PRC PDA: Zhengding Sanitation (Final Report)

8/6/2019 PRC PDA: Zhengding Sanitation (Final Report)

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HEBEI SAMLL CITIES AND TOWNS

DEVELOPMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT (Loan 2574- PRC)

Knowledge and Innovation Support for ADB’s Water Financing Program

RETA 6498

Pilot and Demonstration Activity for PRC: Pilot Implementation of School

and Community-Based Information and Education Program for Water

and Sanitation in Zhengding County

COMPLETION REPORT

Prepared by

Hebei Small Cities and Towns Development Demonstration

Sector Project Management Office

April 2011





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Basic Data of the Project

Funding Source: Asian Development Bank

Name of the Project: Pilot Implementation of School and Community-Based

Information and Education Program for Water and

Sanitation in Zhengding County

Executing Agency: HPMO

Implementing Agency: ZPMO

Agreement Signed: 13 April 2010

Activity Start date: 13 April 2010

Activity Completion date: 13 April 2011

Project Location: Zhengding County, Hebei Province, P. R. China

Project Budget: US$ 50,000

Estimated Project Actual Expenditure: RMB 33，000 Yuan

Exchange Rate: USD1=RMB6.6



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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Background and Context………………………………………5

1.1 Global Development Context………………………………………………5

1.2 Severe Challenges………………………………………………………….5

1.3 The Objectives and Outcomes of the Project…………………………....6

1.4 The Project Area and Its Relevance………………………………………7

Chapter 2 Methods Applied and Main Outputs………………………….8

2.1 Methods Applied and Processes Followed and the Rationale………….8

2.2 Main Outputs………………………………………………………………..11

2.3 Project Expenditure………………………………………………………..24

Chapter 3 Project Outcomes and Lessons Learned………………….25

3.1 Outcomes So Far…………………………………………………………..25

3.2 Major Lessons Learned…………………………………………………...28

List of Tables

Table 1: Major Activities Undertaken During Project…………………………..9

Table 2: Zhengding PDA Training plan…………………………………………14

Table 3: Installation of Billboards…………………………………………….....22

Table 4: Comparison between Baseline and Follow-up Investigation……...24

Table 5: Actual Project Expenditure………………………………………..…..25

Appendices:

Appendix A Training Materials in PPT Format

Appendix B PDA Promotion Booklet

Appendix C Presentations Given by Teacher and Student Representatives

at Final Training and PDA Completion Workshop



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Chapter 1 Background and Context

This report presents activities undertaken, outputs and outcomes achieved in

implementing Zhengding PDA project in 5 beneficiary schools where sanitation

facilities were rehabilitated and running water points for hand washing were

equipped, while capacity building and training of teachers, children and

parents resulted in change of behaviors and improved environments.

1.1 Global Development Context

It has been widely recognized that the access of children to basic facilities

such as school toilets, safe drinking water, clean surroundings and basic

information on hygiene has an inseparable link to improved health and quality

learning, since schools are important places for children to learn and develop

their cognitive ability, the availability of clean water, adequate sanitation and

hygiene education has a profound impact on the health of children and on

learning environment. It is directly related not only to physical, mental health of

children, but ultimately to economic and social development of the society as a

whole.

Recognizing the strong linkages and importance of children as agents for

behavioral change, the urgent need to invest in water, sanitation and hygiene

education in and around schools is articulated in several internationally-agreed

goals, among which, the Millennium Development Goals is the most important

one. In the Millennium Declaration (2000), the targets call for efforts to

“achieve universal primary school education for every child on earth by 2015”

and to halve the proportion of people living without sustainable access to safe

drinking water and basic sanitation by the year 2015. The World Summit on

Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in 2002 also stresses the importance

of taking necessary actions and measures to improve water and sanitation in

public institutions, especially schools, to promote safe hygiene practices

among all children.



