Lecture World War II World History Pair-Share What do you already KNOW about WWII? What do you WANT...

LectureWorld War II

World History

Pair-Share

• What do you already KNOW about WWII?

• What do you WANT to learn about WWII?

• What do you PREDICT we will study about WWII?

Objective

•Students will be able to analyze the causes and consequences of World War II by completing CLOZE notes and a graphic organizer.

Essential Questions

• How did the aggressors of World War 11 benefit from the policy of appeasement and nonintervention?

• How did the geography of the Allied and Axis powers impact diplomacy, military and political decisions during World War 11?

• What was the human cost of World War11?

World War II

1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War

A. Fascist aggression in the 1930s

i. Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia

ii. Italy – Ethiopia and Albania

iii.Japan – Manchuria and China

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

Guernica – Pablo Picasso

World War II

1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War

A. Fascist aggression in the 1930s

i. Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia

ii. Italy – Ethiopia

iii.Japan – Manchuria and China

B. Spanish Civil War “dress rehearsal” for World War

i. Fascists supported General Francisco Franco

ii. USSR and volunteers from everywhere went to

Spain to fight for the Spanish Republic

Peace in our times…

Hitler invaded Poland.

France and

Britain declared

war.

World War II

1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War

A. Fascist aggression in the 1930s

i. Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia

ii. Italy – Ethiopia

iii.Japan – Manchuria and China

B. Spanish Civil War “dress rehearsal” for World War

i. Fascists supported General Francisco Franco

ii. USSR and volunteers from everywhere went to

Spain to fight for the Spanish Republic

C. to avoid another major war, western democracies

adopted a policy of appeasement but finally

declared war when Hitler invaded Poland in

September 1939

2. The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945)

A. WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands

Allies vs. Axis

2. The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945)

A. WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands

B. Alliances of WWIIi. Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan ii. Allied Powers - France, Britain, the Soviet Union, China,

and the United States

When Britain and France declared war on Poland, they

expected to fight the same kind of trench war as World War I.

Blitzkrieg – Terror from the Skies

The Nazis used a new form of warfare “Blitzkrieg” to

overrun the Allies.

The Allies were incapable of dealing with the mobility and

precision of the German Blitzkrieg.

2. The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945)

A. WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands

B. Alliances of WWIIi. Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan ii. Allied Powers - France, Britain, the Soviet Union, China,

and the United States

C. modern technology made World War II more destructive than any previous war i. faster and more effective airplanes and submarines and

increasingly deadlier bombs, (Germans used Blitzkrieg)

3. Hitler’s Westward ExpansionA. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway,

Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg

3. Hitler’s Westward ExpansionA. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway,

Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg B. Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked

France through Belgium.i. Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the

English Channelii. France surrendered on June 16, 1940

a. North – controlled by Germanyb. South – Vichy France (puppet state)

Chamberlain – forced to resign because of appeasing Hitler

Winston Churchill

took his place

Britain stood alone against the AXIS Powers – posed a threat to U.S. national security

Hitler ordered Germany to attack Britain…

3. Hitler’s Westward ExpansionA. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway,

Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg B. Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked

France through Belgium.i. Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the

English Channelii. France surrendered on June 16, 1940

a. North – controlled by Germanyb. South – Vichy France (puppet state)

C. Battle of Britaini. August 1940-June 1941

ii. Sept. 1940 – 1st peace time U.S. draftiii. Britain never gives up

• Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) counterattacked aided by radar

• The British downed 2,300 German planes and lost 900 of their own

• 40,000 citizens killed• By the end of 1940 Germany cancelled plans to invade Britain

• ¼ of the RAF were killed

3. Hitler’s Westward ExpansionA. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and

the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg B. Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked France

through Belgium.i. Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the

English Channelii. France surrendered on June 16, 1940

a. North – controlled by Germanyb. South – Vichy France (puppet state)

C. Battle of Britaini. August 1940-June 1941

ii. Sept. 1940 – 1st peace time U.S. draftiii. Britain never gives up

D. U.S. joins the war after it is attacked at Pearl Harbor i. December 7, 1941

E. By 1942 the Axis Powers controlled virtually all of western Europe and North Africa

Germany and Italy Attack North Africa

• September 1940: Italian troops attack British controlled Egypt

• February 1941: The British are defeating the Italians. Over 130,000 Italian soldiers have been caught. Hitler helps Italy by sending in a German general, Erwin Rommel, and German troops.

