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7/30/2019 Reliability of Long Shelved BGA Package
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SLVA333
Application Report
May 2009
Trademarks are the property of their respective owners
BGA Package Component Reliability After Long-Term Storage
R. Key, B. Lange, R. Madsen
ABSTRACT
The white paper Component Reliability After Long Term Storage (Texas Instruments application
report SLVA304, http://focus.ti.com/lit/wp/slva304/slva304.pdf ) detailed a risk analysis withsupporting data to extend the storage life of packaged devices in a warehouse environment. The
paper focused on leaded devices with a NiPdAu lead finish and specifically excluded BGA-type
packages with solder bumped electrical connections. This exclusion was established becausebumped devices were not included in the test and evaluation sample. Since the report was
released, testing of BGA packages was completed successfully and the results of those
evaluations are published in this paper which will serve to extend the storage life criteria for thisBGA package category. Besides visual inspection and solderability tests, physical deprocessing
on BGA and Die Size Ball Grid Array (DSBGA) packages was completed.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
BACKGROUND-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
PROCEDURE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
DEVICE SAMPLES INCLUDED IN THE EVALUATION ---------------------------------------- 4
SOLDERABILITY TEST CONDITIONS AND DETAILS----------------------------------------- 4
PACKAGE SPECIFIC TESTING ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5Visual Inspection TPSDC6235YZG-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Visual Inspection TPS62302YZD ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6Visual Inspection SN74LVC2G32YEA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7Visual Inspection SN74LVC2G14YZA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8Visual Inspection CDCUA877ZQL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9Visual Inspection SN74SSTV32852GKF ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10Visual Inspection Mechanical Sample From October 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------- 11Visual Inspection Mechanical Sample From September 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------- 12
Destructive Physical Analysis (DPA) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13Destructive Physical Analysis - TNETC4320AGDS---------------------------------------------------------------------- 13Destructive Physical Analysis - DLKPC192S ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15Destructive Physical Analysis - XD751793GVU-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17Destructive Physical Analysis - TPSDC6235YZG ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19Destructive Physical Analysis - TPS62302YZD--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
SUMMARY OF RESULTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
CONCLUSION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
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INTRODUCTION
This paper provides additional data in support of shelf life extension for BGA and Die Size BGA
(DSBGA) Packages.
BACKGROUND
In 2008, the white paper Component Reliability After Long Term Storage was published insupport of shelf life extension for leaded packages beyond a self-imposed two-year limit. The
success and acceptance of the Shelf Life Extension Program led to a request for additional data
to support extended storage for devices with solder ball interconnects.
PROCEDURE
This study evaluated 11 devices that were packed using tape and reel packing methods. Thesedevices had been stored in a warehouse environment (
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DEVICE SAMPLES INCLUDED IN THE EVALUATION
SOLDERABILITY TEST CONDITIONS AND DETAILS
Used Reflow Profiles for the evaluation:
The following profiles show the temperature during the soldering process on a test board.Temperature measured on the package.
Figure 1. Reflow Profile for SnPb Solder Paste Figure 2. Reflow Profile for SnAgCu Solder Paste
The following solder pastes have been used for the evaluation:Lead-free (SAC) Heraeus F645 SA30C5-89M30 (Alloy Sn/Ag/Cu 96.5/3/0.5)
Lead (SnPb) Heraeus F816 SN63-90 B30 (AT) (Alloy Sn/Pb 63/37)
TI internally designed Test Board #B40, #B41, #B45, #B56 with board material FR4 andNiAu finish. The board design is single-sided, 1.5mm thickness, 100 x 160mm size(approximately 4 x 6 inches).
Ceramic Plate: 100 x 100mm (4 x 4 inches); approximately 0.8mm thick without testpads on the surface. The ceramic plate was used to remove the devices after the solderingtest to inspect the ball bottom side. This test is also known as a Surface Mount Test.
Reflow Oven: Rehm SMS-V5-N2 2100/400; reflow atmosphere in the peak zone wasnitrogen with approximately 500ppm remaining oxygen.
Two groups of units were used for this evaluation: Virgin devices out of the packing material Devices with artificial aging (8-hour water steam-aging prior to the soldering
test).
