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Propaganda and PersuasivePropaganda and PersuasiveTechniquesTechniques
What is it?What is it?
What does it do?What does it do?
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What is propaganda?What is propaganda?
The process of spreading ideas, information, or rumor to help orThe process of spreading ideas, information, or rumor to help orhurt a known cause, political system, or viewhurt a known cause, political system, or view
Ideas, facts, or allegations spread to further oneIdeas, facts, or allegations spread to further ones cause or tos cause or todamage an opposing causedamage an opposing cause
Used in commercials, advertisements, political campaigns, newsUsed in commercials, advertisements, political campaigns, news
programs, etc.programs, etc.
These messages have been carefully designed to influence ourThese messages have been carefully designed to influence ouropinions, emotions, attitudes and behavioropinions, emotions, attitudes and behavior
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Persuasive TechniquePersuasive Technique
Basically, uses the same methods as propagandaBasically, uses the same methods as propaganda
Often used in letters, editorials, articles, and newspapers toOften used in letters, editorials, articles, and newspapers to
influence the outcome of a situation or to sway someone to thinkinfluence the outcome of a situation or to sway someone to thinkasasthe writer doesthe writer does
Most successful when used with good solid facts to support theMost successful when used with good solid facts to support the
argumentargument
It is always helpful to anticipate what questions will be askedIt is always helpful to anticipate what questions will be asked oror
what opinions will be voiced that are different than yourswhat opinions will be voiced that are different than yours
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Bias and StereotypesBias and Stereotypes
Bias:Bias:
Shows a oneShows a one--sided view of thesided view of the
product or topicproduct or topic
Uses words that direct theUses words that direct the
reader/viewer to feel, act, orreader/viewer to feel, act, or
believe the way the authorbelieve the way the author
doesdoes
Little information is givenLittle information is given
about other pointsabout other points ofof viewview
Stereotype:Stereotype: an exaggerated belief, imagean exaggerated belief, image
or distorted truth about aor distorted truth about aperson or groupperson or group a generalization that allowsa generalization that allows
for little or no individualfor little or no individualdifferences or socialdifferences or social
variation.variation. based on images in massbased on images in mass
media, or reputations passedmedia, or reputations passedon by parents, peers andon by parents, peers andother members of society.other members of society.
can be positive or negativecan be positive or negative
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Propaganda and Persuasive TechniquesPropaganda and Persuasive Techniques
Propagandists use aPropagandists use avariety ofvariety of propagandapropaganda(persuasive) techniques(persuasive) techniques totoinfluence opinions and toinfluence opinions and toavoid the truth.avoid the truth.
Often these techniquesOften these techniquesrely on some element ofrely on some element ofcensorship orcensorship or
manipulation, eithermanipulation, eitheromitting significantomitting significantinformation or distortinginformation or distortingit.it.
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TechniquesTechniquesNameName--CallingCalling Names or words used to create aNames or words used to create a
specific feeling, positive or negative,specific feeling, positive or negative,about a person or item withoutabout a person or item withoutsupporting evidencesupporting evidence
StereotypesStereotypes
InsultsInsults
Used with sarcasm inUsed with sarcasm intone of voicetone of voice
GlitteringGlitteringGeneralitiesGeneralities
Uses positive, lofty language toUses positive, lofty language todescribe a small thing or ideadescribe a small thing or idea
Make vague or empty promisesMake vague or empty promises
DoesnDoesnt give many detailst give many details
Sounds too good to beSounds too good to betruetrue
Fantastic promisesFantastic promises
BandwagonBandwagon Urges others to do what everyoneUrges others to do what everyone
else is or isnelse is or isnt doingt doingMakes you think you will shut out ofMakes you think you will shut out ofthethe in crowdin crowd if you donif you dont have thist have thisitem or do this thingitem or do this thing
Peer pressurePeer pressure
Associates guilt orAssociates guilt ornegative images with notnegative images with notdoing what everyone elsedoing what everyone elseis doingis doing
PlainPlain--Folks TalkFolks Talk Connects to theConnects to the common peoplecommon people totogain supportgain support
Uses either people unknown to theUses either people unknown to thegeneral population or someone wellgeneral population or someone well--known appearing as a commonknown appearing as a commoneveryday personeveryday person
Famous people doingFamous people doingordinary thingsordinary things
WellWell--known personknown personreturns to his/her rootsreturns to his/her roots
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FlagFlag--WavingWaving Invokes a feeling of patriotismInvokes a feeling of patriotismconnected to a product, movie, orconnected to a product, movie, or
charactercharacterDoes not always have to support theDoes not always have to support theUSUS
Shows support for a certainShows support for a certaincity, state, or countrycity, state, or country
School spirit, team spiritSchool spirit, team spirit
