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8/6/2019 PRC PDA: Zhengding Sanitation (Final Report)
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HEBEI SAMLL CITIES AND TOWNS
DEVELOPMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT (Loan 2574- PRC)
Knowledge and Innovation Support for ADB’s Water Financing Program
RETA 6498
Pilot and Demonstration Activity for PRC: Pilot Implementation of School
and Community-Based Information and Education Program for Water
and Sanitation in Zhengding County
COMPLETION REPORT
Prepared by
Hebei Small Cities and Towns Development Demonstration
Sector Project Management Office
April 2011
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Basic Data of the Project
Funding Source: Asian Development Bank
Name of the Project: Pilot Implementation of School and Community-Based
Information and Education Program for Water and
Sanitation in Zhengding County
Executing Agency: HPMO
Implementing Agency: ZPMO
Agreement Signed: 13 April 2010
Activity Start date: 13 April 2010
Activity Completion date: 13 April 2011
Project Location: Zhengding County, Hebei Province, P. R. China
Project Budget: US$ 50,000
Estimated Project Actual Expenditure: RMB 33,000 Yuan
Exchange Rate: USD1=RMB6.6
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Background and Context………………………………………5
1.1 Global Development Context………………………………………………5
1.2 Severe Challenges………………………………………………………….5
1.3 The Objectives and Outcomes of the Project…………………………....6
1.4 The Project Area and Its Relevance………………………………………7
Chapter 2 Methods Applied and Main Outputs………………………….8
2.1 Methods Applied and Processes Followed and the Rationale………….8
2.2 Main Outputs………………………………………………………………..11
2.3 Project Expenditure………………………………………………………..24
Chapter 3 Project Outcomes and Lessons Learned………………….25
3.1 Outcomes So Far…………………………………………………………..25
3.2 Major Lessons Learned…………………………………………………...28
List of Tables
Table 1: Major Activities Undertaken During Project…………………………..9
Table 2: Zhengding PDA Training plan…………………………………………14
Table 3: Installation of Billboards…………………………………………….....22
Table 4: Comparison between Baseline and Follow-up Investigation……...24
Table 5: Actual Project Expenditure………………………………………..…..25
Appendices:
Appendix A Training Materials in PPT Format
Appendix B PDA Promotion Booklet
Appendix C Presentations Given by Teacher and Student Representatives
at Final Training and PDA Completion Workshop
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Chapter 1 Background and Context
This report presents activities undertaken, outputs and outcomes achieved in
implementing Zhengding PDA project in 5 beneficiary schools where sanitation
facilities were rehabilitated and running water points for hand washing were
equipped, while capacity building and training of teachers, children and
parents resulted in change of behaviors and improved environments.
1.1 Global Development Context
It has been widely recognized that the access of children to basic facilities
such as school toilets, safe drinking water, clean surroundings and basic
information on hygiene has an inseparable link to improved health and quality
learning, since schools are important places for children to learn and develop
their cognitive ability, the availability of clean water, adequate sanitation and
hygiene education has a profound impact on the health of children and on
learning environment. It is directly related not only to physical, mental health of
children, but ultimately to economic and social development of the society as a
whole.
Recognizing the strong linkages and importance of children as agents for
behavioral change, the urgent need to invest in water, sanitation and hygiene
education in and around schools is articulated in several internationally-agreed
goals, among which, the Millennium Development Goals is the most important
one. In the Millennium Declaration (2000), the targets call for efforts to
“achieve universal primary school education for every child on earth by 2015”
and to halve the proportion of people living without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation by the year 2015. The World Summit on
Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in 2002 also stresses the importance
of taking necessary actions and measures to improve water and sanitation in
public institutions, especially schools, to promote safe hygiene practices
among all children.
