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HistologyHistology
of theof the
EndocrineEndocrineSystemSystem
Ma. Minda Luz M. Manuguid,Ma. Minda Luz M. Manuguid,
M.D.M.D.
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Endocrine glandsEndocrine glands
PituitaryPituitary
HypothalamusHypothalamus
Pineal glandPineal gland
ThymusThymusThyroidThyroid
ParathyroidParathyroid
PancreasPancreasAdrenalAdrenal
GonadsGonads
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Hypophysis cerebri /Hypophysis cerebri /
Pituitary glandPituitary gland
Somewhat mushroom-shaped, measuresSomewhat mushroom-shaped, measures
1.5 x 1 x 0.5 cm; located at the base of the1.5 x 1 x 0.5 cm; located at the base of the
brain in a basin-like depression, thebrain in a basin-like depression, the sellasella
turcica,turcica, in a deep recess of the sphenoidin a deep recess of the sphenoidbone,bone,& is covered by a part of the dura& is covered by a part of the dura
mater, themater, the diaphragma sellaediaphragma sellae
Is considered the master control gland Is considered the master control gland
it regulates BMR, the other endocrineit regulates BMR, the other endocrineglands, & the overall growth of the body.glands, & the overall growth of the body.
It is itself regulated by negative controlIt is itself regulated by negative control
feedback from other endocrine glandsfeedback from other endocrine glands
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PituitaryPituitary
Adenohypophysis Adenohypophysis
anterior lobe:anterior lobe:
**acidophilsac
idophils::
somatotropessomatotropes secretesecreteGH;GH; lactotropeslactotropes //
mammotropesmammotropes secretesecrete
ProlactinProlactin
**basophilsbaso
phils:: coticotropescoticotropessecrete ACTH & LPHsecrete ACTH & LPH
(precursor to MSH);(precursor to MSH);
gonadotropesgonadotropes secretesecrete
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PituitaryPituitary
NeurohypophysisNeurohypophysisposterior lobe: *posterior lobe: *parsparsnervosanervosa infundibular infundibularprocess containprocess contain HerringHerring
bodiesbodies (markedly(markedlydistended axon terminals)distended axon terminals)&&pituicytespituicytes neuroglial neuroglialcellscells **infundibular steminfundibular stem
**median eminencemedian eminence --part of thepart of the tubertubercinereum (part of the 3cinereum (part of the 3rdrd
ventricle of the brain)ventricle of the brain)
SecreteSecreteADH /ADH /
VasopressinVasopressin,, OxytocinOxytocin, &, &
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Hypothalamic PituitaryHypothalamic Pituitary
connectionsconnections
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Hypothalamic NucleiHypothalamic Nuclei
Medial AreaMedial Area Lateral AreaLateral AreaAnteriorAnterior
MedialMedial preopticpreoptic nucleusnucleus LateralLateralpreoptic nucleuspreoptic nucleusSupraopticSupraoptic nucleusnucleus LateralLateralnucleusnucleusParaventricularParaventricular nucleusnucleus part ofpart ofSupraoptic nucleusSupraoptic nucleusAnterior hypothalamic nucleusAnterior hypothalamic nucleusSuprachiasmaticSuprachiasmatic nucleusnucleus
TuberalTuberal DorsomedialDorsomedial nucleusnucleus LateralLateralnucleusnucleusVentromedialVentromedial nucleusnucleus LateralLateraltuberal nucleituberal nuclei
ArcuateArcuate nucleusnucleus PosteriorPosterior
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleus8/14/2019 His to en Doc
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Epiphysis cerebri/Pineal GlandEpiphysis cerebri/Pineal Gland
7 x 4 mm, 100-150 mg.,7 x 4 mm, 100-150 mg.,
located above the thirdlocated above the third
ventricle of the brain;ventricle of the brain;
connected to the brain by theconnected to the brain by the
pineal stalkpineal stalk
PinealocytesPinealocytes large large
polymorphic nuclei,polymorphic nuclei,
conspicuous nuclearconspicuous nuclear
indentations, one or moreindentations, one or moreprominent nucleoli; short thinprominent nucleoli; short thin
process ends on adjacentprocess ends on adjacent
pinealocyte, longer one endspinealocyte, longer one ends
near space around bloodnear space around bloodvessels; secrete Melatoninvessels; secrete Melatonin
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ThymusThymus
CortexCortex lymphocyteslymphocytes
MedullaMedulla reticular reticular
cells cells secretesecreteThymosinThymosin, a, a
lymphokine thatlymphokine that
mediatesmediates
lymphocytelymphocytedifferentiationdifferentiation
HassallsHassalls
corpusclescorpuscles also also
thymicthymic
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Thyroid & Parathyroid Thyroid & Parathyroid
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ThyroidThyroid
Follicular cellsFollicular cells --
cuboidal, secretecuboidal, secrete
T3T3 && T4(thyroxine)T4(thyroxine)
stored asstored asthyroglobulin.thyroglobulin.
(thyroid follicles(thyroid follicles
are lined byare lined by
cuboidal cells, withcuboidal cells, witha homogenousa homogenous
hyaline material-hyaline material-
ColloidColloid - within the- within the
lumen)lumen)
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ParathyroidParathyroid
Chief cellsChief cells --
roughly polygonalroughly polygonal
with clearwith clear
cytoplasm- secretecytoplasm- secretePTH /PTH /
parathormone /parathormone /
parathyroidparathyroid
hormonehormone..Oxyphil cellsOxyphil cells
Other cellsOther cells
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Adrenal glandAdrenal gland
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PancreasPancreas
Retroperitoneal, lies behind the stomach;Retroperitoneal, lies behind the stomach;~100 gm.; head, uncinate process (right~100 gm.; head, uncinate process (rightside), body, tail extending to the leftside), body, tail extending to the left
Exocrine portionExocrine portion: lobes & lobules acini;: lobes & lobules acini;comprise more than 80% of the pancreaticcomprise more than 80% of the pancreaticsubstance: round acini of pyramidal cells;substance: round acini of pyramidal cells;ducts lined by simple cuboidal epitheliumducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
Endocrine portionEndocrine portion:: islets ofislets ofLangerhans-Langerhans----- cells secretecells secrete glucagonglucagon;; cells secretecells secrete InsulinInsulin;; cells secretecells secretesomatostatinsomatostatin& VIP& VIP
C cells, EC cellsC cells, EC cells - secrete- secrete serotoninserotonin && PPPPcellscells - secrete- secrete ancreatic ol e tideancreatic ol e tide
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The Gonads: Ovary & TestisThe Gonads: Ovary & Testis
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TestisTestis
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The Graafian FollicleThe Graafian Follicle
OocyteOocyte
FollicularFollicular
epitheliumepithelium Granulosa cellsGranulosa cells Theca internaTheca interna Theca externaTheca externa
AntrumAntrum
Liquor folliculiLiquor folliculi
Zona pellucidaZona pellucida
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Corpus luteum & CorpusCorpus luteum & Corpus
albicansalbicans
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Thank YouThank You
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