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1.2 Severe Challenges

Despite all the efforts made by international communities and progress

reported world-wide in recent decades, study shows that, globally, about 1.5

million children under the age of five die each year and 443 million school days

are lost because of water and sanitation related diseases. In case of China,

while marked progress has been made in last two decades – access to safe

water and safe sanitation is 88% and 65% respectively in urban area, in some

rural areas of China, however, access to improved water and sanitation

condition is still a concern, there are about 38% rural population in China that

did not have access to tap water, and only 31 percent of rural toilets reachhygienic standards. The situation is not much better in schools, especially in

some rural schools where water facilities remain poor, students are still using

open-air toilets with poor sewage treatment systems or suffering from a lack of

such facilities. Advocacy of water and sanitation related knowledge at schools

is not given adequate attention. A recent survey of 15,000 rural schools in

China revealed that less than 10% of them had adequate water, sanitation and

hand washing facilities. Hebei province is facing a similar problem, where

coverage rates for environmental services are inadequate and pollution levels

are high. Many areas of small cities and towns in general and schools in

particular suffer from inadequate potable water supply and inadequate

wastewater collection and treatment facilities, which create a serious threat to

public health.

1.3 Project Objectives and Expected Outcomes

As a joint effort responding to water and sanitation challenges, Zhengding PDA

project funded by ADB’s Water Financing Program was started to implement in

April 2010. The primary objective of the Project is to promote environmental

awareness in water supply and sanitation projects through advocacy,

information and education, training and capacity development of local

communities and local governments. It aims to build capacities of schools and



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communities in order to facilitate change in behavior and attitude among

people, and promote better understanding of the linkage between protecting

the environment and maintenance of good health.

More specifically, the outcomes of the Project are the increased awareness of

urban residents on hygiene, public health and environmental aspect related to

water conservation and sanitation, which will be achieved by: (i) conducting a

series of educational and awareness promotion activities for children and

school teachers from five selected schools in Zhengding county on public

hygiene, water conservation and sanitation; and (ii) minor rehabilitation ofwater and sanitation facilities in 5 selected schools.

1.4 The Project Area and Its Relevance

Zhengding is a county in Hebei Province approximately 280 kilometers south

of Beijing, China. It is under the administration of nearby city of Shijiazhuang,

the capital of Hebei Province and has a population of 437,000, of which about

381,000 is rural residents, containing 12 towns and townships as well as 225

villages. In 2010 its total fiscal revenue is about 800 million Yuan, ranking 22

out of 172 in the province. GDP per capita in 2009 is 31,060 yuan, with an

annual growth rate of 11.9%.

As a subproject county under ADB financed Hebei Small Cities and Towns

Development Demonstration Sector Project (HSCTDDSP), it is one of the

counties that are badly affected by lack of urban environmental services in the

province due to a rapid speed of urbanization. Further socioeconomic survey

and focus group discussions at PPTA stage indicated that sanitation facilities

such as public toilets, wastewater treatment and solid waste facilities are

inadequate.

Same is the scenario in schools. Initial visits and baseline survey found that, in



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general, schools are complete in basic water and sanitation infrastructures.

Access to safe water system is up to 100% in the surveyed areas, both at

home and at school, overall 90% of the schools are connected to water

distribution networks, 10% use self prepared wells. However, none of the

schools provides safe drinking water on site for free, students have to bring

drinking water in bottle from home. The existing toilets look clean and tidy from

outside, however, the inside situation is unsatisfactory due to non-connection

with public sewers. There is row of squatting holes, used both for defecation

and urination. The accumulated excreta are stacked up in a ditch just behind

the wall of the toilet building. Hand washing after defecation is almostnon-existent.

In terms of water and sanitation related knowledge, hygienic hand washing

occurs in 40% of households, while washing hands with soap is neither

promoted nor is being practiced in school hours. The exact knowledge on

water borne diseases for teachers and students is low, but drinking boiled

water or bottled water is highly promoted at school and at home. The school

curricula on water and sanitation education have not so far been given priority

for primary and middle school level in Zhengding. There are sporadic pieces

on the subject in the text books, but lack of information about the relation

between water, sanitation, hygiene behavior and health, including objectives,

contents, suggested activities and reference to resource material.

Chapter 2 Methods Applied and Main Outputs

2.1 Methods Applied and Process Followed and the Rationale

There are two key components under PDA project, one is the “soft” part, i.e.

the development and implementation of education program, the other is the

“hard” part, minor rehabilitation of school sanitation facilities in selected school

locations. Because the rehabilitation of toilets needs to be done at a time when

the toilets are not in use, and education program need to be holistically



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planned before implementing it, and importantly, no behavioral changes in

hygiene and sanitation can easily occur unless safe and adequate sanitary

facilities are made available, therefore the implementation approach for these

two parts was to undertake with two distinctive but parallel steps，the first step

was the implementation of toilet project, while education program is being

planned and prepared. The second step was to implement the education

program.

