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University of Salento
Landscape Ecology Di.S.Te.B.A.
Dr.Teodoro Semeraro
teodoro.semeraro@unisalento.it
GIS DAYS:
Process analysis in GIS environment
Meknes 20/11/2014
Real World
Abstraction
world A
im
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Planning and management of environmental resources requires the
analysis of a wide range of different information
GIS represent the most recent and useful information tool to analysis
quickly and with high precision of spatial data
within a GIS can be identified three groups of activities leading
specialized and interconnected
acquisition data
storage and management data
processing and return informations
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
From the functional point of view a G.I.S. must be able to:
acquire spatial data from different sources
store in a consistent and uniform spatial data
update the data stored
manipulate and process spatial data
select and make the data available for the analysis of mathematical and
statistical methods
modeling of natural and anthropogenic processes and functions
make available the final and intermediate results of the processing of
each activity prior or external
Syn
erg
y w
ay
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Legend
+1,0 (high
vegetation)
0,0 (arable land)
+0,5
monthly change in NDVI from 2001 to 2005
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
A GIS differs from other graphics systems in several aspects:
First, data are georeferenced to the coordinates of a particular projection
system. This allows precise placement of features on the earth’s surface
and maintains the spatial relationships between mapped features. As a
result, commonly referenced data can be overlaid to determine relationships
between data elements.
For example, soils and wetlands for an area can be overlaid and compared to
determine the correspondence between hydric soils and wetlands. Similarly, land
use data for multiple time periods can be overlaid to determine the nature of
changes that may have occurred since the original mapping. This overlay function
is the basis of change detection studies across landscapes.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Before the arson
on the 24th of July 2007
after the arson on the 24th of July 2007
Study Area – Natural Park of Gargano
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
1988 1955
CORINE
Land cover
Territorial Trasformatio
and coast erosion
1997 2005
Second, GIS software use relational database management technologies to
assign a series of attributes to each spatial feature. Common feature
identification keys are used to link the spatial and attribute data between tables. A
soil polygon, for example, can be linked to a series of database tables that define
its mineral and chemical composition, crop yield, land use suitability, slope, and
other characteristics
Land use class:
Olive grove
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Third, GIS provide the capability to combine various data into a composite
data layer that may become a base layer in a database. For example, slope,
soils, hydrography, demography, wetlands, and land use can be combined to
develop a single layer of suitable hazardous waste storage sites. These data, in
turn, may be incorporated into the permanent database of a local government and
used for regulatory and planning decisions.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
There are two kinds of notions of the environment to structure the GIS :
the reductive conception that sees nature, as well as the society, formed by
a summation of components, factors and processes, where each entity is
separated from the other, as well as remain separated the "information
layers", meaning for such individual environmental themes levels and
structures that characterize the territory;
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Environmental is defined multifunctional, because it is characterized by various
functions and values that vary in space and time (Haines-Young and Potschin,
2004; Haines-Young et al., 2006; Mander et al., 2007), and complex and
adaptive because the interactions among ecological patterns and processes,
economic-manufacturing processes, and administrative political organization of
society interact with each other
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
There is growing recognition that environmental, ecological, social and
economic systems require integrated assessment as the basis for resource
management and decision making
the systemic view, integration of data for environmental management; feed-back
of natural factors and human action. The current trend is to consider the natural
and human environment as a unic system, with its own character in space and its
evolution over time, where the environment at all levels of biological organization
is represented by the complex system of relationships that is to establish in space
and time between components and factors that make up its structure.
Technology is the available knowledge about the manner in which the inputs
can be combined to obtain a result (Weil 2007)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
The term “ Georaphic Information System" is generally defined as the set of men
(professionalism), tools and procedures (often not formalized) that allow, in relation to
the external environment and the objectives to be achieved, acquisition, processing
and distribution of data within the organization and make them available when they
are needed to those who need to carry out any activity
Information
Output
Data
Processing
Data Storage Input Data
Target
AIM
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Summy of decision-making process and role of scientific
information
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not
developed by me
The data acquisition is the critical part of the GIS
The choice of the most appropriate strategy for sampling and its proper application are critical phases in the modern environmental analysis, since it is from these phases depends on the correct evaluation of the sources of variation and therefore the precision of the parameter estimation
• The activity data collection has different characteristics for the four
types of use of an information system: government, planning, business
planning and management:
– For example, management in the long term is the moment of greatest production of information for the computer system, just think of the opportunities for environmental monitoring, such as monitoring the amount and quality of data that can provide.
