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GeorgeHurttNASA-CMSScienceTeamLeaderDepartmentofGeographicalSciencesUniversityofMarylandgchurtt@umd.edu
NASACarbonMonitoringSystemApplicationsWorkshopWelcome
ScienceTeamMeetingNovember16-18,2015Pasadena,CA
http://www.carbon.nasa.gov
CongressionalDirection(Summary)CongressionalDirection in2010:Alsoincludedwithinthefundsprovided forothermissionanddataanalysis,theconferenceagreementprovides$6,000,000forpre-phaseAandpilotinitiativesforthedevelopmentofacarbonmonitoringsystem.Anypilotdevelopedshallreplicatestateandnationalcarbonandbiomassinventoryprocessesthatprovidestatisticalprecisionandaccuracywithgeospatiallyexplicitassociatedattributedataforaggregationattheproject, county, stateandfederallevelusingacommondatasetwithcompletemarkettransparency,includingextractionalgorithmsandcorrelationmodeling.
CongressionalDirection in2011:None
CongressionalDirection in2012:TheCommitteerecommends$10,000,000 fromwithinavailablefundstocontinuethedevelopmentofacarbonmonitoringsysteminitiallyfundedinfiscalyear2010. TheCommitteeexpectsno lessthanone-halfofthisamountshallbeawardedexternally.
Language inSenateDraftfor2013:Ofthefundsprovidedwithintheearthscienceresearchandanalysisactivity,theCommitteerecommends$10,000,000 tocontinueeffortsforthedevelopmentofacarbonmonitoringsysteminitiallyfundedinfiscalyear2010.Themajorityofthefundsshouldbedirected towardsacquisition,fieldsampling,quantificationanddevelopmentofaprototype MonitoringReportingandVerification[MRV]system whichcanprovide transparentdataproductsachievinglevelsofprecisionandaccuracyrequiredbycurrentcarbontradingprotocols.TheCommitteerecognizesthatthecurrentorbitalandsuborbitalplatformsareinsufficienttomeettheseobjectives.Therefore,theuseof commercialoff-the-shelftechnologiesisrecommendedastheseproductscouldprovide robustcalibrationvalidationdatasetsforfutureNASAmissions.Upto20percentofthesefundsshouldbemadeavailabletointernationalReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradation [REDD]projects.Furthermore,theCommitteeisdeeplydisappointedwiththelackofprogressthatNASAhasmadeonthisinitiativethus farwithintheagency.Therefore,itdirectsthattheabove fundsshallbecompetitivelyawardedwithin120daysofenactmentofthisact.
CongressionalDirection in2014:CarbonMonitoring- OfthefundsprovidedwithintheEarthScienceresearchandanalysisactivity,theCommitteerecommends$10,000,000 tocontinueeffortsforthedevelopmentofacarbonmonitoringsystem.Themajorityofthefundsshouldbedirectedtowardacquisition,fieldsampling,quantification,anddevelopmentofaprototypeMonitoringReportingandVerification[MRV]systemwhichcanprovide transparentdataproductsachievinglevelsofprecisionandaccuracy requiredbycurrentcarbon tradingprotocols.TheCommitteeisconcerned thatNASAhasnotestablishedaprogramofrecordaroundthedevelopmentofMRVsystem,andthereforeexpectsaplanfromNASAnotlaterthan90daysafterenactmentofthisactincorporatingsuchasystemintoitsoperatingplanandlong-termbudgetprojection.TheCommitteerecognizesthatthecurrentorbitalandsuborbitalplatformsareinsufficienttomeettheseobjectives.Therefore,theuseof commercialoff-the-shelftechnologiesisrecommendedastheseproductscouldprovide robustcalibrationvalidationdatasetsforfutureNASAmissions.•
…”pilotinitiativesforthedevelopmentofacarbonmonitoringsystem…”...”replicatestateandnationalcarbonandbiomassinventoryprocessesthatprovidestatisticalprecisionandaccuracywithgeospatiallyexplicitassociatedattributedata…”…”developmentofaprototypeMonitoringReportingandVerification(MRV)systemwhichcanprovidetransparentdataproductsachievinglevelsofprecisionandaccuracyrequiredbycurrentcarbontradingprotocols….”...”[developmentof]aplan…incorporatingsucha[MRV]systemintoitsoperatingplanandlong-termbudgetprojection…”
NASA-CMSPhase1
BiomassPilot.ThegoalsoftheBiomassPilotareto:Ø Utilizesatelliteandinsitudatatoproducequantitativeestimates(anduncertainties)ofabovegroundterrestrialvegetationbiomassonanationalandlocalscale.Ø Assesstheabilityoftheseresultstomeetthenationsneedformonitoringcarbonstorage/sequestration.
