported to other parts of the cell Energy is either transported to other parts of the cell wherever it is needed or released as heat.wherever it is needed or released as heat.

• Carbon dioxide is released from the cell.Carbon dioxide is released from the cell.

FermentationFermentationOccurs in cytoplasm only.Occurs in cytoplasm only.

Does not use oxygen.Does not use oxygen.

Produces fewer ATP molecules compared Produces fewer ATP molecules compared to cellular respiration. to cellular respiration.

2 types: lactic acid and alcohol.2 types: lactic acid and alcohol.

FermentationFermentationLactic acid fermentation Lactic acid fermentation – When our muscle cells run out of When our muscle cells run out of

oxygen, they can use this to still oxygen, they can use this to still produce energy.produce energy.

– It uses glucose and produces It uses glucose and produces lactic acid and carbon dioxide.lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

– Lactic acid fermentation is used Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of cheese and in the production of cheese and yogurt.yogurt.

FermentationFermentationAlcohol fermentationAlcohol fermentation– One-celled fungi called yeast use One-celled fungi called yeast use

this to produce energy.this to produce energy.

– Uses glucose and produces Uses glucose and produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.ethanol and carbon dioxide.

– Produces fewer ATP molecules Produces fewer ATP molecules than lactic acid fermentation.than lactic acid fermentation.

– Used in baking bread.Used in baking bread.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis• Some organisms use photosynthesis to

make food using a light source.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis• Objects reflect some colors and absorb

others.

• Chloroplasts in plants contain the pigment chlorophyll that reflects green light.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis• Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and

other pigments in the chloroplasts.– In photosynthesis, light energy, water, and

carbon dioxide are used to make sugar.– Oxygen is released into the atmosphere

during photosynthesis.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon + water + energy → glucose +oxygendioxide

• The energy from the glucose is either used immediately, or stored for later use.

• The oxygen is released through the leaves.

During the spring and summer leaves serve as factories where most of the foods necessary for the tree's growth are manufactured. The process, known as photosynthesis; takes place in the leaf in numerous cells containing chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color. Along with the green pigment are yellow to orange pigments; carotenes and xanthophyll, however most of the year these colors are masked by great amounts of chlorophyll. In autumn, because of the changes in daylight hours and changes in temperature the leaves stop photosynthesizing and hence the chlorophyll breaks down. The green color disappears, and the yellow and orange colors become visible. At the same time, other chemical changes may occur, which form additional colors through the development of red anthocyanin pigments.

Eventually the tree sheds the leaves to save nutrients and prevent loss of water, the leaves then rot and return to the soil as organic matter.

Glycolysis is part of what process?

A cellular respiration

B lactic acid fermentation

C alcohol fermentation

D photosynthesis

1.3 Cells and Energy

What makes leaves appear green?

A water

B carbon dioxide

C glucose

D chlorophyll

1.3 Cells and Energy

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A cytoplasm

B mitochondria

C chloroplasts

D muscles

1.3 Cells and Energy

What is required for fermentation?

A oxygen

B glucose

C lactic acid

D carbon dioxide