• June 1942: Erwin Rommel is able to capture Egypt. This is a major defeat for the British.

The North African Front

4. The North African Front

A. Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)– secure N. Africa

for AXIS Powers

B. “Beat Hitler first” strategy – defeat AXIS Powers

in Europe first

C. “Operation Torch” 1942 – headed by U.S.

general Eisenhower and British generals

Montgomery and Clarki. Rommel surrendered

Invasion of Sicily and Italy:

• In August. 1, 1943 U.S. general Patton and British general Montgomery attack Italy. It was a victory for the Allies because Italians became fed up with Mussolini who was Replaced him with Badoglio who immediately negotiated peace with the Allies. Mussolini lynched 2 years later.

4. The North African Front

A. Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)– secure N. Africa

for AXIS Powers

B. “Beat Hitler first” strategy – defeat AXIS Powers

in Europe first

C. “Operation Torch” 1942 – headed by U.S.

general Eisenhower and British generals

Montgomery and Clarki. Rommel surrendered

D. Allies invade Italy - surrenders

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

The War in the Balkans• Summer 1940: Hitler

began planning an attack on the Soviet Union. To do this, he needed the Balkan region

• Winter 1941: Hitler invaded Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Greece. Hitler was on the doorstep of the Soviet Union.

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

Between September 1939

and June 1941, the Axis Powers

seemed unstoppable.

In June 1941, Hitler turned his attention to his greatest target,

Russia.

He launched Operation

Barbarossa, sending the full

might of the Nazi war machine east.

Since the Russian

Revolution, Russia had been excluded from all major

international activity.

In August 1939, Stalin responded

to German suggestions for a Nonaggression Pact with the Axis Powers.Hitler and Stalin agreed to share Poland.

But what happened to the Pact?

The pact ends when

Germany invades the Soviet Union

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR

i. Operation Barbarossa

Hitler believed his lightening attack would bring a quick

victory…

He Was Wrong!

Hitler sent 3 million

troops who pushed back the Soviets

As the Soviets withdrew they destroyed farm equipment and

crops hoping this “scorched earth”

policy would deprive the enemy

of supplies.

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR

i. Operation Barbarossaa. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR

To help his nations survive this onslaught, Stalin asked allies for:

1. Massive aid2. Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe3. Second front in western Europe

His requests

were not met!

As Hitler sent Germans to their death in the Russian winter, the USA started to

rethink its relationship with the USSR.

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR

i. Operation Barbarossaa. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR

b. Stalin asked allies for:-Massive aid-Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe-Second front in western Europe

*His requests were not met

The Blitzkrieg swept east.

The Nazi army was

unstoppable.

The Russians decided not to

surrender their cities, and much of the fighting was done in urban areas.

Total War reached new heights.

The Russian defense held, until

winter…

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR

i. Operation Barbarossaa. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR

b. Stalin asked allies for:-Massive aid-Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe-Second front in western Europe

*His requests were not met c. The battle for Leningrad lasted for 2 years

German Soldiers in the Trenches on the Eastern front

Having been stopped at Leningrad and Moscow, the Germans shifted their offensive Southward.

Germans were desperate for more oil supplies

5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR

i. Operation Barbarossaa. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR

b. Stalin asked allies for:-Massive aid-Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe-Second front in western Europe

*His requests were not met c. The battle for Leningrad lasted for 2 year

ii. Battle of Stalingrad – October 1942a. important industrial centerb. Nov. 19 Soviets counterattacked

c. German army surrendered d. Dramatic shift in the war

1. Hitler sends army to Rhineland

2. Germans invade Austria3. Germans take Sudetenland4. Hitler takes Czechoslovakia5. Hitler invades Poland –

France and England declare war

6. Hitler attacks Denmark and Norway

7. Germans invade Holland, Belgium, and France

8. Germans invade through Ardennes Forest

9. Dunkirk retreat to England10. Italy attacks France11. Battle of Britain12. Italy attacks British in Egypt

– need German help13. Axis take the Balkans14. Hitler attacks Russia

12

3 4

56

6

7

89

10

11

12

13

14

In 1942, the war began to turn in

favor of the Allies.

The Nazi advance into Russia was

stopped.

The Japanese advances in the

Pacific were stopped and the Allies started to

push their advantages…

6. The Allied Offensive in Europe

A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944

i. Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake Francea. Amphibious assault on water and land

b. Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower

c. Success depended on 3 conditions-reserve of supplies-secrecy-clear weather

Allied troops during D-Day

On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the operation started at 2am with the landing of parachute troops in strategic inland positions. This was followed by the arrival

of 5.000 warships of all kinds, which began shelling the German coastal forts.

