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Cells Part 1: Characteristics of Living Things
How do you know?
What characteristics does it have that makes you think
that way?
Introduction
Living or Non-living?
What makes something living?
For something to be considered living, it
must have each of these four characteristics.
Living?
All living things have things in common.
Living things consume materials used to build new structures or to replace damaged parts.
Living things grow.
Characteristic 1
One-celled organisms make exact copies of themselves
by binary fission.
Most living things make copies similar to themselves.
Living things reproduce.
Characteristic 2
The ability to change makes living things able to survive.
Living things respond to light, temperature, food, etc.
Living things respond to their environment.
Characteristic 3
One-celled organisms contain all the structures
needed to survive.
The cell is the basic unit of organization in living things.
Living things are organized.
Characteristic 4
Any Questions?
Cells Part 2: Cell Organelles
Cells are the smallest thing that carry out all the functions of life.
All living things are made of cells.
` All cells come from pre-existing cells.
The Cell Theory
The Cell Theory explains the importance of cells.
Cell Theory
Cell Size
There are 2 major types of cells.
Animal Cells Plant Cells
Types of Cells
Organelle means “little organ”.
Each of your organs performs a certain job for
your body, and each organelle performs a
certain job for the cell!
Organelles are tiny structures inside cells that carry out specific duties.
Cell Organelles
Animal Cell
The outer layer of the cell.
It also controls what comes in and
goes out of the cell.
The cell membrane forms a thin,
protective covering around the cell.
Cell Membrane
The liquid inside the cell.
It is mainly water, but contains food, proteins
and other chemicals.
The liquid inside cells which contains the organelles and all
other cell materials
Cytoplasm
The brain of the cell!
The information is in the form of DNA: the blueprint for all cells.
It holds information that a cell needs to function and to reproduce.
Nucleus
The roadways inside a cell!
It is similar to the network of pipes inside your home!
The “ER” is a series of passageways used
to transport things inside the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The post office of the cell!
The Golgi body creates vacuoles and puts
materials inside them.
The Golgi takes materials from the ER and packages it to be sent around the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
The storage cupboards of the cell.
Vacuoles store things until they are needed or
are removed.
Vacuoles are empty sacs that contain
water, food, wastes and other materials.
Vacuoles
The trash compactors of the cell.
Lysosomes are used to get rid of wastes
made by the cell.
Lysosomes contain chemicals called
enzymes that break down wastes.
Lysosomes
The powerhouse of the cell.
The more active a cell is, the more
mitochondria it has.
Mitochondria break down sugar using oxygen to produce energy for the cell.
Mitochondria
The builders of the cell!
Ribosomes are found on the ER and within
the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are tiny structures that produce new
proteins for the cell.
Ribosomes
Plant Cell
The protective wall around the cell.
The cell wall supports the cell
and makes it rigid.
The cell wall is a tough coating found just
outside the cell membrane.
Cell Wall
A large vacuole inside the cell.
The vacuole is like an over-filled water
balloon - it is hard!
The central vacuole holds mainly water and
is used to help keep the cell rigid.
Central Vacuole
The food factory inside the cell.
Chloroplasts contain a green chemical called
chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts use energy from the sun
to make sugar for the mitochondria.
Chloroplasts
Flexible shape
Small vacuoles
No chloroplasts
No cell wall
Animal Cells
Strong and rigid
One central vacuole
Many chloroplasts
Has a cell wall
Plant Cells
Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Any Questions?
Cells Part 3: Specialized Cells
Introduction
In larger organisms, cells are often very different looking from each other.
Plants and animals have many cells.
This is because some cells are specially
designed to perform a specific job.
Introduction
In larger organisms, cells are often very different looking from each other.
Plants and animals have many cells.
This is similar to a toolbox: each tool is specially shaped
to do a specific function.
This cells are called specialized cells.
Red Blood Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To transport oxygen around the body to
all of our cells.
• A flexible shape
• No nucleus
White Blood Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To protect the body from invaders.
(bacteria, viruses)
• Different types
• Some can grab!
Muscle Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To move the body by contracting and relaxing.
• Long, thin, & strong
• Lots of mitochondria
Nerve Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To carry messages around the body.
• Long and thin with many branches to connect to others!
Skin Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To form a tough outer layer around
the body.
• Thin and strong
• Overlap each other
Lung Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
Filter out dust and bad chemicals from our lungs.
• Have sticky cilia to trap small particles
Eye Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To detect color and to detect light and dark
• Cones see colors (R, G, B) and rods detect brightness
Egg Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Animals
To grow and develop into a
larger organism.
• A huge cell!
• Lots of food stores
Leaf Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Plants
To absorb sunlight to make food for
the plant.
• At top of the leaf
• Lots of chloroplasts
Guard Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Plants
To open and close holes at the bottom
of leaves.
• Sausage shaped
• Can shrink & swell
Pollen Cells
Main Function:
Structure:
Plants
To pollinate another flower far away.
• Light and sticky
• Carried easily
Unicellular Organisms
These organisms still perform all of the necessary life functions, including:
Unicellular organisms are made of only 1 cell.
Eating food Making energy
Removing waste Moving around
Growing Reproducing
Bacteria
Description:
Features:
Unicellular
Unicellular creatures that lives everywhere
on our planet!
• 3 shapes: rod, sphere & spiral
• No nucleus
Paramecium
Description:
Features:
A fast moving unicellular organism found in pond water.
• Tiny hairs called cilia that it uses to move around
Unicellular
Amoeba
Description:
Features:
A unicellular creature that lives in ponds, streams and rivers.
• Has flexible arms called pseudopods to grab its food
Unicellular
Euglena
Description:
Features:
A unicellular organism found in pond water.
• An animal that has chloroplasts!
• Has a flagellum
Unicellular
Volvox
Description:
Features:
A unicellular plant that lives in lakes
and oceans.
• Has chloroplasts • Combine together
to form colonies
Unicellular
Any Questions?
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