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Integumentary SystemIntegumentary SystemChapter 36Chapter 36
Section 3Section 3
NotesNotes
KeysKeys
Lecture Outline – Integumentary SystemPowerPoint Notes
textbook questions
FunctionsFunctions1.1. Covers and Covers and
protects the bodyprotects the body
What does the skin What does the skin protect us from?protect us from?– PathogensPathogens– InjuryInjury– Ultra-violet Ultra-violet
radiationradiation
FunctionsFunctions2. 2. Regulate body Regulate body
temperaturetemperatureHow does it How does it
regulate regulate temperature?temperature?– SweatingSweating– Dilate/constrict Dilate/constrict
of blood vesselsof blood vessels– Goose bumps Goose bumps
FunctionsFunctions
3. Excretes Waste3. Excretes Waste
WhatWhat
wastes are wastes are
excreted?excreted?
Urea Urea
as sweatas sweatsubcutaneous
FunctionsFunctions
4. Reduces water loss4. Reduces water loss
Keeps the body from drying out!Keeps the body from drying out!
FunctionsFunctions
5. Houses sensory receptors5. Houses sensory receptorsMechano Chemo
Photo
Chemo
Mechano
There are 2 main layers of skinThere are 2 main layers of skinI. Epidermis
II. Dermis
Deadkeratinocytes
Lamellar granules
Keratinocyte
Langerhans cell
Melanocyte
Merkel cell
Tactile disc
Sensory neuron
Stratumcorneum
Stratumlucidum
Stratumgranulosum
Stratumspinosum
Stratumbasale
Dermis
EpidermisEpidermis
Outer (surface) Outer (surface) layers of skinlayers of skin10-30 cells thick10-30 cells thick
Two Parts:Two Parts:
Inner part Inner part composed of composed of living cells living cells
Outer part Outer part is is of dead cellsof dead cells
Epidermis – Inner layersEpidermis – Inner layersLowest layer of cells Lowest layer of cells
reproduce and reproduce and push older cells push older cells toward the surface.toward the surface.
As cells near the As cells near the surface, they surface, they flatten and their flatten and their organelle organelle disintegratedisintegrate
Epidermis – Inner layersEpidermis – Inner layers
These cells also These cells also begin producing begin producing KeratinKeratin a tough, a tough, fibrous protein.fibrous protein.
This replaces This replaces cytoplasm. cytoplasm.
Epidermis – Outer layersEpidermis – Outer layersThe Keratin producing The Keratin producing
cells die as they cells die as they move toward the move toward the surface.surface.
Outer dead layer Outer dead layer waterproofs and waterproofs and protects inner layersprotects inner layers
It is shed continually It is shed continually and is completely and is completely replaced in 2 - 4 replaced in 2 - 4 weeksweeks
EpidermisEpidermisWhat do we find in the epidermis?What do we find in the epidermis?
MelanocytesMelanocytesWhat are melanocytes?What are melanocytes?
Cells that produce melanin.Cells that produce melanin.What is melanin?What is melanin?
A dark brown pigmentA dark brown pigmentWhat does melanin do?What does melanin do?
Gives skin it’s colorGives skin it’s colorProtects sensitive dermis from U-V radiationProtects sensitive dermis from U-V radiation
EpidermisEpidermisMelanocytesMelanocytes
Do some people havemore melanocytesthan other people?
EpidermisEpidermisSkin pigmentation is Skin pigmentation is
due to the type and due to the type and amount of melanin amount of melanin producedproduced
EumelaninEumelanin produces produces darker pigmentsdarker pigments
PhaeomelaninPhaeomelanin produces lighter produces lighter pigments and pigments and frecklesfreckles
These often occur These often occur together in varying together in varying amountsamounts
Melanocyte
DermisDermis
Deeper layers of skinDeeper layers of skin
10-20 times thicker10-20 times thicker
than epidermis.than epidermis.
Top layer arrangedTop layer arranged
In ridges.In ridges.
Why are thereWhy are there
ridges?ridges?
Dermis
DermisDermisRidges help the Ridges help the
epidermis bind to the epidermis bind to the
dermis.dermis.
