Keywords Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine Diphosphate, Mitochondria, Electrochemical Gradient, ATP...

KeywordsAdenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine Diphosphate, Mitochondria,

Electrochemical Gradient, ATP Synthase, Energy

3.4.2: What is ATP?

Unit 3.4

Populations and environment

RecapWrite the word and symbol equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.

Draw and label a diagram of a mitochondrion.

carbondioxide + wateroxygen + glucose + energy

6CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6

light energy

carbondioxide + water oxygen + glucose

light energy

6CO2 + 6H2O6O2 + C6H12O6

5 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2008

Mitochondria

The mitochondrion is an energy-generating organelle.

The inner membrane is coated in enzymes, which catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP.

It is surrounded by two membranes. The inner layer folds inwards to form the cristae. The cristae project into a liquid called the matrix.

outer membrane

matrixinner membrane

cristae

What we know so far…Y13Y13: What we know so far… 1. The structure of mitochondria

2. All living cells respire

3. Respiration is the release of energy in a series of controlled reactions.

4. One of the products of respiration is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Y13: Learning objective All Pupils will :1. Recall the structure and function of a mitochondria2. Learn the structure and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine

diphosphate (ADP) 3. Learn the role of ATP as the immediate source of energy for biological processes.

Y13: Learning outcomeAll Pupils will be able to:1. Draw and label a diagram of ATP2. Write a word equation for the conversion of ADP to ATP3. List four biological processes where ATP synthesis is required as an immediate source of

energy

Most Pupils will be able to:

4. Predict the word equation for the conversion of ATP to ADP Some Pupils will be able to:5. Hypothesize the consequences of an ATP deficiency

What is ATP?Y13

ATP STRUCTURE

What is ATP?Y13

ATP stands for:

Adenosine TriphosphateATP STRUCTURE

What is ATP?Y13

ATP stands for:

Adenosine Triphosphate

It is made up of:

1. Adenine (Base)

2. Ribose (Sugar)

3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)

ATP STRUCTURE

What is ATP?Y13

ATP stands for:

Adenosine Triphosphate

It is made up of:

1. Adenine (Base)

2. Ribose (Sugar)

3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)

ATP STRUCTURE

What is ATP?Y13

ATP stands for:

Adenosine Triphosphate

It is made up of:

1. Adenine (Base)

2. Ribose (Sugar)

3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)

ATP STRUCTURE

ATP is therefore a phosphorylated nucleotide

ATP synthesisY13

So ATP is a nucleotide, but it also has another function as an:ENERGY ‘STORAGE’ MOLECULE.

ATP is built up from the molecules adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ______________.

ATP

ADP

ATP synthesisY13

So ATP is a nucleotide, but it also has another function as an:ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULE.

ATP is built up from the molecule: adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

ATP

ADP

What is ATP?Y13

To synthesise ATP from ADP, Pi and ______ is required.

Pi PiADP Pi PiATP

Pi

Pi

WhiteboardsY13

So, to convert ADP to ATP we need inorganic phosphate, and something else. What do you think this is?

What is ATP?Y13

To synthesise ATP from ADP, Pi and energy is required.

Pi PiADP

Energy

Pi PiATP

Pi

Pi

What is ATP?Y13

ADP + Pi + Energy ATP (+ Water)

The addition of phosphate to ADP is termed phosphorylation. There are different types of phosphorylation: photo, oxidative and substrate-level. We will learn more about these through the topic.

WhiteboardsY13

Write down a word equation for the conversion of ATP to ADP.

Hydrolysis of ATPY13

ATP (+ Water) ADP + Pi + Energy

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase, releasing 30.7kJ mol-1 of energy.

BrainstormY13

ATP

Role of ATPY13

Metabolic processes:

Active Transport: Activation of molecules:

Muscle Contraction:

ATP

Role of ATPY13

Metabolic processes:ATP provides energy needed to

build up macromolecules from basic units.

Active Transport: provides energy

to change shape of carrierproteins in plasma

Membranes.

Activation of molecules:when a phosphate is transferred

from ATP to another molecule it makes it more

reactive, lowering its activationenergy.

Muscle Contraction – provides energy to allow muscle filaments to

slide past each other.

ATP

To Do:Complete Worksheet (both sides)

Peer Mark

Final question to be completed for homework due next lesson.

Fin.Y13

THE END

To Finish…Y13

To reach the top of the cliff, describe 6 keywords you’ve learnt today about ATP and energy.........

http://www.teachers-direct.co.uk/resources/quiz-busters/quiz-busters-game.aspx?game_id=63908

ATP synthesisY13

ATP synthesis takes place on the mitochondrial inner membrane.

ATP synthesis requires energy.

But where does this energy come from?

ATP SYNTHASE

Electrochemical Gradient: a gradient that involves both CHARGE and CONCENTRATION

ATP synthaseY13

ATP synthase is a large complex of membrane bound protein.

There is a difference in charge between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.

There is a difference in the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane

space.

Hydrogen ions (or protons) flow from the intermembrane space,

down this electrochemical gradient, and through the ATP synthase complex, into the matrix

ATP synthesisY13

1. H+ enters the ATP synthase complex from the inter membrane space

2. This prompts the release of a H+ from ATP synthase in to the matrix

3. This transfer of H+ down a gradient generates enough energy at ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic Phosphate (Pi).

Inter- membrane Space

H+ H+H+

Matrix

ADP

Energy

ATP

H+

H+

H+

Inner Membrane

ATP synthase

Outer Membrane