ORGANIC MOLECULES OF THE CELL. Organic Molecules Organic Molecules are generally large compounds...

ORGANIC MOLECULES OF THE CELL

Organic Molecules

• Organic Molecules are generally large compounds that are composed of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms

• General Organic Reactions

Hydrolysis (water break apart)

Dehydration Synthesis (lose water bring together)

Hydrolysis

• During Hydrolysis, organic Polymers are broken apart into the organic Monomers of which they are composed (occurs in the digestive system and lysosomes)

Dehydration Synthesis

• During Dehydration Synthesis, organic Monomers are brought together to form organic Polymers (occurs inside cells, including the ribosome, in bodies in the liver)

Carbohydrates

• Monomer = Monosaccharides (C6H12O6)

• Functions1) Short Term Energy = Monosaccharides

2) Long Term Energy = Starch (plants)

Glycogen (animals)

3) Structure = Cellulose (plant cell walls)

Chitin (animal exoskeletons)

Lipids

• Monomers = Fatty Acids & Glycerol

• Functions

1) Long Term Energy = Triglycerides

2) Cell Membranes = Phospholipids

3) Other Functions = Insulation, Hormones, and Water Repellants

Proteins

• Monomer = Amino Acids• Functions

1) Chemical Enzymes2) Cell Transport, Recognition, and

Cohesion3) Other Functions = Structure,

Movement, Pigmentation, Hormones, Defense

Nucleic Acids

• Monomer = Nucleotides

• Functions

1) Store & Transmit the Information to Make Proteins = DNA and RNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm