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7/30/2019 Science for 5 Chap 1
1/5
Subject Science
Duration 70 minutes
Theme Man and The Variety of Living Things
Learning Area 1. Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things
Learning Objective 1.1 Understanding the classification of microorganisms
Learning Outcomes Students will be able to:
1. list the characteristics of various types of microorganisms2. classify microorganisms into bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae, describe the
characteristics of each group of microorganisms.
Learning Activities 1. Introduction of various types of microorganisms.2. Identify characteristics of various types of microorganism.3. Classify various types of microorganisms into groups.4. Q and A session.5. Exercises.
Teaching Aids LCD, Power point slides show, text book, work book, reference book
Assignments Exercises (work book)
Teachers Reflection Learning outcomes achieved
What is microorganisms?
Microorganisms also known as microbes. Microorganisms are living things which are so small that they
cannot be seen with the naked eye and are only visible under the microscope.
Who discovered the first microorganism?
Anton Van Leewenhoek (1632-1732) was the first person to discover the existence of microorganisms,
when he used the simple microscope that he himself invented to view a drop of rainwater which he
collected from his roof.
Types of Microorganisms
Based on their characteristics ( appearance, shape, size, method of reproduction, nutrition and habitat),
microorganisms can be classified into 5 groups:
1)Bacteria
2)Fungi
3)Protozoa
4)Virus
5)Algae
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BACTERIA
HARACTERISTICS
EE BACTERIA CELL
TRUCTURE
-Unicellular organisms-They have cell wall made of peptidoglycan
-Some have additional slimy capsule outside their cell wall for added protection
-Beneath the cell wall is its plasma membrane
-Bacteria do not have nuclear membrane-Some bacteria have one or more tail-like structure called 'flagella' which are used for
swimming
-Some bacteria also have hundreds of hairlike structures known as pilli
HAPE
-Classified according to their shapes-They can be spherical known as cocci, rod-shaped known as bacilli, comma shaped
known as vibrios and spiral known as spirilla
IZE-Diameter ranges from 0.5 -1.0 micrometres
-Only visible using a high powered micoscope
METHOD OF
EPRODUCTION
Sexually by a process called conjugation or Asexually by formation of spores or binar
fission
UTRITIONPhotosynthesis, Chemosynthesis, Saprophytic and Parasitic. Bacteria stores food in theform of glycogen granules in its cytoplasm.
HABITATCan be found almost everywhere (foods, air, water, soil, on any surfaces (such as table
tops), on the outside as well as inside of organisms especially in the intestines).
MODE OF RESPIRATION
-Some are aerobic, requiring oxygen to survive
-Some are anaerobic, do not need oxygen to survive
-Some can live in the presence or absence of oxygen
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FUNGI
HARACTERISTICSDo not contain the green pigment chlorophyll, so they have to take in nutri
from external. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.
ZE 10 - 100 micrometres
ETHOD OF REPRODUCTION
Asexually through budding or formation of spores and sexually through
conjugationUTRITION parasitism and saprohytism
ABITAT Dark, moist, warm environment
AMPLE Yeast, Mucor/ Mould
PROTOZOA
HARACTERISTICS
-Unicellular organisms
-Move with the help of cillia which continuously beat against the water
in diagonal pattern
ETHOD OF REPRODUCTION Asexually through binary fission or sexually by conjugation
UTRITION-Parasitism, saprophytism or autotrophs
-Cilia/ cilium (hair like structures) send food to oral groove
ABITATSoil, moist area, live in water ( Amoeba) or inside the body of organisms
(Plasmodium)
AMPLES Amoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium
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VIRUS
HARACTERISTICS
E VIRUS CELL STRUCTURE
-smallest microorganisms
-do not carry out any characteristics of living things
-when outside a cell, it forms a crystal
do not show cell organization
HAPE Maybe spherical, polyhedral, rod-shaped or rocket shaped
ZE Sizes ranges from about 20 - 400 nm in diameter
ETHOD OF REPRODUCTIONThey can only multiply inside the living cells (host cell) of animals or plants or other
microbes. This process harms the host, resulting in a disease.
UTRITION Parasitic
ABITAT living cell (host cell)
XAMPLE influenza virus (spherical), tobacco mosaic virus (rod-shaped)
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ALGAE
CHARACTERISTICS
-Simple aquatic plant
-No proper roots, stems, leaves or vascular system
-contains chlorophyll
SIZE 1 - 10000 micrometres
METHOD OF REPRODUCTION Asexually through binary fission or Sexually byconjugation
NUTRITION Photosynthesis (most algae have pigments which use the wavelength that penetrate wa
HABITAT Freshwater and marine (saltwater), soil, bark of trees
EXAMPLE chlamydomonas (unicellular), spirogyra
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