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6-1
Parte 7Comunicação
6-2
Bibliografia
[1] Miles J. Murdocca e Vincent P. Heuring, “Introdução à Arquitetura de Computadores”
[2] Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”
6-3
Modem Communication
• Communication over a telephone line with modems:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-4 Modulation Schemes
• Three common forms of modulation:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-5 Pulse Code Modulation
• Conversion of an analog signal into a PCM binary sequence:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-6
Ideal vs. Transmitted Waves
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-7 Transmission Media
• Transmissonmedia. (a) Two-wire open lines; (b) twisted-pair lines; (c) coaxial cable; (d) optical fiber; (e)satellites.
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-8 The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-9
A Few Network Topologies• (a) Bus; (b) ring; and (c) star network topologies.
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-10 Parity
• Even parity bits are assigned to a few ASCII characters:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-11
Check Bits• Check bits for a single error correcting ASCII code:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-12
SEC coded ‘a’
• Format for a single error correcting ASCII code:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-13
SEC Coded ‘d’
• Parity computation for an ASCII character in an SEC code:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-14
3-Bit SEC Hypercube• Hamming distance relationships among three-bit codewords.
Valid codewords are 000 and 111. The remaining codewordsrepresent errors.
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-15
LRC and VRC Checking
• Combined LRC and VRC checking. Checksum bits form even parity for each column.
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-16
Cyclic Redundancy Checking
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-17 Internet Protocol Stack
• Estrutura em camadas da pilha TCP/IP:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-18
Classes de Endereços IPv4
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-19
Encapsulação• Encapsulamento na pilha TCP/IP:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-20
Hub x
Roteador x
Switch
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-21
Self-Routing Switch• A 4×4 self-routing switch based on the bubblesort algorithm:
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-22
TDM vs. ATM• (a) Time division multiplexing vs. (b) asynchronous transfer
mode.
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-23
Formato da Célula ATM• (a) User-to-network interface (UNI) format; and (b) network-to-
network interface (NNI) format.
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
6-24
Uma Rede ATM Simples
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
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