TestimonialTestimonial Person speaking is wellPerson speaking is well--known withinknown withinthe communitythe community
May be positive or negativeMay be positive or negative
A firstA first--hand report about ahand report about aproductproduct
A second hand reportA second hand report
Principal recommends aPrincipal recommends abook to studentsbook to students
Celebrity advertisesCelebrity advertisesproductsproducts
PrestigePrestigeIdentificationIdentification
A wellA well--known person uses a productknown person uses a productMay be positive or negativeMay be positive or negative
An inferred message thatAn inferred message thatyou will achieve statusyou will achieve status
Famous person attached toFamous person attached toa bad habita bad habit
CardCard--StackingStacking Only tells one side of theOnly tells one side of the truthtruth Issue presented unfairlyIssue presented unfairlyOther side left outOther side left out
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TransferTransfer Contains a feeling or ideaContains a feeling or ideafrom words or pictures thatfrom words or pictures that
transfer an emotionaltransfer an emotionalresponse to the viewerresponse to the viewer
A link is made so the viewerA link is made so the viewer
assumes they will react, feel,assumes they will react, feel,
or get something in the sameor get something in the samewayway
Scare TacticsScare Tactics Uses language or picturesUses language or pictures
to frighten the viewerto frighten the viewerMay state that somethingMay state that something
bad will happenbad will happen
Car crashCar crash
Injury to a childInjury to a childCatastrophic illness likeCatastrophic illness like
cancer from smokingcancer from smoking
RepetitionRepetition A word, phrase, brandA word, phrase, brandname, or phone number isname, or phone number is
repeated (at least threerepeated (at least three
times) to make sure it istimes) to make sure it is
remembered by the viewerremembered by the viewer
Eat fresh.Eat fresh.He went to Jared.He went to Jared.
Prizes or rewardPrizes or reward Something is given awaySomething is given awayor can be wonor can be won
Think happy meal or prize inThink happy meal or prize in
the cereal boxthe cereal box
It might be an entry for aIt might be an entry for a
contest or a chance to win oncontest or a chance to win ona web site.a web site.
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CheckCheck -- upup
1.1. Identify theIdentify the
propaganda/persuasivepropaganda/persuasive
technique used in thistechnique used in this
ad.ad.
2. What does the advertiser2. What does the advertiser
want you to do or feel?want you to do or feel?
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3. What technique is3. What technique is
used in this ad?used in this ad?
4.4. What does theWhat does theadvertiser want youadvertiser want youto feel or do?to feel or do?
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5.5. Identify the bias of the writerIdentify the bias of the writerin this passage.in this passage.
6.6. What stereotype is apparentWhat stereotype is apparentin this passage?in this passage?
It's time to stop playing withIt's time to stop playing withthese kids! Times have changedthese kids! Times have changed
and the nature of the crimes hasand the nature of the crimes hasbecome more serious. Manybecome more serious. Manymore juveniles are committingmore juveniles are committingcrimes today than ever before.crimes today than ever before.
Juveniles who commit theseJuveniles who commit these
heinous crimes should pay theheinous crimes should pay theappropriate price. After all, theappropriate price. After all, themisbehavior and truancy ofmisbehavior and truancy of
yesterday are not the same as theyesterday are not the same as the
drug use and murder of today.drug use and murder of today.No matter what the age, if you doNo matter what the age, if you dothe crime you should do the time.the crime you should do the time.
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Terms to knowTerms to know
1.1. motivemotive:: a need or desire thata need or desire thatinfluences behaviorinfluences behavior
2.2. point of viewpoint of view:: an attitude oran attitude orfeeling about an issuefeeling about an issue
3.3. biasbias:: a slant in favor ora slant in favor oragainstagainst
4.4. factfact:: something that cansomething that can bebeprovenproven
5.5. opinionopinion:: something thatsomething thatcannot be proven; usuallycannot be proven; usuallyinvolves ones feelings about ainvolves ones feelings about asubjectsubject
6.6. beliefbelief:: a thought held to bea thought held to betrue no matter what the factstrue no matter what the factsareare
7.7. value judgmentvalue judgment:: thoughtsthoughtsbased onebased ones personal beliefss personal beliefs
8.8. speculative statementspeculative statement:: aastatement of something thatstatement of something thatcould logically happen in thecould logically happen in the
present circumstances.present circumstances.9.9. theorytheory:: an explanation thatan explanation that
may grow out of an hypothesis;may grow out of an hypothesis;tries to explain a wide varietytries to explain a wide varietyof circumstancesof circumstances
10.10. precedentprecedent:: examples ofexamples ofearlier actions or events thatearlier actions or events thatcan be used as an example in acan be used as an example in alater actionlater action
11.11. objectionobjection:: a statementa statement
against a statement, theory, oragainst a statement, theory, oractionaction..12.12. consequencesconsequences:: those actionsthose actions
or reactions that happen as aor reactions that happen as aresult of something being doneresult of something being done
or saidor said
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