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21/05/56
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Renewable Energy Asia 2013, Bangkok5 June 2013
Sirichai Koonaphapdeelert, PhD
Energy Research and Development Institute-Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Challenges in Developing CBG Projects in Thailand
ERDI‐CMU
Vision: Leader in ASEAN RE research
Approx. 100 staffs: 60 engineers/scientistsSpecialty: Bioenergy/ Biogas 20 year experienceswww.erdi.or.th
1,062 biogas plants
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Topics Today
1, CBG Background
2. Why CBG is needed in Thailand
3. Development of CBG projects
4. Challenges in Developing CBG Projects
Concept of Biogas Economy
Current development of Biogas in Thailand
source: ERDI
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Biomethane in Europe
Target %NGV replaced by Biomethane
Sweden = 70% at present
Switzerland = 20% at present
Germany = 20% target in 2020
Austria = 27% targetSource: Boisen, 2008
Biomethane in Europe
source: erdgas mobile GmbH
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II. Why CBG needed in Thailand?
Sources: Bangkok postnews.thaipbs.or.thnationmultimedia.comuk.reuters.com
II. Why CBG needed in Thailand?
With this rapid growth rate, the NGV sales is expected to reach 800,000 tonsper month by 2021.
The first car policy has accelerated NGVDemand = 250 NGV vehicles per day
http://news.springnewstv.tv
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II. Why CBG needed in Thailand?
Actual NGV Cost = 15.49 THB/kgMarket Price = 10.50 THB/kg
Natural Gas Pipelines Biogas Plant Distribution
Potential Biogas Production 1,700 million m3/yr
or850,000 tons of CBG
Source: PTTPLC.COM
II. Why CBG needed in Thailand?
Source: Methar, 2011
CBG is the one and only renewable
energy for natural-gas fueled vehicles
Full Feeder Problem
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III. Policy for CBG Development
Source: Methar, 2011
Key Players:
- Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) - Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE)- PTT PLC.- Universities/ R&D Companies- Biogas producers- Private sectors
Biomethane Agendas in 10‐yr AEDP
Source, AEDP 2012-2021
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Biomethane Agendas in 10‐yr AEDP
Source, AEDP 2012-2021
CBG Policy Study
Energy Research Institute of Chulalongkorn (2011) found that
• Cassava starch, palm oil and ethanol plants = high potential • The sensitivity analysis showed that the average costs of CBG
are in a range of 15 -17 THB/kg higher than the pegged market price of NGV at 10.50-12.34 THB/kg.
• Short term policies: - Biogas upgrading demonstration - Economic incentive = “special tariff”
• Long-term policies: - Development of efficient biogas production - Development of efficient upgrading techniques
- Creation of new CBG market separated from fossil fuel one
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IV. CBG Development Projects
Local Technology Development by ERDI – Chiang Mai University
The first CBG car in Thailand, 2011 Chiang Mai Fresh Milk FarmPlant Capacity: 200 kg/day
IV. CBG Development Projects
MOBILE UNIT Horse Power & Torque Testing
Free CBG Project by Chiang Mai University
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IV. CBG Development Projects
Parameters CNG Standard Biomethanein this study
1. Dew Point at 20,000 kPa < 9.2 2.1 °C2.Hydrocarbon Dew Point at 4,500 kPa ≤ 15.5 ‐75 °C
3.Methane Number ≥ 65.0 108.474. Hydrogen (% by Vol.) ≤ 0.1 ND5. Carbon Dioxide (% by Vol.) ≤ 18.0 8.66. Oxygen (% by Vol.) ≤ 1.0 1.07. Wobbe Index (MJ/m3) 37.0 ‐ 42.0 40.398.Hydrogen Sulfide (mg/m3) ≤ 23.0 09. Sulfur (mg/m3) ≤ 50.0 <5
The comparison between biomethane by ERDI and the regulatory CNG standard by Ministry of Energy (2009) indicated that the biomethane met all the requirements as vehicle fuels.
Good Anti‐knocking
No engine tuning needed
Low moisture
Low engine corrosion
NGV CBG
IV. CBG Development Projects
25,000 km traveled
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IV. CBG Development Projects
Development of CBG Unit (ERDI – PTT Research Institute)
Tailored to fit CBG production in ThailandCFD simulationFinite Element AnalysisFull biogas upgrading plant design
IV. CBG Development Projects
MOU Signed, 2010
PSA Technology
Ubol Rachathani
(Terminated)
CBG Project, 2012-13
PSA Technology
Prachuabkhereekan
(Status ??)
PTT Efforts
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PTT Viewpoints
Source: Methar, 2011
The only producer and distributor of NGV in Thailand
IV. CBG Projects: UAC = Swift Investor
Commissioning, Feb 2013
Inauguration by Thai PM
Chiang Mai
Capacity 6 ton CBG/day
sources: Bangkok Postwww.uac.com
hooninside.com
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V. Challenges in CBG Projects
5.1 Unclear Regulations/ Red Tape• Not a single regulation on CBG• New CBG producer needs to demonstrate
the followings to Dept of Energy Business1) compliance with Thai NGV standard (2009)
and Swedish Biomethane Standard
2) 100,000 kilometers test run of gasoline/diesel fleet with every 20,000 km periodical engine check-ups.
3) Registered as type 7 or type 10 “Oil Trader”
• Moreover, Factory Operation Permit (Form Ror Ngor 4)
http://www.hnwscotland.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/red-tape-200x200.jpg
V. Challenges in CBG Projects
Parameters CNG Standard(Thailand)
SS 15 54 38(Swedish)
1. Dew Point < 9.2@20,000 kPa
storage T‐5 °C
2.Hydrocarbon Dew Point at 4,500 kPa
≤ 15.5 ‐
3.Methane Number ≥ 65.0 MON=1304. Hydrogen (% by Vol.) ≤ 0.1 ‐5. Carbon Dioxide (% by Vol.) ≤ 18.0 CO2+O2+N2
< 4%6. Oxygen (% by Vol.) ≤ 1.0 ≤ 1.07. Wobbe Index (MJ/m3) 37.0 ‐ 42.0
(methane 83‐91%)44.7‐46.4
(methane >97%)8.Hydrogen Sulfide (mg/m3) ≤ 23.0 ‐9. Sulfur (mg/m3) ≤ 50.0 ≤ 23.0
Big difference between Thai and Swedish standards
Source: SS 15 54 38 : “Motor fuels. –Biogas as fuel for high-speed otto engines”
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V. Challenges in CBG Projects
5.2 Feasibility StudyProduction = 3-12 tons/dayBiogas Cost = 3-4 THB/kgCBG (capital + O&M)
(substrate = livestock or industrial ww)
Upgrading Cost = 5-8 THB/kgCBG (capital + O&M)(incl. high pressure compression)
Pegged NGV price = 10.50-12.34 THB/kg
So incentives (adder or FIT) are definitely needed.
http://www.caribcement.com/files/cms/cartoon_1.jpg
Thank you very much for your attention
visit www.erdi.or.th
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