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PACKAGE SPECIFIC TESTING
VISUAL INSPECTION TPSDC6235YZG
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 3. Virgin Unit Figure 4. Unit After Steam Aging
Units placed on Test Board #45. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature240C
Figure 5. Virgin Unit Figure 6. Steam Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature 240C
Figure 7. Virgin Units Figure 8. Steam Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION TPS62302YZD
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 9. Virgin Unit Figure 10. Unit After Steam Aging
Units placed on Test Board #45. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature
240C
Figure 11. Virgin Unit Figure 12. Steam Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature 240C
Figure 13. Virgin Units Figure 14. Steam-Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION SN74LVC2G32YEA
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 15. Virgin Unit Figure 16. Unit After Steam-Aging
Units placed on Test Board #41. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature240C
Figure 17. Virgin Unit Figure 18. Steam-Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnAgCu solder paste for lead free balls, peak temperature 240C
Figure 19. Virgin Unit Figure 20. Steam-Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION SN74LVC2G14YZA
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 21. Virgin Unit Figure 22. Unit After Steam-Aging
Units placed on Test Board #41. SnPb solder paste for non lead-free balls, peak temperature220C
Figure 23. Virgin Unit Figure 24. Steam-Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnPb solder paste for non lead-free balls, peak temperature 220C
Figure 25. Virgin Units Figure 26. Steam-Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION CDCUA877ZQL
Bottom view Units not soldered (Originally, some balls were not populated on the package.)
Figure 27. Virgin Unit Figure 28. Unit After Steam-Aging
Units placed on Test Board #56. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature
240C
Figure 29. Virgin Units Figure 30. Steam-Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature 240C
(Originally, some balls were not populated on the package.)
Figure 31. Virgin Units Figure 32. Steam-Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION SN74SSTV32852GKF
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 33. Virgin Units Figure 34. Units After Steam-Aging
Units placed on Test Board #56. SnPb solder paste for non lead-free balls, peak temperature
220C
Figure 35. Virgin Unit Figure 36. Steam-Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnPb solder paste for non lead-free balls, peak temperature 220C
Figure 37. Virgin Units Figure 38. Steam-Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION MECHANICAL SAMPLE FROM OCTOBER 1999
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 39. Virgin Units Figure 40. Units After Steam-Aging
Units placed on Test Board #40. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature240C
Figure 41. Virgin Unit Figure 42. Steam-Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnAgCu solder paste for lead-free balls, peak temperature 240C
Figure 43. Virgin Units Figure 44. Steam-Aging
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VISUAL INSPECTION MECHANICAL SAMPLE FROM SEPTEMBER 1999
Bottom view Units not soldered
Figure 45. Virgin Units Figure 46. Units After Steam-Aging
Units placed on Test Board #40. SnPb solder paste for non lead-free balls, peak temperature
220C
Figure 47. Virgin Unit Figure 48. Steam-Aging
Units placed on ceramic plate. SnPb solder paste for non lead-free balls, peak temperature 220C
Figure 49. Virgin Units Figure 50. Steam-Aging
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DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS (DPA)
Some of the package samples collected for this study have been further investigated for any signs
of aging or other environmental influence during the extended storage time. Besides in-depth
optical inspection under the microscope, electron microscopy and cross-sectioning through the
package were performed at a solder ball attach location.
DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - TNETC4320AGDS
Microscopic image of large BGA package not soldered. Manufactured: 2004DPA performed at TI Tucson
Figure 51. Virgin Unit Figure 52. Virgin Unit, Bottom View
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) Micrograph of representative
TNETC4320AGDS device solder balls.
Figure 53. Image of Solder Balls Figure 54. Detailed View
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FESEM Micrograph and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of representativeTNETC4320AGDS device solder ball.
Figure 55. Detailed Image of Solder Ball
Figure 56. Element Analysis of the Solder Ball
Optical and FESEM micrograph of a representative TNETC4320AGDS device solder ball
cross-section. No abnormalities were observed.
Figure 57 Microscopic View Figure 58. FESEM Image of Solder Ball Cross-section
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DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - DLKPC192S
Microscopic image on large BGA package not soldered. Manufactured: 2002
Figure 59. Virgin Unit Figure 60. Virgin Unit - Bottom View
FESEM micrograph of representative DLKPC192S device solder balls.
Figure 61. Solder Ball View Figure 62. Detailed View
FESEM micrograph and EDS spectrum of a representative DLKPC192S device solder ball.
Figure 63. Solder Ball Detailed View
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Figure 64. Element Analysis of the Solder Ball
Optical micrograph and FESEM micrograph of a representative DLKPC192S device solder balls.