– The moments of government planning and exploit summary data and only partially produce new information, while the design, with the new impact studies, generally produces data areas in high detail areas in less detail.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
how can you map the olive grove?
Points?
Lines?
Polygons?
This is dependent on what I
want to measure or
highlight
Example:
points if I want to know the
number of olive trees secular;
lines if I want to know the
perimeter of the field or the
number of rows of trees;
Polygons if I want to know the
area of the field of old olive
grove.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
GIS software generally allow for two types of data:
vectors (points, lines and polygons) to represent features on the earth’s surface.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
POINT: entities defined by a
pair of coordinates
POLYGON: closed area formed
by one or more 'lines (eg. land,
soil types, political boundaries,
urban areas, ..)
LINE: entity defined by
connecting a set of coordinates
or through a geometric
description (eg rivers, roads
centerlines, cadastral surveys,
aqueducts, pipelines, ..)
ANNOTATION: graphic and descriptive text string placed on the map
Some use raster data (i.e., discrete cells in a rigid row by column format),
such as satellite imagery or aerial photography,
DTM
Slope
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
With the raster data of the territory is played through an array of pixels of a
square or rectangular. Each pixel is associated with an attribute that defines the
characteristics of the element represented. For example, in a digital elevation
model to each pixel is associated with the value of the sea level at that point.
The pixel size is inversely proportional to the precision of the paper
Geometric models of spatial
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
• Maintains accurate geographical representation of entities mapped
• Manages points, lines, polygons, and nodes as discrete entities
• Allows the combination of different themes without losing the accuracy
of representation
Why Vector?
• easy to handle, allows the application of powerful algorithms for the
derivation of new information (geo-) morphological
Why Raster?
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
The information of a geographical element has 4 components
• cartographical location or position
• Attributes or informations
• spatial relationships (topology)
• time
The geographic information
The characteristics of geographic data
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Manipulation and processing of data
The integrated processing spatial data-given attribute of a
GIS includes tools and procedures that allow the user of a
digital map to define and execute:
• query of attribute
• query of spatial
• analysis procedures integrated between position and
attribute for the obtaining of new spatial information
and not.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
2786000
2786000
2787000
2787000
2788000
2788000
2789000
2789000
2790000
2790000
2791000
2791000
2792000
2792000
2793000
2793000
2794000
2794000
2795000
2795000
44
16
00
0
44
16
00
0
44
17
00
0
44
17
00
0
44
18
00
0
44
18
00
0
44
19
00
0
44
19
00
0
44
20
00
0
44
20
00
0
44
21
00
0
44
21
00
0
Per im etro SIC
Uso del Suolo
tes suto urb .c ont.
case sparse
casa is o la ta
area industr ia le
area spor t.-r ic reat.
sem inativ o
colt. s erra
ol iv eto
mac chia bass a-gar iga
mac chia a l ta
veg. rada
canale d 'acqua
bac ino d 'acqua
cava
dune
veg. ig rofi la
lecc eta
pineta
Legenda
Torre San Giovanni
Torre Mozza
Lido Marini
GARIGA
(4,0%)
Olive grow
(45,01%)
Arable land
(12,08%)
Maquis
(15,4%)
Urban
elements
(8.5%)
Matrix AGRICULTURAL/URBAN/NATURE Number patch: 556
Land use in different time
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Overlay
T0 T1 CD1,0=+T0 T1 CD1,0=+
1 21 2
1
3 4
21
3 4
2
2BB2
2AA1
AreaTipoID
2BB2
2AA1
AreaTipoID
2BB2
2AA1
AreaTipoID
2BB2
2AA1
AreaTipoID
BB
AA
BB
AA
Tipo T1
1AA1
1AA2
1BB4
1BB3
AreaTipo T2ID
BB
AA
BB
AA
Tipo T1
1AA1
1AA2
1BB4
1BB3
AreaTipo T2ID
Overl
ay
T0
T1
CD1,0
GEOMETRIA TABELLE
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Change detection analysis
Torre San Giovanni
Torre Mozza
Lido Marini
Legend Bundary SIC Change 1955-1988
1988 1955
Change - 1955 vs 1988 -
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
EXTENT: the size of the investigate(Time/space)
GRAIN: the most giving small entities that we can identify
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Geographical elements could disappear (eg ponds, villages, small
lakes)
Symbolic representation could change (from point to area)
Entities could change shape, less detailed
Some macro-entities can appear (regions, climate zones)z
The geographic information
Representation of geographic features: scale
Geographical elements and the symbols used to represent points, lines and polygons, depend
on the scale of the graph (Map scale) .