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1.2 Severe Challenges
Despite all the efforts made by international communities and progress
reported world-wide in recent decades, study shows that, globally, about 1.5
million children under the age of five die each year and 443 million school days
are lost because of water and sanitation related diseases. In case of China,
while marked progress has been made in last two decades – access to safe
water and safe sanitation is 88% and 65% respectively in urban area, in some
rural areas of China, however, access to improved water and sanitation
condition is still a concern, there are about 38% rural population in China that
did not have access to tap water, and only 31 percent of rural toilets reachhygienic standards. The situation is not much better in schools, especially in
some rural schools where water facilities remain poor, students are still using
open-air toilets with poor sewage treatment systems or suffering from a lack of
such facilities. Advocacy of water and sanitation related knowledge at schools
is not given adequate attention. A recent survey of 15,000 rural schools in
China revealed that less than 10% of them had adequate water, sanitation and
hand washing facilities. Hebei province is facing a similar problem, where
coverage rates for environmental services are inadequate and pollution levels
are high. Many areas of small cities and towns in general and schools in
particular suffer from inadequate potable water supply and inadequate
wastewater collection and treatment facilities, which create a serious threat to
public health.
1.3 Project Objectives and Expected Outcomes
As a joint effort responding to water and sanitation challenges, Zhengding PDA
project funded by ADB’s Water Financing Program was started to implement in
April 2010. The primary objective of the Project is to promote environmental
awareness in water supply and sanitation projects through advocacy,
information and education, training and capacity development of local
communities and local governments. It aims to build capacities of schools and
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communities in order to facilitate change in behavior and attitude among
people, and promote better understanding of the linkage between protecting
the environment and maintenance of good health.
More specifically, the outcomes of the Project are the increased awareness of
urban residents on hygiene, public health and environmental aspect related to
water conservation and sanitation, which will be achieved by: (i) conducting a
series of educational and awareness promotion activities for children and
school teachers from five selected schools in Zhengding county on public
hygiene, water conservation and sanitation; and (ii) minor rehabilitation ofwater and sanitation facilities in 5 selected schools.
1.4 The Project Area and Its Relevance
Zhengding is a county in Hebei Province approximately 280 kilometers south
of Beijing, China. It is under the administration of nearby city of Shijiazhuang,
the capital of Hebei Province and has a population of 437,000, of which about
381,000 is rural residents, containing 12 towns and townships as well as 225
villages. In 2010 its total fiscal revenue is about 800 million Yuan, ranking 22
out of 172 in the province. GDP per capita in 2009 is 31,060 yuan, with an
annual growth rate of 11.9%.
As a subproject county under ADB financed Hebei Small Cities and Towns
Development Demonstration Sector Project (HSCTDDSP), it is one of the
counties that are badly affected by lack of urban environmental services in the
province due to a rapid speed of urbanization. Further socioeconomic survey
and focus group discussions at PPTA stage indicated that sanitation facilities
such as public toilets, wastewater treatment and solid waste facilities are
inadequate.
Same is the scenario in schools. Initial visits and baseline survey found that, in
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general, schools are complete in basic water and sanitation infrastructures.
Access to safe water system is up to 100% in the surveyed areas, both at
home and at school, overall 90% of the schools are connected to water
distribution networks, 10% use self prepared wells. However, none of the
schools provides safe drinking water on site for free, students have to bring
drinking water in bottle from home. The existing toilets look clean and tidy from
outside, however, the inside situation is unsatisfactory due to non-connection
with public sewers. There is row of squatting holes, used both for defecation
and urination. The accumulated excreta are stacked up in a ditch just behind
the wall of the toilet building. Hand washing after defecation is almostnon-existent.
In terms of water and sanitation related knowledge, hygienic hand washing
occurs in 40% of households, while washing hands with soap is neither
promoted nor is being practiced in school hours. The exact knowledge on
water borne diseases for teachers and students is low, but drinking boiled
water or bottled water is highly promoted at school and at home. The school
curricula on water and sanitation education have not so far been given priority
for primary and middle school level in Zhengding. There are sporadic pieces
on the subject in the text books, but lack of information about the relation
between water, sanitation, hygiene behavior and health, including objectives,
contents, suggested activities and reference to resource material.
Chapter 2 Methods Applied and Main Outputs
2.1 Methods Applied and Process Followed and the Rationale
There are two key components under PDA project, one is the “soft” part, i.e.
the development and implementation of education program, the other is the
“hard” part, minor rehabilitation of school sanitation facilities in selected school
locations. Because the rehabilitation of toilets needs to be done at a time when
the toilets are not in use, and education program need to be holistically
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planned before implementing it, and importantly, no behavioral changes in
hygiene and sanitation can easily occur unless safe and adequate sanitary
facilities are made available, therefore the implementation approach for these
two parts was to undertake with two distinctive but parallel steps,the first step
was the implementation of toilet project, while education program is being
planned and prepared. The second step was to implement the education
program.