Figure 65. Microscopic View Figure 66. FESEM Image of Solder Ball Cross-
section
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DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - XD751793GVU
Microscopic image of large BGA package not soldered. Manufactured: 2004
Figure 67. Virgin Unit Figure 68. Virgin Unit - Bottom View
FESEM micrograph of representative XD751793GVU device solder balls.
Figure 69. Image of Solder Balls Figure 70. Detailed View
Figure 71. Detailed View - The visible
scratches on the ball surface are from
the electrical test socket contractor.
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EDS spectrum of a representative XD751793GVU device solder ball.
Figure 72. Element Analysis of the Solder Ball
Optical and FESEM micrograph of a representative XD751793GVU device solder ball
cross-section.
Figure 73. Microscopic View Figure 74. FESEM Image View
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DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - TPSDC6235YZG
Microscopic image of the investigated DSBGA package Lead-free solder ball composition.
Manufactured: June 2005
Figure 75. Microscopic View Figure 76. FESEM Image View
FESEM micrograph of representative TPSDC6235YZG device solder ball
Figure 77. Detailed View of Solder Ball
Microscopic view of TPSDC6235YZG cross-section
Figure 78. Solder Ball Cross-section View
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DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - TPS62302YZD
Microscopic image of the investigated DSBGA package Lead-free solder ball composition.
Manufactured: April 2007
Figure 79. Microscopic View
FESEM micrograph of representative TPS62302YZD device solder balls
Figure 80. FESEM Image View
FESEM view of TPS62302 and Optical microscope cross-section
Figure 81. FESEM Image View Figure 82. Solder Ball Cross-section View
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SUMMARY OF RESULTS
No failure mechanisms have been identified that compromise the reliability of solderbumped BGA packages stored for extended periods of time in a warehouse environment.
Surface analysis of solder balls revealed expected elements. SEM and optical microscopyrevealed nothing abnormal. No degradation of the solder balls was observed.
Solderability of all devices met expectations and was indistinguishable from currentdevices.
All materials and internal interfaces of the solder ball structure revealed no anomalies.
CONCLUSION
The shelf life of extended storage life devices as determined by solderability, SEM visual, SEM
spectral analysis, cross-sectional analysis, and optical microscopy is greater than 10 years.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to recognize the following individuals for their professional assistance:
The TI Reliability Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona conducted DPA testing under theengineering guidance of Lucas Copeland.
The TI Reliability Laboratory in Freising, Germany for the solderability test evaluationsperformed on the samples published in this report.
Julie Terlisner compiled all photographs and text into this report format.
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I M P O R T A N T N O T I C E
T e x a s I n s t r u m e n t s I n c o r p o r a t e d a n d i t s s u b s i d i a r i e s ( T I ) r e s e r v e t h e r i g h t t o m a k e c o r r e c t i o n s , m o d i f i c a t i o n s , e n h a n c e m e n t s , i m p r o v e m e n t s , a n d o t h e r c h a n g e s t o i t s p r o d u c t s a n d s e r v i c e s a t a n y t i m e a n d t o d i s c o n t i n u e a n y p r o d u c t o r s e r v i c e w i t h o u t n o t i c e . C u s t o m e r s s h o u l do b t a i n t h e l a t e s t r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n b e f o r e p l a c i n g o r d e r s a n d s h o u l d v e r i f y t h a t s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n i s c u r r e n t a n d c o m p l e t e . A l l p r o d u c t s a r e s o l d s u b j e c t t o T I s t e r m s a n d c o n d i t i o n s o f s a l e s u p p l i e d a t t h e t i m e o f o r d e r a c k n o w l e d g m e n t .
T I w a r r a n t s p e r f o r m a n c e o f i t s h a r d w a r e p r o d u c t s t o t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a p p l i c a b l e a t t h e t i m e o f s a l e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T I s s t a n d a r d
w a r r a n t y . T e s t i n g a n d o t h e r q u a l i t y c o n t r o l t e c h n i q u e s a r e u s e d t o t h e e x t e n t T I d e e m s n e c e s s a r y t o s u p p o r t t h i s w a r r a n t y . E x c e p t w h e r e m a n d a t e d b y g o v e r n m e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s , t e s t i n g o f a l l p a r a m e t e r s o f e a c h p r o d u c t i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y p e r f o r m e d .