Specifically, the procurement for toilets rehabilitation project was started in late

June and the implementation was taken place in August 2010 during school

summer vacation and in October national holiday respectively. Since the

estimated cost for the works was around USD20,000, it was procured through

shopping method consistent with ADB procurement guidelines. All the works

were completed before submission of mid-term report, in which an extensive

description of tendering and construction process including photos of works

before and after project was given.

For the education program, it is primarily aimed at building capacities of

schools and communities in order to facilitate change in behavior and attitude

among students and teachers, and promote better understanding of the

linkage between protecting the environment and maintenance of good health,

to achieve this, in-depth baseline survey surveys together with focus groupdiscussion were conducted. Then, the result of the survey was used for

establishing monitoring framework, preparing training materials, planning and

conducting training workshops, and promoting public awareness of water

related hygiene knowledge and practices.

The detailed activities under the project are summarized in Table 1 below:



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Table 1: Major Activities Undertaken during ProjectActivities Methods Applied Time Parties Involved

Rehabilitation of Toilets

Orientation of

PDA project

Face to face discussions

regarding objective ofthe project, the generalapproach and relevant

procedures

Mid-may 2010 HPMO, ZPMO, ZEB,

ZFB, ZUMB, schoolleaders

Investigation onexisting water and

wastewaterfacilities at

schools

Site visits torecommended schools

and agreed upon criteriafor selecting the

beneficiary schools

Early June 2010 HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,

ZUMB

Final identificationof beneficiaryschools

Field trips;

Meetings;

Late June 2010 HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB

Tendering

process

Shopping Method:

Preparation of bidding

document (costestimate, bill of

quantities);

Invitation for bid;

Bid opening andevaluation;

Award of contract;

Mid June through

end of July 2010;

consultants, ZPMO,

ZFB and ZUMB

Implementation ofRehabilitation

project

Field trips Early August 2010;

Late September –early October 2010

Consultants,contractor ,ZPMO

Education Program

Orientation ofPDA project

Face to face discussionsregarding objective of

the project, the generalapproach and relevant

procedures

Mid-may 2010 HPMO, ZPMO, ZEB,ZFB, ZUMB, school

leaders

Preparation of

education

program

Review of second hand

data;

Review of relatedproject documents;

Sites visits;

Designing andConducting baselinesurvey to question the

students, teachers and

parents on behaviors,

Mid –June through

late October 2010

HPMO, consultants,

ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,

ZUMB



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skills and practices;

Focus group discussion;

Findings and results ofbaseline survey and

focus group discussionare used for trainingprograms and

development ofmonitoring indicators.

Development ofTraining Plan

Deciding overall trainingobjective;

Deciding training

calendar and targeted

trainees;Preparation of training

materials and PPT

Late Octoberthrough late

November 2010

HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,

ZUMB

Conductingtrainingworkshops

training of 20 coretrainers;

distribution of trainingmaterials;

subsequent trainingsprovided by trainedtrainers at each school

Mid–Novemberthroughmid-January 2011

HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB; school

managers, teachers

students, parents

Distribution and

Installation ofawareness raising

materials

Design, printing and

distributing calendars;

Design and installingbillboards;

December 2010 HPMO, consultants,

ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB and school

managers

Organizingdrawing

competition

Deciding the theme ofthe drawing competition;

Evaluate the drawings

and selecting the first,second and third prizes

November throughDecember 2010

HPMO, consultants,ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,

ZUMB and school

managers, teachersand students

Final Training and

PDA CompletionWorkshop

Presentation by HPMO

director, teacherrepresentatives from

five schools, andstudent representatives,Awarding the winners in

drawing competition

March 29 2011 HPMO, consultants,

ZPMO, ZEB, ZFB,ZUMB and school

managers, teachersand students, andcommunities leaders



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2.2 Main Outputs

The main outputs of the PDA project include the followings:

(1) Rehabilitated five school toilets and constructed three running water points

for after toilets hand washing.