The uneven ridgesThe uneven ridges
create fingerprintscreate fingerprints
Dermis
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
1. Hair follicles – tube-like depression 1. Hair follicles – tube-like depression where the hair developswhere the hair develops
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
2. Sebaceous glands – secret oily 2. Sebaceous glands – secret oily sebum to soften and waterproof skinsebum to soften and waterproof skin
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
3. Nails – protective covers of ends of 3. Nails – protective covers of ends of fingers and toes.fingers and toes.
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
4. Sweat glands:4. Sweat glands:– secrete wastesecrete waste– regulate heatregulate heat– produces ear waxproduces ear wax– produces milk during lactationproduces milk during lactation
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
5. Blood vessels – to nourish skin cells5. Blood vessels – to nourish skin cells
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
6. Nerves – to send and receive 6. Nerves – to send and receive messagesmessages
Subcutaneous
Accessory Organs of the DermisAccessory Organs of the Dermis
7. Erector pilli muscle7. Erector pilli muscle
--smooth musclesmooth muscle
-causes-causes
““goosebumps”goosebumps”
-causes-causes
hair to hair to
stand erectstand erectsubcutaneous
Subcutaneous layer – connective Subcutaneous layer – connective tissuetissue
Anchors dermis to the bodyAnchors dermis to the body
Contains fatContains fat
cells to cells to
protectprotect
and cushionand cushion
Subcutaneous layer
Self QuizSelf QuizBlood vesselsBlood vesselsConnective tissueConnective tissueDermisDermisEpidermisEpidermisFat cellsFat cellsHairHairHair follicleHair follicleMuscleMuscleNeuronNeuronSebaceous glandSebaceous glandSubcutaneous Subcutaneous
layerlayerSweat glandSweat glandSweat poreSweat pore
A.
M.
B.A.
B.
D.
H.
E.
I.
G.
C.
F.C.
D. E.
F. G.
H.
I.
J.
L.J.
K.
K.
L. M.
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Acne – infection of sebaceous glandAcne – infection of sebaceous gland
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Benign tumor – fleshy growths on Benign tumor – fleshy growths on neck, armpits and body. neck, armpits and body.
Harmless!Harmless!
Tumor
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Vascular Birthmarks – Blood vessel Vascular Birthmarks – Blood vessel abnormality affecting .5% of abnormality affecting .5% of population – darkens skinpopulation – darkens skin
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Dermatitis – dry, sensitive skinDermatitis – dry, sensitive skin
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Nail FungusNail Fungus
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Fungal infectionsFungal infections
Athlete’s Foot
Ring Worm
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Impetigo – bacterial infectionImpetigo – bacterial infection
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Psoriasis – chronic inflammationPsoriasis – chronic inflammation
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
CancerCancerMelanomaMelanoma
CarcinomaCarcinoma
Disorders of the SkinDisorders of the Skin
Warts- viral infectionWarts- viral infection
Plane warts
Common wart
Plantar wart
Disorders of Disorders of the Skinthe Skin
BurnsBurnsFirstFirst degreedegree
SecondSecond degreedegree
ThirdThird degreedegree
Interesting TidbitsInteresting TidbitsYour body is composed of approximately Your body is composed of approximately 100 Trillion cells100 Trillion cells
About 16% of your body weight is skinAbout 16% of your body weight is skin
The skin is completely renewed every 27 The skin is completely renewed every 27 daysdays
You will make almost 1000 new skins in a You will make almost 1000 new skins in a lifetimelifetime
If all the layers of your skin were laid out If all the layers of your skin were laid out on the ground, it would cover about 20 mon the ground, it would cover about 20 m22 or 2 parking spacesor 2 parking spaces
Interesting TidbitsInteresting TidbitsA fingernail or toenail takes about 6 A fingernail or toenail takes about 6 months to grow from base to tipmonths to grow from base to tipFingernails grow faster than toenailsFingernails grow faster than toenailsAn average human scalp has An average human scalp has 100,000 hairs100,000 hairsWe lose between 40 and 100 hairs We lose between 40 and 100 hairs per dayper dayBlondes have more hair than Blondes have more hair than brunettesbrunettes
Interesting TidbitsInteresting TidbitsFingerprints provide traction for grasping Fingerprints provide traction for grasping objectsobjectsEven identical twins have different Even identical twins have different fingerprintsfingerprintsEvery square inch of dermis contains Every square inch of dermis contains twenty feet of blood vesselstwenty feet of blood vesselsSkin on our hands and feet is thicker. Skin on our hands and feet is thicker. When we bathe, skin takes on water and When we bathe, skin takes on water and swells slightly.swells slightly.In the thicker areas, increased surface In the thicker areas, increased surface area creates crowding. The skin must area creates crowding. The skin must wrinkle to accommodate the changeswrinkle to accommodate the changes
Interesting TidbitsInteresting TidbitsFriction of the epidermis causes cell Friction of the epidermis causes cell division to increase.division to increase.This outward thickening is called a callous.This outward thickening is called a callous.Sometimes growth is inward, creating a Sometimes growth is inward, creating a corn.corn.Humans shed about 600,000 particles of Humans shed about 600,000 particles of skin per hour – about 1.5 pounds per year.skin per hour – about 1.5 pounds per year.At age 70, you will have lost about 105 lbs At age 70, you will have lost about 105 lbs of skin.of skin.
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