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Representation of geographic features
reference scale
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Representation of geographic features
reference scale
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
GIS Technology
Top Down The High Higher levels of government;
Agency and University establish
guidelines to characterize the problem
Bottom Up
Levels of local management operate to
extract the information
Establish the necessary
information
establish standards
for extracting information
For example:
• if you use vector or
raster data;
• classification scheme
work to extract the information of
its competence
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
For example
Corine Land Cover classification for uniform European classification of land use
establish standards for extracting information
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Institutional levels
International
National
Provincial
Municipal
Family
Individual
Ecological levels
Global
Biome
Landscape
Ecosystem
Group of
plants
Plant
Geographic Levels
Glibal Climatic
Conditions
Local Climatic
Conditions
Geological
features
Catchment
water area
Ground
water
Soil
formatiot
Environmental Conditions
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Limit of the National Park of the Gargano
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Environmental Conditions
Institutional levels
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
DPSIR framework could allow decision-makers to better understand the
relationships between the environment and human activities. It could also
help them arrange all information, assess criticalities and identify priorities with a
view to making strategies and action plans more effective and focused on local
need
Drivers; Pressure; State; Impact and Respnse (DPSIR) Scheme
(DPSIR) scheme is a flexible framework that can be used to assist decision-
makers in many steps of the decision process. DPSIR was initially developed by
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 1994) and
has been used by the United Nations (UNEP 1994; UNEP 2007) and European
Environmental Agency (Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the
Environment 1995; Pierce 1998; EEA 1999) to relate human activities to the state
of the environment.
A simple conceptual model of human-environmental relations
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Drivers
Pressure
State
Impact
Response • Industy
• Urbanization
• Tourism
• Agriculture
• Polluting
Emissions
• water
Consumption
• Soil tillage
Landscape;
water; Air; Soiòl
qaulity;
• water
Availability
• Population
Health
• Economic
Damage
• Planning
• management
• Projects
• Information
DPSIR
• Desertification
The DPSIR framework does not capture every situation perfectly, but is a
good means to organize the many social, economic and ecological
interactions.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Ecosystem
Region
Landscape
Watershed
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Ecosystem
Landscape
Watershed
Region
Slow
processes
Rapid
processes
Broad
extents
Small
Extents
Constraints
Potentials
Hypotheses for (natural) hierarchical systems in steady state
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Ecosystem
Landscape
Watershed
Region
Pressure:
Nitrogen
fertilisation
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Pressure:
Nitrogen
fertilisation
Nitrate concentration
in soil solution
Nitrate concentration
in groundwater
Nitrate concentration
in river water
Nitrate concentration
in drinking water
State:
Nitrate
concentrations
Ecosystem
Landscape
Watershed
Region
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Region
Nitrate leaching
Nitrate discharge in groundwater
Eutrophication of freshwater
Quality of
drinking water
Watershed
Ecosystem
Landscape
Ecological
impact
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Region
Nitrate leaching
Quality of
drinking water
Watershed
Ecosystem
Landscape
Ecological
impact
Fertiliser loss (capital loss)
Fishing reduction
Human health
Water treatment costs
Economic
impact
Nitrate discharge in groundwater
Eutrophication of freshwater
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Region
Nitrate leaching
Quality of
drinking water
Watershed
Ecosystem
Landscape
Ecological
impact
Fertiliser loss (capital loss)
Fishing reduction
Human health
Water treatment costs
Economic
impact
Nitrate discharge in groundwater
Eutrophication of freshwater
Societal
perception
Decision
Process
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Spatial
Extent
Time for Change
Region
Watershed
Ecosystem
Landscape
Water framework
directive
Economic programmes
for rural areas
Information, consultation
and training
Local restrictions
or nitrogen taxes
Regional
agricultural
policy targets
Targets of
regional
development
Social state
in rural
Settlement
Response
Drivers
Economic
situation
of the farmer
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
This scheme was not developed by me
Identification of the fundamental concepts
(Step 1)
It is necessary to identify:
persons or entities involved directly or indirectly in the development of
technology
tools needed for the development of technology;
actions that are performed by actors;
Scope: national, regional and local;
timing of realization;
expected results;
likely costs.
To identify these basic concepts you need to answer the following questions:
what kind of technology do you want to use and how it works?;
who is involved and What he does?
What are your main tasks?
What items are interesting in the analysis?
How these objects interact with the actors?
