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Phono-Logical TheoriesBBK
Spring 2013
6: Optimality Theory
Problems with the linear model - recap
●With (the) derivation●No logical connection / causal relation between structural description and structural change●=> overgenerates●abstract UR's, extrinsic rule ordering, intermediate repr's●solution: non-derivational theories:●Government Phonology (GP)●Optimality Theory (OT)
OT: intro
● UG contains a set of violable constraints● constraints: universal properties of lang● each lang has its own ranking for these
constraints● differences between constraint rankings =>
different patterns => systematic variation between languages
● ranking: A >> B
OT: intro
● fundamental conflict: markedness constraints vs. faithfulness constraints
● markedness constraints, e.g. ONSET, NoCoda●
OT: intro
OT: intro
● fundamental conflict: markedness constraints vs. faithfulness constraints
● markedness constraints, e.g. ONSET, NoCoda● faithfulness constraints: require that the output
be identical to the input●
OT: intro
OT: intro
● fundamental conflict: markedness constraints vs. faithfulness constraints
● markedness constraints, e.g. ONSET, NoCoda● faithfulness constraints: require that the output
be identical to the input● a constraint may be violated successfully only
in order to satisfy a higher-ranked constraint● Principles and Parameters replaced by
language-particular ranking of universal constraints
OT: intro
● output-oriented: "conspiracy" of phonological regularities
● standard representations, novel mechanism for "derivation" (evaluation)
● originally developed for phonology, later applied to syntax, morphology and other branches of linx
OT: the structure of grammar
OT: the constraints
OT: the structure of grammar
OT: the structure of grammar
OT: the structure of grammar
Summary
Example: Dutch
Example: Dutch
Example: Dutch vs. English
Example: allophonic variation
Example: allophonic variation
Example: allophonic variation
Example: allophonic variation
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