T I a s s u m e s n o l i a b i l i t y f o r a p p l i c a t i o n s a s s i s t a n c e o r c u s t o m e r p r o d u c t d e s i g n . C u s t o m e r s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e i r p r o d u c t s a n d a p p l i c a t i o n s u s i n g T I c o m p o n e n t s . T o m i n i m i z e t h e r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h c u s t o m e r p r o d u c t s a n d a p p l i c a t i o n s , c u s t o m e r s s h o u l d p r o v i d e a d e q u a t e d e s i g n a n d o p e r a t i n g s a f e g u a r d s .
T I d o e s n o t w a r r a n t o r r e p r e s e n t t h a t a n y l i c e n s e , e i t h e r e x p r e s s o r i m p l i e d , i s g r a n t e d u n d e r a n y T I p a t e n t r i g h t , c o p y r i g h t , m a s k w o r k r i g h t , o r o t h e r T I i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y r i g h t r e l a t i n g t o a n y c o m b i n a t i o n , m a c h i n e , o r p r o c e s s i n w h i c h T I p r o d u c t s o r s e r v i c e s a r e u s e d . I n f o r m a t i o np u b l i s h e d b y T I r e g a r d i n g t h i r d - p a r t y p r o d u c t s o r s e r v i c e s d o e s n o t c o n s t i t u t e a l i c e n s e f r o m T I t o u s e s u c h p r o d u c t s o r s e r v i c e s o r a w a r r a n t y o r e n d o r s e m e n t t h e r e o f . U s e o f s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n m a y r e q u i r e a l i c e n s e f r o m a t h i r d p a r t y u n d e r t h e p a t e n t s o r o t h e r i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y o f t h e t h i r d p a r t y , o r a l i c e n s e f r o m T I u n d e r t h e p a t e n t s o r o t h e r i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y o f T I .
R e p r o d u c t i o n o f T I i n f o r m a t i o n i n T I d a t a b o o k s o r d a t a s h e e t s i s p e r m i s s i b l e o n l y i f r e p r o d u c t i o n i s w i t h o u t a l t e r a t i o n a n d i s a c c o m p a n i e d b y a l l a s s o c i a t e d w a r r a n t i e s , c o n d i t i o n s , l i m i t a t i o n s , a n d n o t i c e s . R e p r o d u c t i o n o f t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n w i t h a l t e r a t i o n i s a n u n f a i r a n d d e c e p t i v e b u s i n e s s p r a c t i c e . T I i s n o t r e s p o n s i b l e o r l i a b l e f o r s u c h a l t e r e d d o c u m e n t a t i o n . I n f o r m a t i o n o f t h i r d p a r t i e s m a y b e s u b j e c t t o a d d i t i o n a l r e s t r i c t i o n s .
R e s a l e o f T I p r o d u c t s o r s e r v i c e s w i t h s t a t e m e n t s d i f f e r e n t f r o m o r b e y o n d t h e p a r a m e t e r s s t a t e d b y T I f o r t h a t p r o d u c t o r s e r v i c e v o i d s a l l
e x p r e s s a n d a n y i m p l i e d w a r r a n t i e s f o r t h e a s s o c i a t e d T I p r o d u c t o r s e r v i c e a n d i s a n u n f a i r a n d d e c e p t i v e b u s i n e s s p r a c t i c e . T I i s n o t r e s p o n s i b l e o r l i a b l e f o r a n y s u c h s t a t e m e n t s .
T I p r o d u c t s a r e n o t a u t h o r i z e d f o r u s e i n s a f e t y - c r i t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s ( s u c h a s l i f e s u p p o r t ) w h e r e a f a i l u r e o f t h e T I p r o d u c t w o u l d r e a s o n a b l y b e e x p e c t e d t o c a u s e s e v e r e p e r s o n a l i n j u r y o r d e a t h , u n l e s s o f f i c e r s o f t h e p a r t i e s h a v e e x e c u t e d a n a g r e e m e n t s p e c i f i c a l l y g o v e r n i n g s u c h u s e . B u y e r s r e p r e s e n t t h a t t h e y h a v e a l l n e c e s s a r y e x p e r t i s e i n t h e s a f e t y a n d r e g u l a t o r y r a m i f i c a t i o n s o f t h e i r a p p l i c a t i o n s , a n d a c k n o w l e d g e a n d a g r e e t h a t t h e y a r e s o l e l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a l l l e g a l , r e g u l a t o r y a n d s a f e t y - r e l a t e d r e q u i r e m e n t s c o n c e r n i n g t h e i r p r o d u c t s a n d a n y u s e o f T I p r o d u c t s i n s u c h s a f e t y - c r i t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s , n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a n y a p p l i c a t i o n s - r e l a t e d i n f o r m a t i o n o r s u p p o r t t h a t m a y b e p r o v i d e d b y T I . F u r t h e r , B u y e r s m u s t f u l l y i n d e m n i f y T I a n d i t s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a g a i n s t a n y d a m a g e s a r i s i n g o u t o f t h e u s e o f T I p r o d u c t s i n s u c h s a f e t y - c r i t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s .