FluxPilot.TheobjectivesoftheFluxPilotareto:Ø Combinesatellitedatawithmodeledatmospherictransport initiatedbyobservationally-constrainedterrestrialandoceanicmodelstotietheatmosphericobservationstosurfaceexchangeprocesses.Ø Estimatetheatmosphere-biosphereCO2 exchange.
ScopingEfforts.TheobjectivesoftheScopingEffortsareto:Ø Identifyresearch,products,andanalysissystemevolutionsrequiredtosupportcarbonpolicyandmanagementasglobalobservingcapabilityincreases.
CMS Award year: # of projects (decision support - MRV)2012: 202013: 172014: 15
Global Surface-Atmosphere Flux2012: 22014: 3 (2)
Ocean-Atmosphere Flux2012: 1
Ocean Biomass2012: 3
Land-Ocean Flux2012: 12014: 1 (1)
Land-Atmosphere Flux2012: 6 (5)2013: 8 (6)2014: 2 (2)
Land Biomass2012: 7 (5)2013: 9 (9)2014: 9 (7)
NASA-CMSPhase2
ORGTYPE(# unique) US MX Brazil UK TotalUniversity(35) 60 3 1 1 65
NationalAgencies/Labs(8) 62 1 63State(1) 3 3Private(12) 14 14Research Center(2) 6 1 7NGO(4) 4 1 5Total 149 5 2 1 157
#ParticipantsByTypeandByCountry
Federal State NGO Private
NASA CAAirResourcesBoard GlobalForestWatch AER,Inc
NOAA ResourcesfortheFuture
AppliedGeosolutions
USDAFS USResearch Winrock Intl. EarthNetworks
DOE Woods HoleResearchCenter
Geodigital IntlCorp.
USGS RHG
EPA Neptune, Inc.
Dept.ofState SigmaSpaceCorp.
WatershedSciencesInc.
I 4Consultants
U.S.AgenciesandOrganizations
Prior (CASA/GFED) Posterior Posterior minus Prior
GEOS-5 meteorological
analyses
Anthropogenic emissions
Atmospheric Inversions
Terrestrial Biosphere, including
disturbance
Ocean Circulation and
Biology
Transport Modeling
NASA Observations
Ø140uniquepublications(papers,bookchapters)Ø7publicationsinNature,ScienceandPNASincludingtwocurrentlyontheNACPCitationsClassicslistwithover100citations
• Baccini,A.,S.J.Goetz,W.S.Walker,N.T.Laporte,M.Sun,D.Sulla-Menashe, J.Hackler,P.S.A.Beck,R.Dubayah,M.A.Friedl, S.Samanta,andR.A.Houghton.2012.Estimatedcarbondioxideemissions fromtropicaldeforestationimprovedbycarbon-densitymaps.NatureClimateChange (Houghton-02)NACPCitationClassicwith191Citations
• Cai,W.-J.,X.Hu,W.-J.Huang,M.C.Murrell,J.C.Lehrter,S.E.Lohrenz,W.-C.Chou,W.Zhai,J.T.Hollibaugh, Y.Wang,P.Zhao,X.Guo,K.Gundersen,M.DaiandG.-C.Gong(2011).'Acidificationofsubsurfacecoastalwatersenhancedbyeutrophication.'NatureGeosci (Lohrenz-03)116citations(tobeaddedtoNACPclassics)
• Erb,K.-H.,T.Kastner,S.Luyssaert,R.A.Houghton,T.Kuemmerle,P.Olofsson, andH.Haberl.2013.Biasintheattributionofforestcarbonsinks.NatureClimateChange(Houghton-02)commentary
• Gately,C.K.,L.R.Hutyra,andI.S.Wing,2015:Cities,traffic,andCO2:Amultidecadal assessment oftrends,drivers, andscalingrelationships. Proceed.NationalAcademySci. (Nehrkorn-01)
• McKain,K.,A.Down,S.M.Raciti,J.Budney,L.R.Hutyra,C.Floerchinger,S.C.Herndon, T.Nehrkorn,M.Zahniser,R.B.Jackson,N.Phillips, andS.C.Wofsy, 2015:Methaneemissions fromnaturalgasinfrastructureanduseintheurbanregionofBoston,Massachusetts.Proceed.NationalAcademySci. (Nehrkorn-01
