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Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
USA
8
4
Ton
nes
of O
il Pe
r Per
son
Per
Yea
r
UKJapan ItalyAustria
Energy Usage
Energy Usage Per Capita
8.3 Tons of OilPer Person Per Year
USA
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Required70%
205076%
Now40%
205051%
Crop Land
Required Land
Residential
Existing3.2%
US17%
World
World Power Usage 10.000.000 tmto
17%
21%
18%
World
29%
17%
30%
Massachusetts
36%
21%
15%
US
Massachusetts Energy Usage
Energy Distribution
Boston
30% - Residential
29% - Traffic
>>> Decrease Residential & Traffic Energy
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Energy and Land Usage
Deep Change
Current Heading76%
Deep Change13%
Current Heading51%
Deep Change25%
Crop Land
Energy Usage
Future Scenarios: 2050
Residential
Current Heading
130 MillionBarrels of Oil
60 MillionBarrels of Oil
Deep Change
Current Heading76%
Deep Change13%
Current Heading51%
Deep Change25%
Crop Land
Energy Usage
Future Scenarios: 2050
Residential
Current Heading
130 MillionBarrels of Oil
60 MillionBarrels of Oil
Future Scenarios: 2050
Deep Change
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
London7.1 Mil
50%Employed
30%Cars
Amsterdam1.1 Mil
60%Employed
30%Cars
Barcelona1.6 Mil
50%Employed
Tokyo12.4 Mil
50%Employed
19%Cars
50%Cars
Boston0.5 Mil
50%Employed 70%
Cars
Urban Energy Configuration
4.400 p/km2
8.300 TOPPPY 70%Carof people in Boston own a
Ener
gy
Den
sity
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
London7.1 Mil
50%Employed
30%Cars
Amsterdam1.1 Mil
60%Employed
30%Cars
Barcelona1.6 Mil
50%Employed
Tokyo12.4 Mil
50%Employed
19%Cars
50%Cars
Boston0.5 Mil
50%Employed 70%
Cars
Energy and Land Usage
Energy & Density
Residential Energy down Density UPNo need for cars
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Walking Cities Compared
8000 pp/km28 TBO
4000 pp/km24 TBO
5600 pp/km2
4600 pp/km2
3.64 TBO
8.34 TBO
EnergyUsage
PopulationDensity
EnergyUsage
PopulationDensity
Copenhagen0.5 Mil
50%Employed65%
Jobs
Boston0.5 Mil
65%Jobs
20%Cars
32%Commute
70%Cars
58%Commute
50%Employed
Commute by Bike:
38% 2%
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Expected results without intervention
- Blackouts (already happening)
- War (already happening)
- Food competing with Oil for land
- Soaring Food Prices
- Famines
- Decimation of population
- Collapse of states
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Case Study: Cuba
- Soviet personnel left Cuba in 1991 – Soviet Union collapsed
- Ended economic subsidies – $6 billion annually.
- GDP down 85% in the first 2 years
- Population lost weight (average 20 lbs.) – 30% per capita calorie decline, Some cases of malnutrition and blindness
- Major decrease in material standard of living
Cuba went from normal to beyond Peak Oil overnight
History
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Case Study: Cuba
- Cuba abandoned the Soviet Industrial Model Changed from industrial/petrochemical farming to organic
- Introduced private farms and farmer markets
- Farms are smaller and use animal traction
- Maintained free decentralized medical system
- Used their limited oil resources to generate electricity
- De-emphasized private automobileTractors replaced by oxen
Special Period, After Peak Oil
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Case Study: Cuba
Involuntary vegetarianism – more energy efficient Meat eating went from twice a day to twice a week
Increased vegetable and viandas (starches) consumption Increased vegetable sources of protein
Decreased wheat and rice (Green Revolution) production
Urban gardens produce 50-80% of vegetables in cities Rural areas improved education for farmers Many people moved from Havana to the country
Wages raised for farmers, who are very well paid!
Little obesity now due to healthier diet and more physical work
Agricultural Response
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Case Study: CubaHousing Response
- Rooftop Gardens & Farming
- Low energy & local materials
- Passive solar designs
- Compact & high density
- Adaptive reuse of existing structures
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Pattern (a la Chris Alexander)
Problem:Mankind has lost touch with its own process of existence. Ashes to ashes, dust to dust, food to food, energy to energy, life to life. The logical operat-ing parameters of the biological chain of life are broken and we operate with-in the margin until the buffer zone has been depleted. Current cities are inherently unsus-tainable constructs. The chain is not closed, relying on a nonrenewable re-source above all else for everything we make and do, causing a spectrum of problems, predominantly when our unbridled hunger for raw energy is confronted with a lack of resources and a destruction of our habitat.
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Dead Animal
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Pattern
Core Solution:Reconnect civilization with the chain of biological existence. Make the system locally tight and assure that no single revolution within takes longer than a single generation.
Energy N
utrients
W
ater
M
ater
ials
1 Generation
Closed System
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Pattern
Tools/Methods for Application in Cities:
- Transport (produce, commute, transport types)
- Public space (lots & parking lots to agriculture, roads to parks & bike lanes, etc)
- Daily life (work at home, local vacations, communal food gardens etc)
- Density (Suburbs gone, smaller cities, more modest space per house, etc)
- Production (Local, symbiotic industry, recycling)
- Resources (full circle reuse of all materials, nutrients and energy)
- Buildings (Towards zero net energy for all residential and commercial existing buildings)
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
- High Density but no elevators
- Elimination of Personalized Motor Traffic
- Minimalization of Transport
- Self-Serviceability
- Full Bicycle and Pedestrian amenities
- Mixed Demographic & Program
- Modesty in Amenities & Space Consumption
Pattern
Immediate Urban Requirements:
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
- Long-Life Construction (100+ years)
- Regional/Local & Recycled Materials & Labor
- Programmatically Convertible Design
- Anticipate Work-At-Home
- Increase Biodiversity & Biomass
- Application of Renewable Energy Sources
- Modesty in Provision
Pattern
Immediate Architectural Requirements:
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Pattern adjusted for Arid climate
Take advantage of local conditions:
Climate: High diurnal swing, dry, high solar radiation
- Use thermal mass, Night Purge, Mass Shading & Wind stacks - Harness Solar Energy (Boilers, Boiler Plants & PV’s) Fragile & arid soil:
- Necessity of suitable agricultural plant species (limited to no irrigation, regenerative plants... ) - Materials: Rammed Earth, Clay & Wood (high thermal mass)
Cities After PeAk Oil Team Crazy Kitten
Pattern adjusted for Arid climate
What NOT to do
- Cities that rely on a completely artificial conditioning of climate
- Buildings that ignore local conditions
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