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Neuroanatomy Lecture
CogSci 107C – Prof. Chiba4/5, 2007
http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/cgi-bin/DA/imageform
For more brain images and active content:
This is your brain….. (no, really)
Central Nervous System
Sulci and Fissures
External Brainstem – Cranial Nerves
On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops.
The trigeminal nerve as the name indicates is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches.
Example of Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal
Ventricles
Blood Supply
Blood Vessels
Sagittal Brainstem
Limbic System
Medial Structures
Hippocampus
Hippocampal Dissections
Thalamus
Corona Radiata –Thalamic Pathways
Caudate Nucleus
Basal Ganglia Structures
Cortex
Cerebellum
Vascular System
• Reminder: All brain function is dependent on oxygen.
• There are two main arterial supplies to the brain:– Carotid Arteries– Basilar Artery (comes off of vertebral arteries)
Identify the following arteries in the cerebral angiogram in the image above: Vertebral Artery - Basilar Artery
Vertebal Arteries/Basilar Artery
Right Internal Carotid Artery
DA, NE, 5HT Pathways
Norepinephrine
The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive
Neurology – Clinical
Emergent Clinical Fields:
Behavioral Neurology
Neuropsychology
Emergent Experimental Fields:
Neuroscience
Experimental Neuropsychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
Research Populations
• Human patients with brain damage or disorders
• Neurologically intact humans
• Nonhuman animals
primates
rodents
invertebrates
The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive
Neurology – Clinical
Emergent Clinical Fields:
Behavioral Neurology
Neuropsychology
Emergent Experimental Fields:
Neuroscience
Experimental Neuropsychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
Research Populations
• Human patients with brain damage or disorders
• Neurologically intact humans
• Nonhuman animals
primates
rodents
invertebrates
Patients with Brain Damage
• The lesion approach
Examples: 1. HM
remember him???
2. Blindsight
huh?
Any problems with this approach???????
WHAT'S NEW WITH THE AMNESIC PATIENT H.M.?
Suzanne Corkin H.M. became amnesic in 1953. Since that time, nearly 100 investigators, first at the Montreal Neurological Institute and since 1966 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have participated in studying him. We all understand the rare opportunity we have had to work with him, and we are grateful for his dedication to research. He has taught us a great deal about the cognitive and neural organization of memory. We are in his debt.
Problems with the Lesion Approach• Variability in regions of damage
• Example: language mapping
BTW: DISCLAIMER
• The broken brain may not process information in the same way as the intact brain…..
• EG: Stiles – developmental studies of spatial processing
Behavioral Methods
• Clinical Interviews
• Information from caretakers
• Neuropsychological Testing– Battery Approach– Decision Tree Approach
Experimental Testing
Physiological Methods
• CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography• MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging• FMRI• PET• Electrophysiological Recording
– EEG– ERP– Depth Electrodes
GOOD BYE
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