• Pan,Y.,R.A.Birdsey, J.Fang,R.Houghton, P.E.Kauppi,W.A.Kurz,O.L.Phillips, A.Shvidenko, S.L.Lewis,J.G.Canadell, P.Ciais, R.B.Jackson, S.W.Pacala,A.D.McGuire,S.Piao,A.Rautiainen,S.Sitch,andD.Hayes.2011.Alargeandpersistentcarbonsinkintheworld’s forests.Science (Houghton-02)NACPCitationClassicwith766citations
• Zeng,N.,F.Zhao,G.J.Collatz,E.Kalnay,R.J.Salawitch,T.O.WestandL.Guanter.2014.AgriculturalGreenRevolution asadriverofincreasingatmospheric CO2seasonal amplitude.Nature (West-03)
NASA Application Readiness Levels (ARLs)
ARLs describe where the CMS product is currently in terms of readiness, as well as the desired and potential level as defined by the CMS Product Scientist.
The ARLs were provided by the CMS Product Scientist and represent the most accurate representation of the state of each product.
Products can start at any level. It is not expected they will start at ARL1 and end at ARL9.
ARL-1 ARL-2 ARL-3 ARL-4 ARL-5 ARL-6 ARL-7 ARL-9 ARLsApproved, Operational Deployment, & Use in
Decision Making
Application Completed and Qualified
Application of Prototype in Partner's Operational Decision
Making
Demonstration in Relevant Environment
Validation in Relevant Environment
Initial I&V in Laboratory Environment
Proof of Applications Concept
Applications Concept
Basic Research
Andrews-03
Baker-01
Bowman-02Ganguly-01Greenberg-01
Hudak-01
Hurtt-03
Jacob-02
Lohrenz-05
Morton-01
Windham-Myers-01
Fatoyinbo-01
Ott-01
Walker-W-01
Williams-C-01
SY 2014 Projects
Different ARLs are provided for the products in these projects. Refer to individual corresponding charts describing the product ARLs.
ARL-8
Solid color: each solid bar is indicative of where the PI feels their project is NOW in terms of application readiness.Pattern fill: indicates the level each PI is striving for and the application readiness level they feel their project can ultimately satisfy. Gradient fill: indicates current level has not been reached fully.
Project IDPI-Project # (Andrews-02)-Each CMS Project is represented by its color and identified by the PI on the project
CMSApplicationReadinessLevels(ARLs)
CMSProductsandPolicySupportExamplesCMSPIandProject
Organization PolicyofInterest
Cook-01Forestbiomass
USDAForestService USFSForestInventoryandAnalysis(FIA),SilvaCarbon,USDAForestServiceExperimentalForests&Rangessystem
Dubayah-03Canopyheightandforest/non-forestmaps-ForMaryland
Dubayah-04Canopyheightandforest/non-forestmapsforSonomaCounty
MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResourcesand
SonomaCountyCA
(03):FIA,FederalLandPolicyandManagementAct(FLPMA),MarylandGreenhouseGasEmissionsReductionActPlan,MarylandClimateActionPlan,ChesapeakeBayTMDL,MarylandForestPreservationAct,MarylandNoNetForestLossAct.(04):REDD+,SonomaCountyinitiatives,CaliforniaAssemblyBill32:GlobalWarmingSolutionsAct(CA-AB32),CAP
Duren-01-Applications
Escobar-01-Applications
IPCC,Doha/Kyoto,NGHGI,CAA,US-IndiaGreenPartnership
EPA, MD,DEandPADNRs,Chesapeake RestorationProgram,
RGGI,EPA,SonomaCountyAgricultureConservation
Low-resolutionMRVtechnology for SafeDrinkingWaterAct'sUndergroundInjectionControlprogram
Workshops andReportingforMDGHGplanning,SonomaCountyAB32,EPAGHGInventoryReports,USGS3DEPProgram