a. Xiguan Primary School New Water Point and rehabilitated toilet

b. Zhengding Kindergarten Sensor automatic sensor water tap and

rehabilitated toilet



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c. Hui Ethnic Group Primary School rehabilitated toilet and water point

d. Zhengding Town Middle School and New Water Point

e. Shengli Street Primary School rehabilitated toilet and water point



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(2) Education Program

a. development of training plan

The training plan prepared on the basis of the findings of two baseline surveys

and focus group discussion is shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2: Zhengding PDA Training plan

Overall Objective Specific Contents Training

Calendar

Participants Location

1) enabling pilot

schools to get abetterunderstanding

about the

importance ofcreating a healthy

and safe water andsanitation learningenvironment;

2) helping students

develop better

hygiene practices,particularly those inavoiding water and

sanitation relateddiseases;

3) promotingoutreach to andbenefits for family

and community

- the idea of PDA

-basic knowledgeabout water,wastewater and

water resources;

-knowledge of

water bornediseases；

-Importance ofschool toilets, its

proper use and

O&M；

-Importance of

clean schoolenvironment for

the health of

students；

• Importance and

need for waterand hygiene

education for

school children

Mid November2010

Core teachers,school heads andparents

Conferenceroom at alocal hotel

LateNovember2010

Each core teacherprovide training atleast to 5 teachers

of their schools

Classroomsof fiveschools

December

through

January 2011

Outreach training

to students and

parents by trainedteachers

Classrooms

of five

school

During 2011

wintervacation

Students pass

what they havelearned at schoolto families

households

b. Preparation of training materials

Firstly, based on second hand data review along with the results of the

baseline survey, three PPT with respective titles were developed, which are

attached to this final report as Annex A: (1) An introduction to the broader

context in which the pilot project would be implemented, including concept,

objectives, content and output Zhengding PDA;(2) Water and Health, including

transmission routes and barriers of water and sanitation-related diseases; (3)The importance of water conservancy.



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Secondly, a water and sanitation promotion booklet was developed, which

consists of five sections covering basic information and knowledge about

water and sanitation, water conservancy, wastewater prevention and

management as well as the relation of water and sanitation to health. A total of

500 booklets were distributed to schools and relevant local government

departments. This booklet is attached as Annex B.

c. Implementation of training workshops

Training for 100 teachers and parents as well as for 2500 students was

organized on a phase-in approach. The first phase training started with training

of core teachers, which took place on 19 November 2010 at the conference

room at Huayang Hotel in Zhengding county. Over 50 people participated in

this one day workshop, including 20 core trainers from 5 schools. Other

participants were school heads, community leaders, local news paper

reporters as well as officials from a variety of local government institutions

including ZEB, ZHB, ZFB, ZPMO and HPMO. At this workshop, participants

not only gained understanding on how the PDA project is implemented,

learned some knowledge about water and health, environment and health but

also made very good suggestions to the implementation plan and training plan.

Picture above: training for the core teachers



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The second phase and the third phase workshop were organized from mid

November 2010 through January under the guidance and supervision of

HPMO, ZPMO and consultants. During this period, the leaders of each school

attached great importance to the training activities and training plan was

worked out and variety of training methods were carefully designed and

adopted. In total, during the second and third phase of training, about 400

teachers, 6000 students and 200 parents were trained.

Pictures: The Head of Xiguan Primary School was giving presentation to

teachers and parents

Pictures: Students at Xiguan Primary School are listening to their

teachers attentively



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Pictures: Training activities in Zhengding Kindergarten

Pictures: Training activities in Shengli Street primary School



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Picture: School head in Shengli Primary School is giving a speech to

motivate students to participate PDA activities

Pictures below: Trained teacher is giving presentation to other teachers

And students are being trained at

Zhengding Town Middle School

Pictures: Training activities at Hui Ethnic Group Primary School

1. Teachers are receiving training 2. Class meeting themed

“water and health”



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Pictures: Water saving promotion on blackboard and wall papers by

students

Final training and PDA completion workshop was held on 29 March 2011.

There are more than 60 participants at the workshop, including staff from

HPMO, ZPMO, relevant local departments, school heads, teacher and student

representatives, parents and communities leaders. Some teachers from

non-pilot schools also were invited to attend the workshop for the sake of next

step scaling up. At the completion workshop, Mr. Wu Jianming, director of

HPMO reviewed the major activities taken under project, major outputs and

outcomes, lessons learned, etc. In addition, he also made recommendations

for the next stage work in order to have a long lasting effect of PDA. After Mr.

