Organic Molecules

Carbon is the Main Ingredient in Organic

Molecules

Organic Compounds• Hydrocarbons are

composed of only carbon and hydrogen

• Functional groups are groups of atoms within a molecule that interact in predictable ways with other molecules

Organic Compounds• Contain carbon• Found in living

things

• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins • Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1)

• -ose suffix• Source of energy for

cells• Provides structural

framework for plant cells

Monosaccharides– monomer– Immediate energy– Glucose, Fructose

Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material

Disaccharides– Must be broken

down to utilize energy

– Sucrose (table sugar), maltose

Sucralose

Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material

Polysaccharides– Polymer – Must be broken down

to utilize energy– Starch, Cellulose

(fiber), Glycogen (animals)

Diseases and Disorders Related to Carbohydrates

• Lactose Intolerance

• Gluten Intolerance

• Diabetes

Lipids• Hydrophobic- “water-fearing”• Build cell membranes• Long-term energy storage • Cushion organs• Insulation• Aid in the absorption of

vitamins A, D, E and K• Slows the emptying of

stomach so you feel fuller longer

Fats

• Saturated Fats– Solid at room temperature– All carbons make 4 single bonds– Not easily digested– Butter, marbled meat,

shortening• Unsaturated Fats

– Liquid at room temperature– Some carbons make double

bonds– Digested readily– oils

Steroids• All have 4 fused

rings• Differ in kinds and

locations of functional groups- small changes make for big differences!

• Circulate body as chemical signals

• Responsible for our secondary sex characteristics

Total Cholesterol levels should be <200LDL “bad cholesterol <100HDL “good cholesterol >50

ProteinsMade of amino acids•Build muscle•Responsible for most of our physical and chemical characteristics

– Skin color– Hair color– Eye color– Height– Temperament– Metabolism• Enzymes (proteins) play

a critical role in chemical reactions within living organisms

Nucleic Acids• Well, we will get to these later…….