Jacob-01,Jacob 02,Estimatesofmethaneemissionfluxes andAnthropogenicandnaturalmethaneemissionsestimates
EPAGlobalClimateChangeandCleanAirInitiativeoftheUSStateDepartment,GlobalMethaneInitiativeoftheUSEPA,CAA,NGHGI,PresidentObama'sClimateActionPlan(CAP),NALS
CMSProductsandPolicySupport,ExamplesCon’tCMSPIandProject Organization PolicyofInterest
Fatoyinbo-01Mangroveforestbiomassestimates
Brazil REDD+,LeGabonEmergent,GabonForestCarbonAssessment,Silvacarbon,GEO-FCT
French-04Mapsofemissionsfromwildlandfires
USForestry Wildland FireEmissionsInformationSystem(WFEIS),GlobalFireData(GFED),BlueSky,CAA,NGHGI,FLPMA
Keller-01Mapsofspatiallyexplicitassociateduncertaintiesinstockchanges
BrazilLandManagement US-BrazilMemorandumofUnderstandingonClimateChange,BrazilianForestCode,REDD+,NFMS,SilvaCarbon,SustainableLandscapesProgramBrazil
Morton-01 andMorton-02Mapsofannualdeforestation,forestdegradation,Mapsofcarbonstockswithpixelleveluncertainties
BrazilREDD+,SilvaCarbon,ScienceWithoutBorders,GlobalCarbonProject,GFED
FIA,FLPMA
Saatchi-02Disturbancelayers(timesincedisturbance,recoveryrate,disturbanceseverity)
USForestry NGHGI,CAP,IPCCGoodPracticeGuidanceforLand,Use,Land-UseChange,andForestry(IPCCGPG),FIA,NFMS
West-03Carbonrelease bylivestock andhumans
EPA IPCCGPG,NASAFPP,NASACarnegieAmesStanfordApproach(CASA)model,DOEIntegratedAssessment program,USFarmBill,CAP
NASA’sApproachtoCM/MRV• Recognizesthatasustained,observationally-drivencarbonmonitoringsystemusingremotesensingdatahasthepotentialtosignificantlyimprovetherelevantinformationbasefortheU.S.andworld;
• Recognizesmultipleusers,multiplescales,multiplequantities,andmultipleframeworksforMRV(e.g.International,nationalandsubnational,markets);
• Regonizes theimportanceofuserengagementtoberesponsivetostakeholderneeds;ThegoalforNASA’sCMSprojectistoprototypethe
developmentofcarbonmonitoringcapabilitiesneededtosupportU.S.needsforMRV.
*NASA-CMS(2014)ProgressReport
ApplicationsWorkshopSummary(2014)• ExcellentinteractionandinputfromstakeholdersworkingwithNASA-CMS
projects,acrossarangeofspatial/policyscales(subnational,national,international,andocean).
• StakeholdersverypleasedandencouragedbyCMSactivities,emergingcapabilities,andfuturepotential
• CMSshouldnotjustaboutdataproducts,butalsoaboutaddressingpolicyrelevantsciencequestions
• Importanceofbaseline,monitoring,andprojection/prediction,andattribution
• Importanceofuncertaintyquantification,“accuracywillingtopayfor”• Importanceofstateofartcapability,leadershipinCMScapabilities• Inputistimely,withveryaggressivepolicytimelines
nationally/internationally• Needtogetaheadinunderstandingfuturepolicyneedsandfuture
capabilities• DataDelivery?Don’t,makedataavailableinstd GISformat.
KeyQuestionsTodayandBeyond• HowcanwecontinuetobuildandimproveinstakeholderengagementandrelevanceofCMSscience?
• WhatarestakeholderneedsforCM/MRV,andtowhatextentaretheybeingmet?
• Whataretheemerginglessonsofsuccess,andfailure,inworkingstakeholdersandwhatareproposedsolutions?
• Whatarethenextprioritytopics,timelines,andopportunitiesforCMS?
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