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Esempio
Concept Description Importance (high,
medium, low)
Actor University of Salento, Apulian waterworks; Agency of
Civil; Air force; GIS user………………….
High
tools ArcMap software, Hardware……….. Low
actions data creation and selection; Data storage; Data
processing; information; output data………..
Medium
Scope Regional and local ……………….. Medium
timing Two years Low
expected results sustainability of water resources in the relationship
between demand and availability
High
likely costs 200.000€ High
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Once you have identified the main concepts that characterize the problem and its
related technologies, it is essential to indicate how these concepts are related to
each other
It is suggested to identify a list of useful keywords to represent these correlations
and to use these words throughout the analysis
Relationship between the concepts
(Step 2)
A list of possible keywords are:
Interacts: to indicate that two actors interacting with each other;
Use: to indicate that an actor uses a particular object;
Participate: to indicate that a player and / or an object participates in a fact;
Manages: to indicate that an actor handles a certain object;
Provides: to indicate that an actor can give particular support.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Concept Relation Concept Notes
University of
Salento
Participate Selection the best
software and
Hardware
identification of
software and
hardware that can
best support the
storage of data and
their processing
trying to both contain
costs and ensuring
high efficiency
Air force Provide Information about
climatic conditions
(Precipitations,
temperature…..)
record spatial
information on
precipitation and
temperature, and
provides for the GIS
Agency Apulian
Aqueduct
Provide information on the
consumption of water
per inhabitant
……………….
………………………
….
………………………
…………
………………………
……
………………………
…
Others general information
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Actors involved
(Step 3)
At this stage it is essential to describe in detail each actor. For each actor
identified in step 1 of the analysis it is necessary to specify:
description of the role of the actor in the field of technology that you want to
develop;
Main actions;
which interacts with other actors and what actions.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Actor Description
of the role
key
Responsibility
Main actions Interaction with
other actors
University of
Salento
Information
GIS
High choose the software and hardware
to use, sets standards for the
acquisition of information and
methods of data processing
Apulian waterworks;
Agency of Civil; Air
force; GIS user
Air force data
acquisition
Medium acquisition and processing of data
related to the precipitation and
temperature
University of
Salento
Agency
Apulian
Aqueduct
provides
information
on water
consumption
Medium makes available its database to
process data in accordance to the
characteristics of GIS
University of
Salento
………………
……
………………
.
…………………
…
……………………….. …………………..
Others general information
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Actions to be performed / or groups of actions
to be performed
(Step 4)
Identification of actions is essential to define what each actor must accomplish in
order to fulfill the tasks laid. For each action, you must specify:
description of the action;
who performs the action;
the maximum time needed to perform the action;
who/what gives the input to perform the action;
output action.
actor of the next action (when the previous action has been realized);
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Action Action
description
who
performs
the action
how much
time
Input Output next actor
Structuring
GIS
Database
creation of an
appropriate
structure to
store the
information that
make up the
GIS
University
of Salento
four months type of data
to use
database
structure
Apulian
waterworks;
Agency of
Civil; Air
force; GIS
user
Processing
data
integration of
the data to
estimate the
availability of
water
University
of Salento
two months precipitation
data;
groundwater
availability,
consumption
per inhabitant
water
sustainability
Apulian
waterworks
……………… ………………
…
--------------- ………………
…
………………
..
……………… ………………
.
General Information
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Temporal relationships between actions
(Step 5) Closely related to step 4, step 5 allows you to identify a sequence between the
actions previously identified.
set of actions Actions previous action following action
Creation of a
database
choice of data to use definition of the
problem
choice of technology to
use
choice of technology to
use
choice of data to use database creation
database creation choice of technology to
use
data acquisition
data acquisition groundwater data
acquisition
definition of the
problem
data processing
…………………………
………
…………………………
………..
…………………………
………
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Identifying hotspots most
vulnerable to fire for the
management of natural capital
Laboratorio di Ecologia del Paesaggio, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali,
Università del Salento, Lecce, Italia
Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Matematico-Statistiche, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italia
Aretano R.* Semeraro T. * Mastroleo G.§ Petrosillo I.* Zurlini G.*
*
§
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Problem • The evaluation of vulnerability to fire is a critical aspect
for conservation management, since it determines when
and where a fire is more prone to occur, or where it will
have more negative effects (Chuvieco et al., 2010).
• The management authority must identify the areas
which require specific management intervention of
protection and maintenance to enhance the natural
features, as well as their prevention of natural and
human risks.
17
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
VULNERABILITy • …the degree to which a system, subsystem, or system
component is likely to experience harm due to exposure to
a hazard, either a perturbation or stress/stressor (White,
1974).
