INDEPENDENT READING/CORNELL NOTES -Use COLOR and DRAWINGS (including arrows/circles) to HIGHLIGHT...

INDEPENDENT READING/CORNELL NOTES

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6.4 BUILDING BLOCK of LIFEWHAT YOU’LL LEARN:-4 major groups of biological macromolecules-functions of each group of biological macromolecules

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

-study of organic compounds-the compounds that contain carbon = organic

PROBLEM/Q: _PROBLEM/Q: _____________________________________________________

Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules

MAIN IDEA:

ORGANIC CHEMISTRYORGANIC

CHEMISTRYIDENTIFY # valence electrons in carbon atom.____

DETERMINE: # covalent bonds carbon can form ____

CALCULATE: What % of the outer energy level is full? __________________

EXPLAIN:

4

4

50%

4/8 = 1/2 = 50%

outer energy level holds up to 8 electrons—4 of 8 is 50%

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

straight chain molecules

branched molecules

ring molecules

-Diversity of life due to many different carbon structures

-in the form of:

MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULES

polymers

monomers

-large molecules formed by…

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

joining smaller organic molecules

-repeating units of nearly or identical monomers-linked by series of covalent bonds

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESCARBOHYDRATES

monosaccharides

disaccharides

polysaccharides

-general formula:

-simple sugars

-2 ______________________ linked together

-longer chains of _____________________________

CALCULATE: If a monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it have? ________

8

-monosaccharides

CH2O

-carbohydrate molecules

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESLIPIDS

saturated fats

unsaturated fats

steroids

IDENTIFY the key characteristics of lipids that enables them to keep unwanted substances from penetrating cell membranes. ________________Non-polar -do not dissolve in

water

-single bonds between carbons-no more bonds can form

-at least 1 double bond between carbons-can form at least 1 other bond w/hydrogen-cholesterol—starting pt for vitamin D-hormones— important for gender/reproductive functions

-fats/oils/waxes

FATS

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESPROTEIN

STRUCTURES

amino acids 

DRAW CONCLUSIONS: What protein function suggests most enzymes are proteins?

-made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sometimes sulfur-20 different amino acids

-made of small compounds called amino acids

-speed up chemical reactions

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESNUCLEIC

ACIDS 

nucleotides

 DRAW CONCLUSIONS: What group of macromolecules do you think DNA belongs?

-nucleic acids

-small units make up nucleic acids-made up of 3 subunits:

-nitrogen base-phosphate-ribose sugar

-macromolecules store/transmit genetic info

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

lipids

CH2O

carbohydrates

DNA

nucleic acids

amino acids

nucleotides

-fatty acid tails

CIRCLE each nucleotide grouping

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

TRUE/FALSE1-Carbon atoms can bond together in straight

chains, branched chains or rings.2-Large molecules containing carbon atoms are

called micromolecules.3-Polymers are molecules made from repeating

units of identical organic compounds that are linked together by hydrogen bonds.

4-Carbon is a component of almost all biological substances.

5-Macromolecules can be organized into vitamins, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW

TRUE

FALSE-macromolecules

FALSE- covalent TRUE

FALSE- carbohydrates

COOPERATIVE LEARNINGLAB GROUP(3-5 students)-working TOGETHER as a cooperative group to COMPLETE TASK-EVERY TEAM MEMBER has a job and participates EQUALLY

1-READ THROUGH EACH TASK (silently or together)

2-DISCUSS (use POSITIVE communication)3-ANSWER4-MOVE ON (only when ALL team members

understand)QUESTIONS ?’s -each other CLARIFICATION-Asking Mrs. Schlatter for clarification NOT answers.FYI-discussion within COLORED group ONLY

EVALUATE: the number of molecules of eachelement in the carbohydrate described by

theformula: (CH2O)6

carbon _____ hydrogen _____ oxygen _____

-ratio of C/H/O: _________________

-type of carbohydrates

6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

-monosaccharide

6 12

6

1:2:1

LABEL the diagrams:

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

saturated unsaturated

LABEL the diagrams:

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

LABEL the diagrams:

DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW

DATA ANALYSIS1-IDENTIFY the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

2-IDENTIFY the DEPENDENT VARIABLE

3-DESCRIBE the effects soluble fiber appears to have on cholesterol levels in the blood.

DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW

diet

cholesterol levels

-lowers cholesterol levels-lowers male levels more than females

SUPPLIES:-hot plate-test tube tongs-beakers 50mL 250mL 600mL-3 test tubes-2 plastic cups

6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB

-benedicts solution--sugar-*iodine--starch

-paper sack--lipids

-biuret solution--protein

TEST INDICATORS

-*place iodine on petri dish outside of tray—will stain skin/clothes/plastic

LAB: MURDER and a MEALPre-LAB TESTS:1-LIPID: 1 drop of oil on paper sack2-CARB/SUGAR: corn starch in benedict

solution/heat 3-CARB/STARCH: iodine on cracker4-PROTEIN: biuret solution on egg white

6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB

test tubeplastic cup

small 50 mL beaker

paper towel

LAB: MURDER and a MEALLAB TESTS: unknown stomach contents1-LIPID: paper sack2-CARB/SUGAR: benedict solution/heat 3-CARB/STARCH: iodine4-PROTEIN: biuret solution

6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB

test tube

plastic cup

small 50 mL beaker

paper towel

CLEAN UP: -turn off hot plates-dump all food in trash-wash all equipment/return to lab trays

-use test tube brush to clean test tubes-leave iodine on petri dish outside of tray

SUPPLIES:-hot plate-test tube tongs-beakers 50mL 250mL 600mL-3 test tubes-2 plastic cups

6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB

-benedicts solution--sugar-*iodine--starch-paper sack--lipids

-biuret solution--protein

-lids on TEST INDICATORS/return to lab trays

-*place iodine on petri dish outside of tray—will stain skin/clothes/plastic