Specifically, the procurement for toilets rehabilitation project was started in late
June and the implementation was taken place in August 2010 during school
summer vacation and in October national holiday respectively. Since the
estimated cost for the works was around USD20,000, it was procured through
shopping method consistent with ADB procurement guidelines. All the works
were completed before submission of mid-term report, in which an extensive
description of tendering and construction process including photos of works
before and after project was given.
For the education program, it is primarily aimed at building capacities of
schools and communities in order to facilitate change in behavior and attitude
among students and teachers, and promote better understanding of the
linkage between protecting the environment and maintenance of good health,
to achieve this, in-depth baseline survey surveys together with focus groupdiscussion were conducted. Then, the result of the survey was used for
establishing monitoring framework, preparing training materials, planning and
conducting training workshops, and promoting public awareness of water
related hygiene knowledge and practices.
The detailed activities under the project are summarized in Table 1 below:
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Table 1: Major Activities Undertaken during ProjectActivities Methods Applied Time Parties Involved
Rehabilitation of Toilets
Orientation of
PDA project
Face to face discussions
regarding objective ofthe project, the generalapproach and relevant
procedures
Mid-may 2010 HPMO, ZPMO, ZEB,
ZFB, ZUMB, schoolleaders
Investigation onexisting water and
wastewaterfacilities at
schools
Site visits torecommended schools
and agreed upon criteriafor selecting the
beneficiary schools
Early June 2010 HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,
ZUMB
Final identificationof beneficiaryschools
Field trips;
Meetings;
Late June 2010 HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB
Tendering
process
Shopping Method:
Preparation of bidding
document (costestimate, bill of
quantities);
Invitation for bid;
Bid opening andevaluation;
Award of contract;
Mid June through
end of July 2010;
consultants, ZPMO,
ZFB and ZUMB
Implementation ofRehabilitation
project
Field trips Early August 2010;
Late September –early October 2010
Consultants,contractor ,ZPMO
Education Program
Orientation ofPDA project
Face to face discussionsregarding objective of
the project, the generalapproach and relevant
procedures
Mid-may 2010 HPMO, ZPMO, ZEB,ZFB, ZUMB, school
leaders
Preparation of
education
program
Review of second hand
data;
Review of relatedproject documents;
Sites visits;
Designing andConducting baselinesurvey to question the
students, teachers and
parents on behaviors,
Mid –June through
late October 2010
HPMO, consultants,
ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,
ZUMB
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skills and practices;
Focus group discussion;
Findings and results ofbaseline survey and
focus group discussionare used for trainingprograms and
development ofmonitoring indicators.
Development ofTraining Plan
Deciding overall trainingobjective;
Deciding training
calendar and targeted
trainees;Preparation of training
materials and PPT
Late Octoberthrough late
November 2010
HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,
ZUMB
Conductingtrainingworkshops
training of 20 coretrainers;
distribution of trainingmaterials;
subsequent trainingsprovided by trainedtrainers at each school
Mid–Novemberthroughmid-January 2011
HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB; school
managers, teachers
students, parents
Distribution and
Installation ofawareness raising
materials
Design, printing and
distributing calendars;
Design and installingbillboards;
December 2010 HPMO, consultants,
ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB and school
managers
Organizingdrawing
competition
Deciding the theme ofthe drawing competition;
Evaluate the drawings
and selecting the first,second and third prizes
November throughDecember 2010
HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,
ZUMB and school
managers, teachersand students
Final Training and
PDA CompletionWorkshop
Presentation by HPMO
director, teacherrepresentatives from
five schools, andstudent representatives,Awarding the winners in
drawing competition
March 29 2011 HPMO, consultants,
ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB and school
managers, teachersand students, andcommunities leaders
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2.2 Main Outputs
The main outputs of the PDA project include the followings:
(1) Rehabilitated five school toilets and constructed three running water points
for after toilets hand washing.
