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MaJuhui,ZhuYuejian,WangPanxing,etal.2011.AReviewonthedevelopmentsofNCEP,ECMWFandCMCglobalensembleforecastsystem

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AReviewonthedevelopmentsofNCEP,ECMWFandCMCglobalensembleforecastsystem

MAJuhui1,2,3,ZHUYuejian2,WANGPanxing1,DUANMingkeng1

(1.KeyLaboratoryofMeteorologicalDisasterofMinistryofEducation,NUIST,Nanjing210044,China;2.EnvironmentalModelingCenter/NCEP/NOAA,CampSprings,MD20746,USA;3.UCAR,Boulder,CO80307,USA)

Abstract:ThepapersummarizesthedevelopmentsoftheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP),theEuropeanCentreforMediumRangeWeatherForecasts(ECMWF),andtheCanadianMeteorologicalCentre(CMC),whicharethemostrepresentativeofglobalensembleforecastsystem(GEFS).Duetotheenlargingofcomputationalresources,themodelresolutionandensemblesizeoftheirGEFSsubsequentlyincrease.Atthesametime,forpromotingtheimprovementoftheforecastskill,theyalldevotetodeveloptheinitialandmodelperturbationmethodsusedtosimulatetheeffectofinitialandmodeluncertainties.Theinitialperturbationmethodsareupdatedfromthesingularvector(SV)method(ECMWF),thebreedingmethod(NCEP)andtheperturbedobservation(PO)method(CMC)totheensembleofdataassimilationandsingularvector(EDASV)method(ECMWF),the

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ensembletransformwithrescaling(ETR)method(NCEP)andtheensembleKalmanfilter(EnKF)method(CMC).Severalattemptsarealsomadetoaccountformodelrelateduncertainty.ECMWFandCMChaverevisedtheirstochasticphysicsparameterizationtendencies(ECMWF)andmultiparameterization(CMC)schemes,andNCEPalsodevelopsstochastictotaltendencyperturbationtoestimatethemodelrelateduncertainty.Toaccelerateimprovementsintheaccuracyofglobalhighimpactweatherforecasts,TIGGE(theTHORPEXinteractivegrandglobalensemble)wasinitiatedtoenhanceinternationalcollaborationonmulticenterandmultimodelensembleforecast,andNAEFS(NorthAmericanensembleforecastsystem)canprovideanoperationalframeworkforglobalmultimodelensembleforecastsystem.Theyareallhelpfulfordevelopingtheglobalinteractiveforecastsystem(GIFS).Keywords:globalensembleforecastsystem;initialuncertainty;modeluncertainty;multimodelandmulticenterensembleforecast

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