Wu’s speech, five teachers and two students from pilot schools also gave

presentations on the training and promotion activities in implementing PDA ateach particular school, this way, experiences and lessons of project were

shared. Mr. Wu Jianming’s speech, presentations of teachers and students are

attached as Appendix C to this completion report.



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Picture: PDA final training and completion workshop

Pictures: teacher representatives are presenting at PDA final

training and completion workshop



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Picture: Students are sharing with attendants what they think about

water, environment and health

Picture: students are receiving drawing competition awards at final

training and PDA completion workshop

d. organizing drawing competition

From November through December 2010, a drawing competition for children

between age 6-12 was organized with the theme: “Ancient town, environment



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and Me”. The number of children participated in the competition was nearly

600. The drawings were evaluated by an evaluation committee headed by

media consultant. Respectively, 12 children were awarded the first prize, 24

children were awarded second prize, and about 160 were awarded third prize.

Picture: Drawings are being carefully compared and evaluated

e.Preparation and distribution awareness raising materials

After many times discussions among HPMO, ZPMO, beneficiary schools and

consultants, it is finally decided that the awareness raising activities are

achieved through the following methods:

Installation of Billboards

Each beneficiary school was installed two pieces of billboards with basic

knowledge and information on water related personal hygiene as shown in the

following table:

Table 3: Installation of Billboards

Beneficiary Schools No of

Billboards

Specifications Location

Xiguan Primary School 2 1.22 x 3.32 On the Corridor

Hui Ethnic Group Primary

School

2 1.2 x 2.4 Outside school

building

Zhengding Town Middle

School

2 1.2 x 1.8 On the Corridor

Shengli Street Primary School 2 2.3 x 5.2 m On the outside wall



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Zhengding County

Kindergarten

2 0.5 x 0.5 Above washbasin

Picture: Zhengding Town Middle School

Picture above: Zhengding

Kindergarten

Pictures: Hui Ethnic Group Primary School students are watching

Health promotion billboard

f. Development and distribution of table calendar and wall calendar



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Instead of printing leaflets or bulletins, we developed table calendar and wall

calendar as they are multi-functional, not only having promotion effects but

also having practical utility, while students, teachers and households use it

everyday, understanding of water, sanitation and hygiene knowledge can be

strengthened. There are 450 table calendar and 1800 wall calendars were

printed and distributed to schools and households.

Picture: Teacher at Zhengding Kindergarten is distributing calendars

G.development of promotion booklets

About 60 volumes of colored booklets were distributed to beneficiary schools

and relevant local departments. 2000 volumes of plain promotion booklets

were distributed to other non project schools, almost covering all the schools in

Zhengding county.

Picture： Calendars and Promotion Booklets



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2.4 Project Expenditure

The following table summarized budget breakdown of the project, including

original allocation, expenditures incurred and main activities that these funds

are used for as of the completion of Project. Until this final report period, RMB

264,312 yuan, an equivalence of USD40,000 were advanced to project

account, of which CNY139,335.40, equivalent to $20,611.75 has been

liquidated by ADB based on exchange rate used when 1st advance was

made.

Table 5: Estimated Project Expenditure

(to be validated at final liquidation)

Activities Original Allocation(USD)

EstimatedExpenditures

(RMB)

1. Consultancya) Water & Sanitation Specialists(including travel costs and per diem);

b) media specialist (including travelcosts and per diem)

9,300

4,700

61380( 2p/m pluslump sumtransportationexpenditure)31020 (1p/m plus

lump sumtransportationexpenditure)

2．Service Contractorsa) rehabilitation of 5 school toiletsb) Translator for information and

education programc) Production of materials for video,

billboards, and IEP brochures,and calendar, and art competition

200002000

10000

128,116.413,500

66000

3. Training of trainers for parents,teachers, and community leaders

4000 26400

4. Purchase and/or rent of officeequipment and supplies for direct use by

the project

In-kind contributionfrom EA and IA

5. Rental and associated costs foroffice space


6. Other costs such as reports andcommunication


Total 50000

Notes: USD 1 = RMB 6.60 Yuan

Chapter 3 Project Outcomes and Lessons Learned

3.1 Outcomes so far

a. Awareness on water and sanitation is greatly increased.