a. Xiguan Primary School New Water Point and rehabilitated toilet
b. Zhengding Kindergarten Sensor automatic sensor water tap and
rehabilitated toilet
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c. Hui Ethnic Group Primary School rehabilitated toilet and water point
d. Zhengding Town Middle School and New Water Point
e. Shengli Street Primary School rehabilitated toilet and water point
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(2) Education Program
a. development of training plan
The training plan prepared on the basis of the findings of two baseline surveys
and focus group discussion is shown in Table 2 below:
Table 2: Zhengding PDA Training plan
Overall Objective Specific Contents Training
Calendar
Participants Location
1) enabling pilot
schools to get abetterunderstanding
about the
importance ofcreating a healthy
and safe water andsanitation learningenvironment;
2) helping students
develop better
hygiene practices,particularly those inavoiding water and
sanitation relateddiseases;
3) promotingoutreach to andbenefits for family
and community
- the idea of PDA
-basic knowledgeabout water,wastewater and
water resources;
-knowledge of
water bornediseases;
-Importance ofschool toilets, its
proper use and
O&M;
-Importance of
clean schoolenvironment for
the health of
students;
• Importance and
need for waterand hygiene
education for
school children
Mid November2010
Core teachers,school heads andparents
Conferenceroom at alocal hotel
LateNovember2010
Each core teacherprovide training atleast to 5 teachers
of their schools
Classroomsof fiveschools
December
through
January 2011
Outreach training
to students and
parents by trainedteachers
Classrooms
of five
school
During 2011
wintervacation
Students pass
what they havelearned at schoolto families
households
b. Preparation of training materials
Firstly, based on second hand data review along with the results of the
baseline survey, three PPT with respective titles were developed, which are
attached to this final report as Annex A: (1) An introduction to the broader
context in which the pilot project would be implemented, including concept,
objectives, content and output Zhengding PDA;(2) Water and Health, including
transmission routes and barriers of water and sanitation-related diseases; (3)The importance of water conservancy.
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Secondly, a water and sanitation promotion booklet was developed, which
consists of five sections covering basic information and knowledge about
water and sanitation, water conservancy, wastewater prevention and
management as well as the relation of water and sanitation to health. A total of
500 booklets were distributed to schools and relevant local government
departments. This booklet is attached as Annex B.
c. Implementation of training workshops
Training for 100 teachers and parents as well as for 2500 students was
organized on a phase-in approach. The first phase training started with training
of core teachers, which took place on 19 November 2010 at the conference
room at Huayang Hotel in Zhengding county. Over 50 people participated in
this one day workshop, including 20 core trainers from 5 schools. Other
participants were school heads, community leaders, local news paper
reporters as well as officials from a variety of local government institutions
including ZEB, ZHB, ZFB, ZPMO and HPMO. At this workshop, participants
not only gained understanding on how the PDA project is implemented,
learned some knowledge about water and health, environment and health but
also made very good suggestions to the implementation plan and training plan.
Picture above: training for the core teachers
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The second phase and the third phase workshop were organized from mid
November 2010 through January under the guidance and supervision of
HPMO, ZPMO and consultants. During this period, the leaders of each school
attached great importance to the training activities and training plan was
worked out and variety of training methods were carefully designed and
adopted. In total, during the second and third phase of training, about 400
teachers, 6000 students and 200 parents were trained.
Pictures: The Head of Xiguan Primary School was giving presentation to
teachers and parents
Pictures: Students at Xiguan Primary School are listening to their
teachers attentively
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Pictures: Training activities in Zhengding Kindergarten
Pictures: Training activities in Shengli Street primary School
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Picture: School head in Shengli Primary School is giving a speech to
motivate students to participate PDA activities
Pictures below: Trained teacher is giving presentation to other teachers
And students are being trained at
Zhengding Town Middle School
Pictures: Training activities at Hui Ethnic Group Primary School
1. Teachers are receiving training 2. Class meeting themed
“water and health”
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Pictures: Water saving promotion on blackboard and wall papers by
students
Final training and PDA completion workshop was held on 29 March 2011.
There are more than 60 participants at the workshop, including staff from
HPMO, ZPMO, relevant local departments, school heads, teacher and student
representatives, parents and communities leaders. Some teachers from
non-pilot schools also were invited to attend the workshop for the sake of next
step scaling up. At the completion workshop, Mr. Wu Jianming, director of
HPMO reviewed the major activities taken under project, major outputs and
outcomes, lessons learned, etc. In addition, he also made recommendations
for the next stage work in order to have a long lasting effect of PDA. After Mr.
