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8/11/2019 First Aid for Various Injuries and Accidents.
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First Aid for Various
Injuries and Accidents
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First Aid Cabinet
Should be placed visibly and conveniently.Should contain the following items:
Assorted size bandages (not less than 6)Sterile gauze (not less than 6)Cotton wool (1 roll)
Adhesive plaster (1 roll) A bottle of analgesic (e.g. aspirin) A towel and soap An eye wash bottle
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An antiseptic (iodine solution)250ml solution of the following:
1 % acetic acid
1% sodium bicarbonate1% boric acid1% ammonium hydroxide3% copper sulphate solution
A bottle of milk of magnesia
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A checklist of all items should beattached in the box
All items should be clearly and properly
labeledPrescription of the solution and directionfor its use must accompany the label
All items must be checked regularly
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First Aid Procedures
Burns
1.Heat Burns Immerse burnt area in very cold water until
pain is relieved
If burn causes wound, cover area withsterile gauze to prevent infection
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2. Chemical Burns
Flush burnt area with large quantities ofwater for at least 15 minutesSeek medical attention
Small Burns Acids wash with water. Apply 1% sodium
bicarbonate solution. Wash with wateragain
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Alkalis same as for acids but use 1% aceticacid instead of bicarbonate solution
Bromine wash with water then apply diluteammonia ( 1 part to 15 parts water )
Sodium and potassium remove the metal withtongs and then float in water for 20 minutes.Dry and cover with sterile gauze
Phosphorus wash with water then bathe in3% copper sulphate solution. Cover with wet
dressing.
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Cuts, Wounds and Fractures
If cut is slight and bleeding is not profuse:Remove dirt / glass. Wash under running
water. Apply a clean, dry sterile gauze.Go to hospital for stitches if necessary
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If bleeding is copious : Apply a large compress and with direct
pressure on the wound
Wounds:
Dont bandage tightly
Fracture :
Do not move the victimTreat for bleeding and shockWhen victim is to be transferred,
improvise a splint support
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Eye Injuries
Wash eye with plenty of waterDo not use water if a foreign material likeglass is in the eye
Do not try to remove foreign material inthe eyeCall for the doctor immediately
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Shock
Symptoms:PalenessCold
Moist skin with perspiration on theforehead and palmsVomitingShallow breathingTrembling
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Treatment:
The patient should be down with head lowerthan the body, kept warm and stillKeep the victims airway open
If he vomits turn his head on one side sothat the neck is arched
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Electric Shock
Switch of the current supplyStand on the insulated material (like rubbershoes / use rubber gloves / use a broom )
and push victim from the current sourceStart artificial respiration immediatelyKeep the victim warm using blanket
Call for the doctor
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Fainting
Lie the victim down in the openLoosen all clothing especially the collarPlace his head between his knees until it
flushes redSmelling salt should be useWhen conscious, give some cold water
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Poisoning
Poison in mouth:Split it out immediatelyWash with plenty of water
Send for a doctor at once
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Poison swallowed:If the victim conscious give 2 to 4 glasses
of water or milkInduce vomitingGive an emetic such as soap suds
Repeat until vomited fluid is clearDo not induce vomiting when poisoning isdue to strong acid or alkalis orhydrocarbonGive an demulcent like egg white, a glassof milk or a teaspoon of mineral oil
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Inhaled Poison
Remove patient to fresh airKeep the patient warm and restedIf breathing stop, begin the back pressurearm lift method of artificial respiration
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Poison By Skin Contact
Remove all form of contactRun water trough the affected area withplenty of soapNever apply antidotes such as alkali toacid and vice versa
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Methods Of Artificial Respiration
Mouth to Mouth MethodInspect the mouth and remove anyobstructions (e.g. dentures)Place victim on his back and loosen tightclothingTilting the head back raising the chinInsert your left thumb in the mouth, grasp
the lower jaw, lift it forcibly upwards andforwards
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Hold the lower jaw up and close the victimsnostrils by pinching with the finger
Breath in, open your mouth wide and placetightly over the victims mouth Blow gently and watch the chest rise
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Remove your mouth
Repeat blowing at the rate of 12 breathsper minuteIf no air exchange, turn the victim on his
sideGive several sharp slap between theshoulder blades to dislodge foreignmatterRemove obstructionRepeat process
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Arm Lift Back Pressure Method
Place the victim in the face down positionFold the arm and placed hands on the top ofeach other
Turn victims face on one side with the cheekupon his hand
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Kneel at the headPlace your hands under the arm just
above the elbows and lift themupwards
At the same time rocking yourselfbackwards drawing the arm towardsyou until you meet firm resistanceand tension
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Replace the arm on thefloorMove your hand to the mid-back just below theshoulder bladesRock forward with yourarms stiff and exertingpressureRepeat procedure ifrequired
Repeat the cycle for 12times per minute at a auniform rate
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