At 6:30am the first set of troops stormed the beaches of Normandy, the northwest province of France.

Within 24 hours, 120,000 troops were landed at five different beachheads on the Normandy coast

Within 3 weeks 800,000 men joined the Allied troops in France

6. The Allied Offensive in Europe

A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944

i. Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake Francea. Amphibious assault on water and land

b. Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower

c. Success depended on 3 conditions-reserve of supplies-secrecy-clear weather

ii. Allies broke through the German Defense line a. General Patton led a brilliant assault in

France b. Paris was liberated in August of 1944

5. The Allied Offensive in Europe

A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944i. Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France

a. Amphibious assault on water and land

b. Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower

c. Success depended on 3 conditions-reserve of supplies-secrecy-clear weather

ii. Allies broke through the German Defense line a. General Patton led a brilliant assault against

France b. Paris was liberated in August of 1944

B. The Battle of the Bulgei. The last German Offensiveii. Germany surrenders May 8, 1945

Victory in Europe(V-E Day)

Diminished by 3 factors1.The realities of the concentration

camps were revealed

2.FDR died on April 12, 1945

3.The war in the Pacific continued to rage

Victory in Europe

7. The War in the Pacific

A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands

i. Fighting the Japanese was different than

Europe

a. fighting in dense jungle

b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on

small islands

c. naval rather than air supremacy was key

General MacArthur

General Douglas MacArthur was commander of the U.S. Army in the Pacific

To win the war, the Allies had to go “island hopping”

Japanese fleet

stopped in June 1942

Japanese base destroyed at Guadalcanal

Iwo Jima, fell to US

Marines in March 1945

Okinawa 110,000 Japanese

and 12,500

Americans die in

April 1945

6. The War in the Pacific

A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands

i. Fighting the Japanese was different than

Europe

a. fighting in dense jungle

b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on

small islands

c. naval rather than air supremacy was key

B. The Allies go on the Offensive

i. Japanese advances were halted by American

victories at Midway Island & Coral Sea

6. The War in the Pacific

A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands

i. Fighting the Japanese was different than

Europe

a. fighting in dense jungle

b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on

small islands

c. naval rather than air supremacy was key

B. The Allies go on the Offensive

i. Japanese advances were halted by American

victories at Midway Island & Coral Sea

ii. American forces then took the offensive,

“island hopping” toward Japan.

The Atomic Bomb

• In the 1930’s Albert Einstein discovers that splitting atoms let loose tremendous energy

•During the war, scientists had urged President Roosevelt to develop a bomb using the atom before the Germans did.

•The Manhattan project was created to create the first atomic bomb.

•In 1945 the U.S. successfully tested the atomic bomb at Alamogordo in the New Mexico desert.

C. to force Japan to surrender

i. United States used a powerful new weapon,

the atomic bomb

ii. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki

C. to force Japan to surrender

i. United States used a powerful new weapon,

the atomic bomb

ii. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki

iii.Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945

7. From World War to Cold War

A. costs of World War II were enormous

i. 51 million people dead worldwide

ii. millions of refugees

iii.lands in Europe and Asia in ruins

Churchill Roosevelt Stalin

7. From World War to Cold War

A. costs of World War II were enormous

i. 75 million people dead worldwide

ii. millions of refugees

iii.lands in Europe and Asia in ruins

B. change of international power

i. the old European Powers – France, Britain, and

Germany – were exhausted by the war

ii. two new powers – the USSR and the USA –

assumed the dominant role in global politics

7. From World War to Cold War

A. costs of World War II were enormous

i. 75 million people dead worldwide

ii. millions of refugees

iii.lands in Europe and Asia in ruins

B. change of international power

i. the old European Powers – France, Britain, and

Germany – were exhausted by the war

ii. two new powers – the USSR and the USA –

assumed the dominant role in global politics

C. conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust led to

the Cold War, which pitted the western

democracies, led by the United States, against

the communist bloc, dominated by the Soviet

Union

Essential Questions

• How did the aggressors of World War 11 benefit from the policy of appeasement and nonintervention?

• How did the geography of the Allied and Axis powers impact diplomacy, military and political decisions during World War 11?

• What was the human cost of World War11?