Wu’s speech, five teachers and two students from pilot schools also gave
presentations on the training and promotion activities in implementing PDA ateach particular school, this way, experiences and lessons of project were
shared. Mr. Wu Jianming’s speech, presentations of teachers and students are
attached as Appendix C to this completion report.
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Picture: PDA final training and completion workshop
Pictures: teacher representatives are presenting at PDA final
training and completion workshop
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Picture: Students are sharing with attendants what they think about
water, environment and health
Picture: students are receiving drawing competition awards at final
training and PDA completion workshop
d. organizing drawing competition
From November through December 2010, a drawing competition for children
between age 6-12 was organized with the theme: “Ancient town, environment
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and Me”. The number of children participated in the competition was nearly
600. The drawings were evaluated by an evaluation committee headed by
media consultant. Respectively, 12 children were awarded the first prize, 24
children were awarded second prize, and about 160 were awarded third prize.
Picture: Drawings are being carefully compared and evaluated
e.Preparation and distribution awareness raising materials
After many times discussions among HPMO, ZPMO, beneficiary schools and
consultants, it is finally decided that the awareness raising activities are
achieved through the following methods:
Installation of Billboards
Each beneficiary school was installed two pieces of billboards with basic
knowledge and information on water related personal hygiene as shown in the
following table:
Table 3: Installation of Billboards
Beneficiary Schools No of
Billboards
Specifications Location
Xiguan Primary School 2 1.22 x 3.32 On the Corridor
Hui Ethnic Group Primary
School
2 1.2 x 2.4 Outside school
building
Zhengding Town Middle
School
2 1.2 x 1.8 On the Corridor
Shengli Street Primary School 2 2.3 x 5.2 m On the outside wall
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Zhengding County
Kindergarten
2 0.5 x 0.5 Above washbasin
Picture: Zhengding Town Middle School
Picture above: Zhengding
Kindergarten
Pictures: Hui Ethnic Group Primary School students are watching
Health promotion billboard
f. Development and distribution of table calendar and wall calendar
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Instead of printing leaflets or bulletins, we developed table calendar and wall
calendar as they are multi-functional, not only having promotion effects but
also having practical utility, while students, teachers and households use it
everyday, understanding of water, sanitation and hygiene knowledge can be
strengthened. There are 450 table calendar and 1800 wall calendars were
printed and distributed to schools and households.
Picture: Teacher at Zhengding Kindergarten is distributing calendars
G.development of promotion booklets
About 60 volumes of colored booklets were distributed to beneficiary schools
and relevant local departments. 2000 volumes of plain promotion booklets
were distributed to other non project schools, almost covering all the schools in
Zhengding county.
Picture: Calendars and Promotion Booklets
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2.4 Project Expenditure
The following table summarized budget breakdown of the project, including
original allocation, expenditures incurred and main activities that these funds
are used for as of the completion of Project. Until this final report period, RMB
264,312 yuan, an equivalence of USD40,000 were advanced to project
account, of which CNY139,335.40, equivalent to $20,611.75 has been
liquidated by ADB based on exchange rate used when 1st advance was
made.
Table 5: Estimated Project Expenditure
(to be validated at final liquidation)
Activities Original Allocation(USD)
EstimatedExpenditures
(RMB)
1. Consultancya) Water & Sanitation Specialists(including travel costs and per diem);
b) media specialist (including travelcosts and per diem)
9,300
4,700
61380( 2p/m pluslump sumtransportationexpenditure)31020 (1p/m plus
lump sumtransportationexpenditure)
2.Service Contractorsa) rehabilitation of 5 school toiletsb) Translator for information and
education programc) Production of materials for video,
billboards, and IEP brochures,and calendar, and art competition
200002000
10000
128,116.413,500
66000
3. Training of trainers for parents,teachers, and community leaders
4000 26400
4. Purchase and/or rent of officeequipment and supplies for direct use by
the project
In-kind contributionfrom EA and IA
5. Rental and associated costs foroffice space
In-kind contributionfrom EA and IA
6. Other costs such as reports andcommunication
In-kind contributionfrom EA and IA
Total 50000
Notes: USD 1 = RMB 6.60 Yuan
Chapter 3 Project Outcomes and Lessons Learned
3.1 Outcomes so far
a. Awareness on water and sanitation is greatly increased.