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The baseline developed at earlier stage of project implementation was used as

a basis for measuring awareness on water and sanitation and hygiene

behavior change of the students, parents and teachers over time. While time

did not allow for a complete survey to measure actual behavior changes,

HPMO did required each beneficiary school to do a simple Key performance

Indicator (KPI) investigation in order to have some preliminary results, Table 4

below presents results that are therefore only indicative of overall progress.

Table 4: Comparison between Baseline and Follow-up Investigation

Key Performance Indicators Baseline

Status

Follow-up

Investigation

Percentage of interviewee think school toilets are

maintained adequately

42.3% 82.1%

Percentage of students have easy access to running water

hand washing points after using toilets

30% 100%

Percentage of students practise correct hand washing? 9.5% 91%

Percentage of interviewee awareness of water

conservancy

91% 98%

Percentage of hygienic hand washing occurs in

households,

40% 89%

Percentage of teachers correctly explain what sanitationand hygiene means?

51% 95%

Percentage of interviewees’ knowledge on water borne

diseases

27% 73%

Percentage of educational materials being used in the

class about water related hygiene?

5% 90%

Sample Size 750 600

Picture: dedicated staff are maintaining toilets at Zhengding kindergarten

and Shengli Primary School



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Pictures: Students joins facility maintaining program

b. Multiplier effect of educational program is obvious

During the implementation of PDA educational program, more than 2500

students have received training and participated in all kinds of awareness

raising and promotion activities. But the coverage of the education has a far

greater reach. Through the students, key water health and hygiene information,

knowledge and correct behaviors flow to the communities and households.

According to the follow-up investigation, the percentage of family members’

awareness of water conservancy, sanitation related knowledge and practicing



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of appropriate behavior has been greatly increased after the implementation of

project.

c. Capacity of staff at each level of governments are effectively strengthened

During project implementation, staff from EA, IA and other relevant local

government departments have exerted great efforts to the project, participating

passionately in organizing, managing and monitoring the progress, which not

only enabled them to gain water and sanitation related knowledge and good

practice in project management, but also thought innovatively and creatively

while organizing training and other awareness raising activities, therefore theircapacity have been substantially enhanced.

d. PDA project has triggered the local action for formulating relevant policies

The implementation of PDA not only has brought changes to benefit students,

parents and teachers in project schools through conducting a series of training

and awareness raising activities to strengthen the beneficiaries’ understanding

about the relations between water and health, water and environment, water

and development, thereby enabling them to consciously joint the efforts of

protecting environment and water resources, meanwhile, it also pushed the

development of relevant local policies and measures, particularly in water and

sanitation related education program at schools, and overall planning of

investment in water and toilets rehabilitation program for schools.

3.2 Major experiences and lessons learned

a. Continuity and repetition of training

In order to achieve desired result, training should not be treated as a one time

event, rather an on going activity, which should be done repetitively. School

water and sanitation program need to be set up and relevant learning materials

need to be developed. Moreover, the follow-up by supervisors, school

management and core teachers are critical to the success of training.



b. Need for well maintained hardware facilities

As previously mentioned, water and sanitation facilities are necessary to

create a healthy environment in and around the school. However, it is equally

important to have an efficient and effective maintenance program plus

sufficient finance for maintenance for the long lasting safe use of the students

and teachers.

c. Selection of most suitable vehicle to strengthen the effect of promotion

Given the characteristics of school age children, very simple PPT slides with

many vivid pictures were prepared, and we also distributed table and wall

calendars with many water and sanitation related knowledge and information,

so that each time they use the calendar, their knowledge will be strengthened.

d. Sharing experiences with each other

Experiences that are gained in each beneficiary school should be shared with

others. In doing this, during the PDA completion workshop we asked

representatives of each school to give a presentation on the major measures

used in conducting training and promotion activities and key experiences and

lessons learned.

e. Setting effective coordinating and monitoring scheme

Strong leadership and enhanced ownership are critical to the successful

implementation of PDA project. From the beginning of implementation, a

coordinating and monitoring scheme responsible for the planning,

implementation and monitoring of projects is set up to obtain the commitment

of the relevant staff and government department at all levels, which contribute

greatly to the successful implementation of the project.

Documents

PRC PDA: Zhengding Sanitation (Final Report)