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Nuclear Power . Locations of Nuclear Power plants in the US. Locations of Nuclear Power plants in the World. Do Nuclear Power plants Pollute?. No they don’t. This is Steam being released. . Nuclear Power Plant Operation. Uranium ore. Nuclear Reactor Fuel. Uranium ore is refined then - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nuclear Power
Locations of Nuclear Power plants in the US.
Locations of Nuclear Power plants in the World
Do Nuclear Power plants Pollute?
No they don’t. This is Steam being released.
Nuclear Power Plant Operation
Uranium ore
Nuclear Reactor Fuel
Uranium ore is
refined then formed into pellets.
Nuclear Reactor FuelThese Pellets arethen put into Fuel rods which are Assembled Into packs of Fuel Rod Assemblies
Nuclear Reaction
This cannot Happen
Parts of an AtomWhat is an atom composed of?•Protons•Neutrons•Electrons
ProtonsProtons have a positivecharge and are locatedin the nucleus of the atom.
Neutrons
Neutrons are located in the nucleus and have no charge
Electron are found on the outside of the atom.
An electrically balanced atom will have the same number of electrons and protons
Electrons
The Periodic Table
Review of Atoms Mass Number – protons (p+) and
neutrons (n0) Atomic Number – Protons (p+) Neutral Atoms = P and E If you change the atomic number
it is a new element Number of Neutrons = Mass – Atomic
#
Isotopes Atom with same protons but different
neutrons. Most have only one stable form.
Best Example is Hydrogen
What is Nuclear Decay?
Nuclear decay nucleus gives off matter and energy. Result: New element
Strong Force = Holds together P and N. Larger nucleus has a weaker force.
Radioactive
A nucleus with too many or too few neutrons compared to protons is considered radioactive.
Ionizing Radiation Ionizing radiation is produced by unstable
atoms. Unstable atoms differ from stable atoms because they have an excess of energy or mass or both.
Unstable atoms are said to be radioactive. In order to reach stability, these atoms give off, or emit, the excess energy or mass. These emissions are called radiation.
3 types of ionizing Radiation
Alpha Helium Nucleus
Beta ElectronGamma EM Radiation
These are other products thatcan be produced along with the new element
Ionizing Radiation
alpha particle
beta particle
Radioactive Atom
X-ray
gamma ray
Neutron
Alpha radiation Nucleus of a helium atom Symbolically represented: Chemically written: 4He Least Destructive Radiation Can be stopped by a sheet of
thick paper
2
Alpha Particles: 2 neutrons and 2 protonsThey travel short distances, have large massOnly a hazard when inhaled
Alpha Particles
Beta radiation Composed of one electron Symbolically represented: Chemically written: e- or Positron is e+ or More Destructive than Alpha
Radiation Stopped by a sheet of aluminum
𝐞−𝟏𝟎
𝐞+𝟏𝟎
Beta Particles
Gamma radiation High energy Electro-Magnetic Waves Has no mass or charge Symbolically represented: Most Destructive Radiation (Most
penetrating) Very difficult to stop Reduced by thick lead or concrete
Gamma Rays
Half LifePeriod of time it takes for a substance to decrease its mass by 1/2
Nuclear Half-Life Equation Ni * (1/2)nt1/2 = Nf
Ni – Initial amount of radioactive material
nt1/2 -# of half-lives Nf – Final amount of radioactive
material
To get nt1/2, you must divide time given in problem by the half-life.
Nuclear halflife examples Polonium210
Half Life: 138 daysAlpha decay
Strontium90Half Life: 28.5 yearsBeta decay
Cobalt60Half Life: 5.27 yearsGamma decay
Alpha Decay ExamplePolonium210
Half Life: 138 daysAlpha decay
If you have 48kg of Polonium 210, How much will be left after 138 days?
How much will be left after 276 days? (2 half lives)
How much will be left after 414 days? (3 half lives)
Ans: 24 kg
Ans: 12 kg
Ans: 6 kg
Beta Decay ExampleStrontium90
Half Life: 28.5 yearsBeta decay
If you have 30kg of Strontium 90, How much will be left after 28.5 years?
How much will be left after 57 years? (2 half lives)
How much will be left after 85.5 years? (3 half lives)
Ans: 15 kg
Ans: 7.5 kg
Ans: 3.75 kg
Gamma Decay ExampleCobalt60
Half Life: 5.27 yearsGamma decay
If you have 1 kg of Cobolt 60, How much will be left after 5.27 years?
How much will be left after 10.54 years? (2 half lives)
How much will be left after 15.81 years? (3 half lives)
Ans: 0.5 kg
Ans: 0.25 kg
Ans: 0.125 kg
Nuclear Reactions Decaying nucleus releases particles
or energy. Creates new atoms or elements A Released mass = released energy.
E = mc2
Some are used in medicines
Nuclear FissionSplitting a nucleus = two smaller nuclei (smaller mass) = Big energyex) Atomic Bombs and Nuclear ReactorsChain Reaction = Ongoing fissionEx) box of mouse traps, once one hits it causes the others to snapCritical Mass = Amount of material need to keep a constant rate in our chain reaction
Nuclear Fusion Joining of two nuclei, smaller mass=
Larger nucleus with larger mass Must have a very high rate of speed
to overcome the natural tendency to repel.
Ex) Sun and Stars
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