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The baseline developed at earlier stage of project implementation was used as
a basis for measuring awareness on water and sanitation and hygiene
behavior change of the students, parents and teachers over time. While time
did not allow for a complete survey to measure actual behavior changes,
HPMO did required each beneficiary school to do a simple Key performance
Indicator (KPI) investigation in order to have some preliminary results, Table 4
below presents results that are therefore only indicative of overall progress.
Table 4: Comparison between Baseline and Follow-up Investigation
Key Performance Indicators Baseline
Status
Follow-up
Investigation
Percentage of interviewee think school toilets are
maintained adequately
42.3% 82.1%
Percentage of students have easy access to running water
hand washing points after using toilets
30% 100%
Percentage of students practise correct hand washing? 9.5% 91%
Percentage of interviewee awareness of water
conservancy
91% 98%
Percentage of hygienic hand washing occurs in
households,
40% 89%
Percentage of teachers correctly explain what sanitationand hygiene means?
51% 95%
Percentage of interviewees’ knowledge on water borne
diseases
27% 73%
Percentage of educational materials being used in the
class about water related hygiene?
5% 90%
Sample Size 750 600
Picture: dedicated staff are maintaining toilets at Zhengding kindergarten
and Shengli Primary School
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Pictures: Students joins facility maintaining program
b. Multiplier effect of educational program is obvious
During the implementation of PDA educational program, more than 2500
students have received training and participated in all kinds of awareness
raising and promotion activities. But the coverage of the education has a far
greater reach. Through the students, key water health and hygiene information,
knowledge and correct behaviors flow to the communities and households.
According to the follow-up investigation, the percentage of family members’
awareness of water conservancy, sanitation related knowledge and practicing
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of appropriate behavior has been greatly increased after the implementation of
project.
c. Capacity of staff at each level of governments are effectively strengthened
During project implementation, staff from EA, IA and other relevant local
government departments have exerted great efforts to the project, participating
passionately in organizing, managing and monitoring the progress, which not
only enabled them to gain water and sanitation related knowledge and good
practice in project management, but also thought innovatively and creatively
while organizing training and other awareness raising activities, therefore theircapacity have been substantially enhanced.
d. PDA project has triggered the local action for formulating relevant policies
The implementation of PDA not only has brought changes to benefit students,
parents and teachers in project schools through conducting a series of training
and awareness raising activities to strengthen the beneficiaries’ understanding
about the relations between water and health, water and environment, water
and development, thereby enabling them to consciously joint the efforts of
protecting environment and water resources, meanwhile, it also pushed the
development of relevant local policies and measures, particularly in water and
sanitation related education program at schools, and overall planning of
investment in water and toilets rehabilitation program for schools.
3.2 Major experiences and lessons learned
a. Continuity and repetition of training
In order to achieve desired result, training should not be treated as a one time
event, rather an on going activity, which should be done repetitively. School
water and sanitation program need to be set up and relevant learning materials
need to be developed. Moreover, the follow-up by supervisors, school
management and core teachers are critical to the success of training.
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b. Need for well maintained hardware facilities
As previously mentioned, water and sanitation facilities are necessary to
create a healthy environment in and around the school. However, it is equally
important to have an efficient and effective maintenance program plus
sufficient finance for maintenance for the long lasting safe use of the students
and teachers.
c. Selection of most suitable vehicle to strengthen the effect of promotion
Given the characteristics of school age children, very simple PPT slides with
many vivid pictures were prepared, and we also distributed table and wall
calendars with many water and sanitation related knowledge and information,
so that each time they use the calendar, their knowledge will be strengthened.
d. Sharing experiences with each other
Experiences that are gained in each beneficiary school should be shared with
others. In doing this, during the PDA completion workshop we asked
representatives of each school to give a presentation on the major measures
used in conducting training and promotion activities and key experiences and
lessons learned.
e. Setting effective coordinating and monitoring scheme
Strong leadership and enhanced ownership are critical to the successful
implementation of PDA project. From the beginning of implementation, a
coordinating and monitoring scheme responsible for the planning,
implementation and monitoring of projects is set up to obtain the commitment
of the relevant staff and government department at all levels, which contribute
greatly to the successful implementation of the project.
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