Organic Molecules

Plants use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide gas, CO2, and water, H2O, into sugar,

C6H12O6, and absorb the rest of their elements through their roots.

Plants

Animals get all their elements from their food.

Animals

Of all the elements, only about 25 are essential to living organisms.

Element % by mass in human body

Oxygen 65% Iron trace

Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace

Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace

Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace

Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace

Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace

Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace

Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace

Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace

Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace

Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace

Essential Elements

Essential elements that occur in very small amounts are called trace elements

Trace Elements

Five elements make up 97% of the mass of a human: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus..

MoleculesThe five most common elements in living

organisms are all non-metals and when they join together they are called molecules.

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Phosphorus

Molecules found in living organisms are called organic molecules or biomolecules.

Organic Molecules or Biomolecules

There are four groups of biomolecules found in all living organisms.

1. Carbohydrates – Sugars and starches2. Lipids – Fats and Oils3. Proteins – Enzymes and Many Others4. Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA

Four Groups of Biomolecules

The four biomolecules are large molecules made up of many smaller molecules called

monomers

GlucoseFructose

Sucrose

Monomers

Each of the four biomolecule groups has a very specific

monomer

Carbohydrate …………. Monosaccharides

Lipids………………. Fatty Acids

Proteins ………………. Amino Acids

Nucleic Acids ………………. Nucleotides

Each biomolecule group has a differentfunction within an organism.

Carbohydrates provide a source of energy as well as structure.

Chitin

Lipids provide energy, insulation, make up cell membranes and can prevent

water loss.

Proteins provide structure, control chemical reactions, and are involved in

our immunity.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, contain and use inherited genetic code

to produce proteins.

The End

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