T I p r o d u c t s a r e n e i t h e r d e s i g n e d n o r i n t e n d e d f o r u s e i n m i l i t a r y / a e r o s p a c e a p p l i c a t i o n s o r e n v i r o n m e n t s u n l e s s t h e T I p r o d u c t s a r e s p e c i f i c a l l y d e s i g n a t e d b y T I a s m i l i t a r y - g r a d e o r " e n h a n c e d p l a s t i c . " O n l y p r o d u c t s d e s i g n a t e d b y T I a s m i l i t a r y - g r a d e m e e t m i l i t a r y s p e c i f i c a t i o n s . B u y e r s a c k n o w l e d g e a n d a g r e e t h a t a n y s u c h u s e o f T I p r o d u c t s w h i c h T I h a s n o t d e s i g n a t e d a s m i l i t a r y - g r a d e i s s o l e l y a t t h e B u y e r ' s r i s k , a n d t h a t t h e y a r e s o l e l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l l e g a l a n d r e g u l a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h s u c h u s e .
T I p r o d u c t s a r e n e i t h e r d e s i g n e d n o r i n t e n d e d f o r u s e i n a u t o m o t i v e a p p l i c a t i o n s o r e n v i r o n m e n t s u n l e s s t h e s p e c i f i c T I p r o d u c t s a r e d e s i g n a t e d b y T I a s c o m p l i a n t w i t h I S O / T S 1 6 9 4 9 r e q u i r e m e n t s . B u y e r s a c k n o w l e d g e a n d a g r e e t h a t , i f t h e y u s e a n y n o n - d e s i g n a t e d p r o d u c t s i n a u t o m o t i v e a p p l i c a t i o n s , T I w i l l n o t b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a n y f a i l u r e t o m e e t s u c h r e q u i r e m e n t s .
F o l l o w i n g a r e U R L s w h e r e y o u c a n o b t a i n i n f o r m a t i o n o n o t h e r T e x a s I n s t r u m e n t s p r o d u c t s a n d a p p l i c a t i o n s o l u t i o n s :
P r o d u c t s A p p l i c a t i o n s A m p l i f i e r s a m p l i f i e r . t i . c o m A u d i o w w w . t i . c o m / a u d i o D a t a C o n v e r t e r s d a t a c o n v e r t e r . t i . c o m A u t o m o t i v e w w w . t i . c o m / a u t o m o t i v e D L P P r o d u c t s w w w . d l p . c o m B r o a d b a n d w w w . t i . c o m / b r o a d b a n d D S P d s p . t i . c o m D i g i t a l C o n t r o l w w w . t i . c o m / d i g i t a l c o n t r o l C l o c k s a n d T i m e r s w w w . t i . c o m / c l o c k s M e d i c a l w w w . t i . c o m / m e d i c a l I n t e r f a c e i n t e r f a c e . t i . c o m M i l i t a r y w w w . t i . c o m / m i l i t a r y L o g i c l o g i c . t i . c o m O p t i c a l N e t w o r k i n g w w w . t i . c o m / o p t i c a l n e t w o r k P o w e r M g m t p o w e r . t i . c o m S e c u r i t y w w w . t i . c o m / s e c u r i t y M i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r . t i . c o m T e l e p h o n y w w w . t i . c o m / t e l e p h o n y R F I D w w w . t i - r f i d . c o m V i d e o & I m a g i n g w w w . t i . c o m / v i d e o R F / I F a n d Z i g B e e S o l u t i o n s w w w . t i . c o m / l p r f W i r e l e s s w w w . t i . c o m / w i r e l e s s
M a i l i n g A d d r e s s : T e x a s I n s t r u m e n t s , P o s t O f f i c e B o x 6 5 5 3 0 3 , D a l l a s , T e x a s 7 5 2 6 5 C o p y r i g h t 2 0 0 9 , T e x a s I n s t r u m e n t s I n c o r p o r a t e d
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