Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 2

Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction

Chapter 2

I. Mexican War

II. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Feb. 1848—Ends Mexican War2. CA, NM (including UT, NV, AZ)3. Rio Grande River the southern boundary4. Mexico gets $15 million

III. 1850s—Decade of Crisis

1850s—Decade of Crisis (cont’d)

1. 1849—80,000+ flood CA2. CA a free or slave state?3. CA a slave state?4. Extend the Missouri Line?

IV. Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 (cont’d)

1. CA free state2. Slavery unrestricted in UT & NM territories3. TX gets $10 million for land4. Slave trade abolished in D.C. & MD5. Fugitive Slave Act

V. Kansas-Nebraska Act

1. Republican Party—Opposed to the expansion of slavery & KS/NE Act.

Roger Taney Dred Scott

VI. John Brown

1. Harper’s Ferry, VA2. Big slave rebellion?3. Failure4. Caught, tried, executed5. Confederate Army begins….

VII. The South Secedes

1. Dec. 20, 1860—SC secedes2. Protect state’s rights, slavery, & way of life3. MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX followed. (Later VA, AK, NC)4. Feb. 1861—Confederate States of America5. Pres. Jefferson Davis

The South Secedes (cont’d)

6. Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC7. S. opens canon fire; Union gives up the Federal Garrison8. Conf. celebrated their 1st victory; Civil War begins. (Bloodies war in

U.S. history)

VIII. Civil War

Anaconda Plan

1.Union Plan--Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan 1. 1st Phase—Union Navy blockade ALL Southern Ports 2. 2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River3. 3rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas 4. 4th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA

Antietam

1.Antietam—Bloodiest day 2.22,000 dead 3.Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept Confederates from getting

foreign aid!

Emancipation Proclamation

1.Jan. 1, 1863. 2.Gave N. moral justification 3.England agreed; won’t help the S. 4.Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union 5.54th Mass. Infantry

IX. 1863: Turning Point

1. 1863: War Tips to the North 2. 2. 1862-1863 Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and

Chancellorsville 3. June 1863—Gettysburg, PA 4. Bloodiest overall battle of the war 5. Lee; never again try to attack the N. 6. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg 7. Won’t get European support; never win again

8. July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS 9. Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River 10. Gettysburg Address 11. Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the Union Army

Sherman’s March to the Sea

X. Consequences

1.Generation lost; 620,000 2.Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home, etc. 3.1865: 4 million new Americans (13th Amend.) 4.Politics: preserving the Union; federal gov. supreme 5.American democracy survived 6. Reconstructionindustrialization

XI. Reconstruction

1. 13th Amendment—Abolishes slavery

2. 14th Amendment, 18681. Protect Rights of all U.S. citizens2. Due process & equal protection3. No state/fed. office; Conf. officers

3. 15th Amendment 1868, 1. States can’t prevent citizens from voting based on: race, color, or previous servitude