• Vulnerability is a function of interactions among three
elements (Adger, 2003; 2006 Marshall et al., 2010; Tuler et
al., 2008; Turner et al., 2003):
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity
1
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
• A GIS-based DSS is proposed to be integrated with a
conceptual model of vulnerability in order to identify the
hotspots of vulnerability and determine where a fire is
more prone to occur, or where it will have more
negative effects in the RNS of Torre Guaceto.
• Study realized in the ETCP Greece-Italy 2007-2013
Aim of the research
3
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
4
Study area: RNS TORRE
GUACETO
RNS: 1,100 ha
Study area: 2,000 ha
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
63
Fuzzy Expert System as cognitive model that, formalizing
objective data and qualitative concepts together, generate
an algorithm that best replicates the human way to
aggregate information and decide.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Aim
METHODS
64
Fuzzy Expert System as cognitive model that, formalizing
objective data and qualitative concepts together, generate
an algorithm that best replicates the human way to
aggregate information and decide.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Aim
METHODS
65
Fuzzy Expert System as cognitive model that, formalizing
objective data and qualitative concepts together, generate
an algorithm that best replicates the human way to
aggregate information and decide.
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
AIM Data
Aim
METHODS
6
•Natural Capital flow;
Land cover category
The most
representati
ve Biome
ES coefficient
(US $×ha−1 per
year)
(Costanza et al.,
1997)
Urban Urban 0
Bare Rocks Rock
Arable lands Croplands 92
Uncultivated ground
Grasslands Grasslands 232
Sclerophyllous
vegetation
Transitional woodland
scrub
Reforestation areas
Forests 969
Coastal beach Coastal
beach 4,052
Wetlands Wetlands 14,785
Sensitivity (α)
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
Effectively managing Ecosystem
Services (ES), which represent a
component of system sensitivity,
can strengthen ecosystem
resilience reducing the overall
system vulnerability (Bennett et
al., 2009).
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
7
Sensitivity (α)
•Natural Capital flow;
•Habitat relevance;
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
8
Sensitivity (α)
•Natural Capital flow;
•Habitat relevance;
•Susceptibility to fragmentation
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
9
•Natural Capital flow;
•Habitat relevance;
•Susceptibility to fragmentation
•Fire behavior
Sensitivity (α)
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
Identification of fuel types related to the land-cover classes and
their fireline intensity, estimated through the software BehavePlus
fire modeling system
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
10
•Natural Capital flow;
•Habitat relevance;
•Susceptibility to fragmentation
•Fire behavior
•Vegetation recovery after fire
Focus group with forest managers and botanists that during a spatially explicit
consultation of maps and field surveys have classified each vegetation type,
considering the vegetation recovery after a fire.
Sensitivity (α)
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
11
•Agriculture;
•Tourism;
Focus group with forest managers and stakehorders involved in agricultural and
tourist sectors that have indicated the level of pressure related to agriculture
and tourism by assigning, with a spatially explicit consultation of maps and field
surveys, a score from 1 to 5 (the higher the score, the higher is the pressure).
Pressures (U)
•Natural Capital flow;
•Habitat relevance;
•Susceptibility to fragmentation
•Fire behavior
•Vegetation recovery of burnt areas
Sensitivity (α)
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
METHODS
12
•Agriculture;
•Tourism;
•Urbanization
Pressures (U)
•Natural Capital flow;
•Habitat relevance;
•Susceptibility to fragmentation
•Fire behavior
•Vegetation recovery of burnt areas
Sensitivity (α)
V= k + α(U) (Zurlini et al., 1999; Limongelli et al., 2006; Petrosillo et
al., 2009)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
sensitivity
14
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
pressures
15
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
vulnerability
16
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
there is not only one way to get a result, the
important thing is that the result is useful to
solve the problem
Bob Kennedy said “GDP-GNP can tell us
everything about America, but does not
tell us if we can be proud to be Americans”
GIS can give us all the information we
need, but not the solution to our problem
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
of course, all what I said is not the truth, but
it's just my point of view
Thanks for your attention
GID DAYS: GIS for environmental planning and management (20/11/2014 Meknes)
Teodoro Semeraro
University of Salento
Teodoro.semeraro@unisalento.it
+39-0832-298886
+39-0832-298896
+39-320-8778174
Laboratorio di Ecologia del Paesaggio, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali,
Università del Salento, Lecce, Italia
Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Matematico-Statistiche, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italia
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